A 05.02.2014 ISSUED FOR INFORMATION M.C. Z.K. E.D.

Rev. Prepared Checked Contr. By Onay EDOPEC

Date Description
No. ORIGINATOR Published by

.
EDOPEC ENERJ PETROL MHENDSLK SANAY VE TCARET
LMTED RKET
Document Title
CALCULATION METHODOLOGY FOR AT-GRADE STORAGE TANK
EXTERNALS
Head Office :
Palmiye Mah. Adnan menderes Bulv.
Oktay Sitesi No: 9/8 PK = 33100
Document No.
Yeniehir /Mersin TURKEY
P:+90 324 3260595
F:+90 324 3260596
EDO CAL COE COR INT XXX 014 190 218 Rev
A
Co. Org. Doc Disc. Unit Prj. Prj. Prj. Pro.Doc. DCC
www.edopec.com. info@edopec.com Seq. Page Scale
Cod Type Code Code type NO Year Seq.No
No
17
 Page 2 of 17

Table of Content

1. DOCUMENTSCOPE .................................................................................................. 3

2. REFERENCE ................................................................................................................ 3

2.1 ProjectSpecifications ............................................................................................................... 3

2.2 Codes ......................................................................................................................................... 4

2.3 ObjectDatasheets ..................................................................................................................... 4

2.4 VendorDocuments ................................................................................................................... 4

3. SITECONDITIONS .................................................................................................... 5

4. GENERALASSUMPTIONS ....................................................................................... 5

5. CALCULATIONANDSIZINGMETHOD ................................................................ 6

5.1. ProtectionCurrentDemand ..................................................................................................... 6

5.2. SizingoftheAnodeGroundbed, ............................................................................................. 7

5.3. VerificationofAdequacy .......................................................................................................... 9

5.4. IRDrop&CircuitResistanceCalculation ............................................................................. 11

5.5. SizingofthePowerSupply .................................................................................................... 17

Project: Prj. Identification:

Document Title: Document No.: EDO-CAL-COE-COR-INT-XXX-014-190-218-REV-A- CP

CALCULATION METHODOLOGY FOR AT-GRADE STORAGE TANK EXTERNALS CALCULATION_METHODOLOGY FOR TANK BOTTOM
EXTERNALS
Revision: A Date: 05.02.2014
 Page 3 of 17

1. DOCUMENTSCOPE
The purpose of this document is to define the parameters and describe the engineering calculation
methods, to design effective and longtime Cathodic Protection (CP) system for external surfaces of
at-grade storage tanks (Hereafter called Tank) for; ONSHORE FACILITIES (Hereafter called The
Facility), by means of;

site and operational conditions,

design assumptions,

evaluation of relevant objects to be cathodically protected,

along formulations required for calculation of;

protection current demands,

sizing the groundbeds,

verification of adequacy,

IR drop calculation and

sizing of TR units

This document shall be considered as the main engineering calculation booklet for object-wise CP
calculation notes and detail drawings in order to design most effective way to protect the Tanks
bottom plates from the external electrochemical corrosion phenomenon.

2. REFERENCE

2.1 ProjectSpecifications

The latest revision of Purchaser documents referred thereto has been considered as the main
reference for this document:-
DB-1718-999-P332-0204 Basic Engineering Design Data for Onshore Facilities
RP-1718-999-6300-5002 General Requirements for Cathodic Protection
RP-1718-999-1630-0007 Onshore Electrical Design Criteria
RP-1718-999-2500-0001 Specification for Storage Tanks
The clarification sheets submitted along Purchaser documents are also considered as an integral
part of project specifications.

Project: Prj. Identification:

Document Title: Document No.: EDO-CAL-COE-COR-INT-XXX-014-190-218-REV-A- CP

CALCULATION METHODOLOGY FOR AT-GRADE STORAGE TANK EXTERNALS CALCULATION_METHODOLOGY FOR TANK BOTTOM
EXTERNALS
Revision: A Date: 05.02.2014
 Page 4 of 17

2.2 Codes

The applicable international standards listed on Purchaser documents no.;

DB-1718-999-P332-0203 List of Applicable Codes and Industry Standards
have been considered as the reference codes of this document. In case of conflict between
requirements specified in purchasers documents and the requirements of any other referenced
standard, the order of precedence shall be according to POR/MR document. Any conflict will be
brought to Purchasers attention to receive a written clarification before proceeding with any
work.
4

2.3 ObjectDatasheets

The latest revisions of Mechanical datasheets of Tanks have been used to evaluate need of Cathodic
protection as the main reference for this document:-
DW-1718-101-2510-0101
SP-1718-121-2500-0101-3
SP-1718-125-2500-0101-6
SP-1718-128-0800-0101-3
SP-1718-129-2501-0101-4
SP-1718-130-2500-0101-8
SP-1718-144-2500-0101-3
SP-1718-146-2501-0102-5
SP-1718-146-2501-0104-5
SP-1718-146-2501-0105-6
101-T-101/201/301/401 Amine Surge Tank
Mechanical Data Sheet for Steam Condensate Storage Tank
Mechanical Data Sheet for Sea Water Storage Tank
Mechanical Data Sheet for Potable Water Storage Tank
Mechanical Data Sheet for Waste Caustic Soda Storage Tank
Mechanical Data Sheet for Fire Water Storage Tank
Mechanical Data Sheet for Liquid Sulfur Storage Tank
Mechanical Data Sheet for Fresh MEG Storage Tank
Mechanical Data Sheet for Fresh Amine Storage Tank
Mechanical Data Sheet for Fresh Caustic Soda Storage Tank

2.4 VendorDocuments

The vender print document no.;

VP- PO-1718-1186-001 Cathodic Protection System Project Scope of Work
VP- PO-1718-1186-101 Cathodic Protection System Design Philosophy and Considerations

are also pre-requisite and integral parts of this document that have been derived accordingly.

Project: Prj. Identification:

Document Title: Document No.: EDO-CAL-COE-COR-INT-XXX-014-190-218-REV-A- CP

CALCULATION METHODOLOGY FOR AT-GRADE STORAGE TANK EXTERNALS CALCULATION_METHODOLOGY FOR TANK BOTTOM
EXTERNALS
Revision: A Date: 05.02.2014
 Page 5 of 17

3. SITECONDITIONS
In accordance to Doc. No.: DB-1718-999-P332-0204-1, recorded ambient temperature and
meteorological site conditions within entire Facility are as follows:-
Highest Air Temperature: 47C
Lowest Air Temperature: 2C
Design Temperature
o for outdoor equipment: 2-48C
o for indoor equipment : Max 40 C
Maximum relative humidity: 91% January
Design relative humidity
o for outdoor equipment: 80 to 100%
o for indoor equipment : up to 80%
Altitude: varies between 24 to 64 meters above sea level
over the site locations

4. GENERALASSUMPTIONS
With regard to the project specifications and Cathodic Protection System Design Philosophy and
Considerations document No. VP- PO-1718-1186-101, the following assumptions shall be
considered to formulate all the relevant details of calculation.
a) Cathodic protection system for tanks is assumed to be in full integration within the
further installation of CP system for future buried piping system on said facility.
b) External Cathodic protection for all applicable Tanks assumed to be the type
Impressed Current system (ICCP)
c) The soil under the tank base assumed NOT containing of asphalt, oily sand or
bitumen.
d) The connecting pipes including inlet/outlet, fire fighting, cooling, and close drainage
system along earthing system do not require galvanic isolation from Tanks due to the
usage of HDPE geo-membrane acting as a dielectric shield underneath the tank.
e) Tanks which of those operating temperature are below 120C shall be externally
subjected of cathodic protection. However, the temperature effect on increasing the
protective current demand over 80C is assumed to be negligible.
f) Tanks which of those operating temperature are minimum of 120C does not require
external cathodic protection. Thus, those current demands assumed being nil in such a
way.
g) Where the tank base shall be constructed on full concrete pad foundations the tank
bottom plate is not required to be protected by external cathodic protection system.
The current demand assumed null and void. Provision of chloride extraction for such a
concrete pad shall be considered while calculating polarization current demand for
rebar in concrete.
h) All the tanks which the need of cathodic protection is considered to null and void shall
be bonded via Cathode Bonding boxes to the relevant Piping system.

Project: Prj. Identification:

Document Title: Document No.: EDO-CAL-COE-COR-INT-XXX-014-190-218-REV-A- CP

CALCULATION METHODOLOGY FOR AT-GRADE STORAGE TANK EXTERNALS CALCULATION_METHODOLOGY FOR TANK BOTTOM
EXTERNALS
Revision: A Date: 05.02.2014
 Page 6 of 17

5. CALCULATIONANDSIZINGMETHOD
Individual Impressed Current Cathodic Protection System (ICCP) shall be sized for various Tanks
within the boundary of Facility. The sizing of individual ICCPs shall be addressed on object-wise
Calculation Notes and Installation Details.

The Calculation Note for each of subjected Tanks shall show the following details as minimum;
protection current demands,
sizing of the anode groundbed,
verification of adequacy,
IR drop & circuit resistance calculation and
sizing of Power supply Unit
Hence the formulations as described below have been derived from the project reference documents.

5.1. ProtectionCurrentDemand

The protection current demand is the current required to maintain an efficient protection level during
the design life, and is calculated by the following Equation;

I P FT CT (I B IT ) FD (Eq.1.1)
where:
IP :tank protection current demand (mA)
FT :tank foundation type constant (where the tank is on soil infill =1 & 0 for Concrete Pad)
CT : corrosion type constant (when operating temperature is below 120C =1 & 0 for above)
IB : tank basic current demand in at 30C operating temperature (See Eq.1.2)
IT : tank additional current demand of operating temperature above 30C (See Eq.1.3)
FD :current drainage factor (considered being Unit Value when di-electric shield is present)

5.1.a)BasicCurrentDemand

In order to calculate the tank basic current demand ( I B ), the coated and bare surfaces of tank base
plate extracted for coating efficiency, in conduction to relevant current density is used as per
equation1.2;

I B B (1 CE)SP C (CE)SP (Eq.1.2)

where:
SP :total surface of tank bottom plate to be protected (See Eq. 1.4)
B :protection current density for bare Tank Bottom (20mA/m2)
C :protection current density for coated Tank Bottom (4mA/m2)
CE :coating efficiency (considered to be the value of 0.5 for coated tank bottom and 0 for bare tank
bottom )

Project: Prj. Identification:

Document Title: Document No.: EDO-CAL-COE-COR-INT-XXX-014-190-218-REV-A- CP

CALCULATION METHODOLOGY FOR AT-GRADE STORAGE TANK EXTERNALS CALCULATION_METHODOLOGY FOR TANK BOTTOM
EXTERNALS
Revision: A Date: 05.02.2014
 Page 7 of 17

5.1.b)TemperatureRiseCurrentDemand
Protection current demand of tanks has a nature of inflation, affected from the temperature rise on
surfaces subjected to be protected in direct conduction of Tank operating temperature. Hence IT
shall be calculated and added to the basic current demand, which is calculated from;

I T I F 1.25
T
10 IF (Eq.1.3)
where:
T :temperature rise over 30C up-to 80C in accordance to the tank operating temperature
SP : tank bottom plate surface area in contact with infill material (m2)

5.1.c)ProtectionSurfaceArea
The Tank base plate planned to be erected on foundation infill material with specific diameter is the
certain area of the object to be protected. However the base plat is lap welded within a proper slope
in order to drain fluid impurities and debris through internal sump pit.

Regardless of either inward or outward slope of the tank base plate the exact slant surface area
subjected to be protected is calculated as follows;

1 d h 2 d 2 2

S P dl (Eq.1.4)
2 2

In which;
l :slant height of cone
h :height of cone
d :base diameter of cone

Figure 1- Schematic for Slope of Tank Bottom Plate

5.2. SizingoftheAnodeGroundbed,

MMO Titanium anodes with excellent current output and long lifetime are proven to have the
following advantages:
Availability of Large Driving Potential
High Current Output Capable of Protecting Large Structure
Capability of Variable Current Output
Applicability To Almost Any Soil Resistivity

Project: Prj. Identification:

Document Title: Document No.: EDO-CAL-COE-COR-INT-XXX-014-190-218-REV-A- CP

CALCULATION METHODOLOGY FOR AT-GRADE STORAGE TANK EXTERNALS CALCULATION_METHODOLOGY FOR TANK BOTTOM
EXTERNALS
Revision: A Date: 05.02.2014
 Page 8 of 17

5.2.a)AnodeShape

MMO Titanium anodes to be installed underneath the tank shall be in the shape of ribbon with
standard dimensions available in market. A MMO Ribbon anode with 6.35 mm width and 0.635 mm
thickness has been considered for use on this project.
5.2.b)AnodeQuantities
Anode quantities shall be subject of calculation by the following means;

Required quantities of anode to provide essential current of designated anodes design life,

Adequacy of current distribution underneath the tanks by means of earth potential shift
criteria. (See clause no. 5.3)

The required length of anode for each tank shall be calculated by dividing total protection current
demand by maximum current output of the ribbon in fine sand; i.e.,

I
LM P
A (Eq.2.1)

where:
IP :tank protection current demand as per Eq.1.1 (mA)
A :anode current density per meter length (from the 3 A/m2for 50+ years of design life, assumed
to be 42 mA/m for standard ribbon 6.35 mm width and 0.635 mm thick as per data sheets)
LM :minimum required length of anode in meters

However the actual anode length shall be subject of verification of adequacy factor ( FA ) on
distribution of current by means of Anodic Voltage Cone, underneath of entire bottom plate of tank
meeting the following criterion;
V V (P P ) (PL PS )
FA Max Min U S (Eq.2.2)
VMax (PU PS )
where:

VMax :the maximum level of Anodic Voltage Cone calculated at a certain point underneath the tank
VMin : the minimum level of Anodic Voltage Cone calculated at a certain point underneath the tank
PU :upper limit of protective potential allowed as per project specifications (-1200mV wrt Cu/CuSo4)
PL : lower limit of protective potential allowed as per project specifications (-850mV wrtCu/CuSo4)
PS :natural potential of Steel bottom plate (considered to be -550mV wrt Cu/CuSo4)

Hence the actual length, the quantities of segments and spacing between parallel ribbon anodes shall
be determined in a way to ensure the even current distribution underneath the tank have enough
adequate for protection of tank bottom plate under within project protective potential rages.

Project: Prj. Identification:

Document Title: Document No.: EDO-CAL-COE-COR-INT-XXX-014-190-218-REV-A- CP

CALCULATION METHODOLOGY FOR AT-GRADE STORAGE TANK EXTERNALS CALCULATION_METHODOLOGY FOR TANK BOTTOM
EXTERNALS
Revision: A Date: 05.02.2014
 Page 9 of 17

5.3. VerificationofAdequacy

In order to evaluate the adequacy of current distribution underneath the tank (item b in sec.6.3.), the
voltage cone and superposition concepts shall be taken into account.

When the protection current is transmitted to the soil via the anode bed, a voltage gradient is
produced in the soil which exponentially decreases with increasing distance from anode bed, being
the greatest at the vicinity of the anode.

At a distance from the anode bed where no

appreciable field strength due to the protection
current is detectable, the soil potential approaches
zero. This potential is termed that of the remote
ground.

The voltage between the remote ground and the

anode bed is the anode voltage. Because of the
CurrentDrainPoint
cone-shaped curve of the voltage distribution on the (SingleVerticalAnode,
soil surface (Figure 2), this is called the Voltage DeepWell,etc.)
Cone of the anode bed. The height of the voltage
cone depends on the anode voltage and its shape
depends on the arrangement of the anodes. Figure 2- Single Vertical Anode Voltage Cone
Schematic
For a single ribbon anode placed horizontally in the
ground, the equi-potential lines in the soil around the anode bed may be shown as Figure 3.

The earth potential shift depends on the following parameters.

a) soil resistivity value,

b) depth and length of the anode,
c) horizontal distance from the anode,
d) current transmitted to the soil by the ribbon anode.
RibbonAnode

Figure 3- Voltage Cone in soil for a Horizontal Single Anode

Project: Prj. Identification:

Document Title: Document No.: EDO-CAL-COE-COR-INT-XXX-014-190-218-REV-A- CP

CALCULATION METHODOLOGY FOR AT-GRADE STORAGE TANK EXTERNALS CALCULATION_METHODOLOGY FOR TANK BOTTOM
EXTERNALS
Revision: A Date: 05.02.2014
 Page 10 of 17

This will be calculated by using the following formula from Handbook of Cathodic Corrosion
Protection by W. von Baeckmann.

2
l l
r t
2 2

I 2 2
Vr ln
2 l l l
2

r2 t2
2 2
(Eq.3.1)

where:

Vr
: earth potential shift at distance "r" from
the anode
: soil resistivity value for tank infill
Figure 4- Location of Ribbon Anode underneath
material
I : current flow from ribbon anode the Tank Bottom Plate
l :anode length
t : vertical distance between tank bottom and anode
r : horizontal distance of the anode to a certain point of the tank bottom surface
At the stage of calculating the potential shift of the soil underneath the tank bottom plate by use of
the above formula, the superposition effect of all segments of MMO ribbon anodes shall be
considered. For instance, for calculating the potential shift at the point of the tank bottom
immediately above segment 1 in Figure 4, the superposition effects of segments 2, 3, 4, , N shall
be obtained and added to the potential shift emanates from segment 1 itself.

Similarly, for segment 2, the effects of segments 1, 3, 4, , N shall be calculated as per segment 1
that shall be individually calculated for all of the segment of anodes up to the segment N.
n
VS( j ) n
j 1 Vr ( i ) ( i , j )
i 1
(Eq.3.2)
where:
VS : earth potential shift with superposition effects of all anode segments (repeated for individual
locations at the point of the tank bottom plate immediately above each segment of anode)
Vr (i, j ) : function of Earth potential shift effect arisen from individual segments of anode to a certain
location of tank bottom plate
In which with respect to the Eq.3.1, the function of earth potential shift arisen from individual
segments of anode is defined as below;
2
l
i j rs 2 l
t i i
2

I i 2 2
V r (i , j) ln (Eq.3.3)
2 l i l
2

i j rs 2 l
t2 i i
2 2

Project: Prj. Identification:

Document Title: Document No.: EDO-CAL-COE-COR-INT-XXX-014-190-218-REV-A- CP

CALCULATION METHODOLOGY FOR AT-GRADE STORAGE TANK EXTERNALS CALCULATION_METHODOLOGY FOR TANK BOTTOM
EXTERNALS
Revision: A Date: 05.02.2014
 Page 11 of 17

where:
j : the variable number of a certain location affected by earth potential shift of individual anode
segments
i : the variable number of anode segment that its effect at a certain (J) location is under study
Ii : current flow from the segment of anode that its effect at a certain (J) location is under study
li : length of the segment of anode that its effect at a certain (J) location is under study
t : vertical distance between tank bottom and anode( Typically 0.4 meters)
rs : horizontal distance between segments of anode (shall be adjusted during verification for
optimum usage of anode and protection adequacy)

Hence the maximum and minimum value of earth potential shift with superposition effects of all
anode segments beneath the tank bottom plate can be addressed as follows;
VMax Max(VS1 ;VS 2 ;VS 3 ;...VSN ) (Eq.3.4)

VMin Min(VS1 ;VS 2 ;VS 3 ;...VSN ) (Eq.3.5)

That shall be used in order to verify the of adequacy factor ( FA ) indicated on pervious section as per
Eq.2.2. Hence the distance between the segment of anodes from each ( rs ) shall be adjusted for
optimum installation by both means of efficient usage of anode and protection adequacy.

5.4. IRDrop&CircuitResistanceCalculation

The size and current capacity of the ICCP system shall be designed within calculation of IR and drop
equivalent circuit resistance of the system.

The following parameters are affecting the total circuit resistance and resulting IR drop on various
system components subsequently;

The transition resistance between the surface of the anode and the electrolyte, i.e., the
resistance of the interface of anode and its surrounding soil (see clause no. 5.4.a)

The resistance of soil resulting IR drop to anode to a certain point of earth (tank bottom
plate), as an interfering function of close distribution of anode instead of remote earth
criterion. (effects of Vx described in clause no. 5.4.b)

Structure to soil resistance as a function of cathode surface area and resistivity of

foundation infill material

Linear/internal resistance of structure as a result of tank material conductance and section

area (which is deeply small and negligible due to the mechanical nature of Tanks)

The internal resistance of the anode groundbed (i.e., Tint described in clause no.5.4.e),

Internal resistance of cabling resulting IR drop on various segment of system conductors

Reverse Electromagnetic Force resulting 2 volts of deduction on driven Voltage of CP

system as a result of voltage repercussion.
Project: Prj. Identification:

Document Title: Document No.: EDO-CAL-COE-COR-INT-XXX-014-190-218-REV-A- CP

CALCULATION METHODOLOGY FOR AT-GRADE STORAGE TANK EXTERNALS CALCULATION_METHODOLOGY FOR TANK BOTTOM
EXTERNALS
Revision: A Date: 05.02.2014
 Page 12 of 17

An equivalent electrical circuit may be outlined and the overall resistance of the circuit shall be
considered as follows.

E = max impressed current driven voltage

Rc+= resistance of positive cable
RAint= Total internal resistance of anode grid and feeders
RA =anode to soil resistance
RE =structure resistance to soil
RSt = linear resistance of structure
Rc = resistance of negative cable
IP= cathodic protection current demand in ampere
Vx= IR Drop to soil for close anode installation (Eq.4.2)
Vs = 2 volts for volt repercussion (back EMF)
Figure 5- Equivalent Electrical Circuit

Hence, the output driven voltage of ICCP system shall be calculated from equivalent circuit
resistance through the following equation.

E Rc RAint RA RE RSt Rc I P Vx Vs (Eq.4.1)

5.4.a)TransitionResistanceofAnodeGroundbed
In order to include the effects of IR drop of anode groundbed to earth, the transient resistance
between anode grids to the soil shall be calculated, as the equivalent resistance ( R A )shown in
equation no. 4.2.

1
RA (Eq.4.2)
SUM
which is the reverse of the total conductance of parallel running of the segments of ribbon anodes in
soil as follows;
n
1 1 1 1
SUM ( ) (Eq.4.3)
i 1 Ri R1 R2 Rn

Hence the resistance of individual segment of ribbon anodes (from one to n) shall be calculated
individually using equation no. 4.4

li2
Ri ln (Eq.4.4)
2 li td

in which,
: soil resistivity(for the soil infill surrounding the anode grid)
li : length of "i" th. ribbon anode (from table 3)
d : equivalent diameter of MMO ribbon anode (4.44mm for 6.35mm0.635mm ribbons)
t : depth of the MMO ribbon anode with respect to tank bottom plate (i.e., 0.40m from Sec.6.4)

Project: Prj. Identification:

Document Title: Document No.: EDO-CAL-COE-COR-INT-XXX-014-190-218-REV-A- CP

CALCULATION METHODOLOGY FOR AT-GRADE STORAGE TANK EXTERNALS CALCULATION_METHODOLOGY FOR TANK BOTTOM
EXTERNALS
Revision: A Date: 05.02.2014
 Page 13 of 17

5.4.b)IRDroptoEarth
Due to the close installation of anode grid to the structure, current density (current per unit of cross-
sectional area of the earth) flowing away from the anode ground bed is high at close area and
exponentially decreases with increase of distance. Where the current density is highest, the greatest
point-to-point potential shift can be observed in the earth. The net result of this effect is that most of
the IR drop in the earth for a single anode normally is encountered within the first few centimeters.

In order to calculate the maximum IR drop of the groundbed to earth, arisen from interfering anode
current flowing to the cathode (Bottom Plate) from electrolyte (tank infill material), the resistance
between anode grid to the soil immediately beneath the steel bottom plate shall be considered as a
deteriorative effect on reducing driven voltage of ICCP system.

Hence the IR drop to earth shall be calculated for unit length of ribbon anode (Say one meter length)
to the closest distance to the tank bottom plate (Say horizontal zero distance from anode, but at a
vertical distance between anode and tank bottom plate), under maximum applicable current density
per unit length of anode, by using the following formula from Handbook of Cathodic Corrosion
Protection by W. von Baeckmann).

2
l l
r t
2 2

I 2 2
Vx ln (Eq.4.5)
2 l l l
2

r2 t2
2 2
where:
: soil resistivity(for the soil infill surrounding the anode grid)
I : current flows from unit length of ribbon anode (i.e., 42mA lengthwise; actual current shall be
less than this due to the over design for total length of ribbon anodes)
l : anode length (to be One meter for unit length)
t : Vertical distance between tank bottom and anode (Typically 0.40meter)
r : horizontal distance of the anode to a certain point of the tank bottom surface (here to be
taken "0" because the highest amount of the IR drop shall be at r=0)

5.4.c)Structuretosoilresistance
The structure resistance to soil shall be calculated considering the based on both of the bare and
coated resistance of structure to soil. Structure specific polarization resistance for defected and bare
area and structure specific coating resistance represented per meter square in Ohm ( .m 2 ) shall be
divided to the appropriate surface area with reference to the coating efficiency of the structure. The
bare steel to soil have a specific polarization resistance value of 10 .m 2 , while the specific coating
resistance is varies between 2000 to 5000 .m 2 .

The quality of the coating changes the specific coating resistance has a direct effect to the protective
current density of the structure as well. The increase of the specific coating resistance will extremely
decrease the protective current density of structure. However in order to calculate the highest value as
the extreme edge for protective current demand, the coating efficiency has been considered to be 50%
only resulting 50% of the tank bottom plate to be considered bare and in direct contact to the soil.

Project: Prj. Identification:

Document Title: Document No.: EDO-CAL-COE-COR-INT-XXX-014-190-218-REV-A- CP

CALCULATION METHODOLOGY FOR AT-GRADE STORAGE TANK EXTERNALS CALCULATION_METHODOLOGY FOR TANK BOTTOM
EXTERNALS
Revision: A Date: 05.02.2014
 Page 14 of 17

Hence the resistance of structure to soil shall be calculated individually for bare and coated tank
bottom plate surface area s follows;

1
RE (Eq.4.6)
1 1

RREC REB
where:
RE :total structure to soil resistance
REC :bare structure to soil resistance
R EB : coated structure to soil resistance

that shall be calculated from the following equations;

rU
REB (Eq.4.6)
SP (CE)

rP
R EC (Eq.4.7)
S P (1 CE )
where:
rU : specific coating resistance
rP :specific polarization resistance
SP : Structure surface area in contact to soil (as per Eq.1.4)
CE : Structure coating efficiency

5.4.d)Linear/internalresistanceofstructure
And because of huge surface area of the metal structure the linear resistance of the tank bottom
plate, RS , is negligible.

5.4.e)InternalResistanceofAnodeGroundbed
Typically the internal anode groundbed resistance of the tanks ICCP system is consisting of Anode
Grid network and Anode feeder cable. Thereby the internal resistance of Anode grounded shall be
calculated within the consideration of internal
resistance of both of above items in series.

Either the internal resistance of anode feeder(s) or

the internal resistance for anode grid itself will result
IR Drop that shall be taken on account when
calculating and sizing ICCP system of each tank.

In order to reduce the internal resistance of anode

groundbed, enough quantities of individual anode
feeder cables shall be connected to the anode grid Figure 6- Simulated Circuit of Groundbed Internal
and the tails shall be run through trenches into the Resistance
either Anode Junction Box (AJB) or Anode/Cathode
Bonding Box (ACBB) which is located at certain a distance from the tank wall.

Project: Prj. Identification:

Document Title: Document No.: EDO-CAL-COE-COR-INT-XXX-014-190-218-REV-A- CP

CALCULATION METHODOLOGY FOR AT-GRADE STORAGE TANK EXTERNALS CALCULATION_METHODOLOGY FOR TANK BOTTOM
EXTERNALS
Revision: A Date: 05.02.2014
 Page 15 of 17

Increasing the quantities of anode feeder cable with an average of resistance on each (RFC) to be
connected to the anode grid via several feeding points (F) will divide the current flow into the
groundbed, resulting the portions of the anode grid to act as parallel circuits and facing lower internal
resistance (Rint) as desired.

Hence, the total resistance anode groundbed (i.e. the resistance between anode junction box and the
chosen point "C" underneath the tank within worst case condition) shall be calculated to be adjusted
to reach to the proper internal resistance as below;

RFC Rint
R Aint (Eq.4.8)
NF
where:
R A int : total internal resistance of anode groundbed
R FC :average internal resistance of each anode feeder cable
R int : Maximum internal resistance of each portion of anode grid
NF : numbers of anode groundbed feeding networks (Shall be adjusted in order to reach to the
required internal resistance as desired)
that shall be calculated as an average of for all segment of feeder from feeder 1 to N as follows;

l n

R FC Avg c i (Eq.4.9)
a c i 1

where:
c : specific resistivity of Copper conductor
li :length of individual anode feeder cable
ac : conductor section area

As far as total surface of the structure subjected to be

cathodically protected SP, the efficient domain for each
S
feeding point Fi will be P in sq.m, or a circle as
NF
depicted in Figure 7 will be simulated; in which RAn is
the linear internal resistance of each segment of MMO
ribbon anodes laying between the distance of Ti
conductor bars and RTi is the linear internal resistance
of each segment of Titanium conductor bars laying
between the distance of Ribbon anodes.
Then, internal resistance of each segment will be
calculated accordingly.

lr
RAn t (Eq.4.10) Figure 7- Anode Grid Simulation to a
ar Resistance Network

lt
RTi t (Eq.4.11)
at
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Document Title: Document No.: EDO-CAL-COE-COR-INT-XXX-014-190-218-REV-A- CP

CALCULATION METHODOLOGY FOR AT-GRADE STORAGE TANK EXTERNALS CALCULATION_METHODOLOGY FOR TANK BOTTOM
EXTERNALS
Revision: A Date: 05.02.2014
 Page 16 of 17

where:
t : specific resistivity of Titanium conductor
ar : ribbon anode section area
at : Ti conductor bar anode section area
lr :distance of ribbon anodes to each
lt :distance of conductor bars to each (to be adjusted in order to equalize RTi to RAn)

In order to distribute the protective current within an equi-potentially designed anode grid consist of
the cells from segments of Ribbon anodes and Ti conductor bars the linear internal resistance of both
shall be equalized to each at a value of Ri.

There by the distance of conductor bar to each shall be adjusted in order to meet the following
criteria;

Ri RTi R An (Eq.4.12)

Hence, the distance of conductor bar (lt) is used to address the total length of Ti Conductor bar
required to be used on anode grid.

Additionally if an arbitrary point of C is chosen under the tank bottom plate, the current flowing
from to the anode grid and through the soil to the structure, will pass a path like what is depicted in
figure 7.
Then, the internal resistance of point Fi to C will be calculated using Delta-Star Conversion
Law of the circuits resulting to the value of Rint on an extreme edge:

Rint 3 Ri

5.4.e)InternalResistanceofMainCables

As indicated above various parameters are involved to calculate different resistance in equivalent
circuit of ICCP system such as;
NF : numbers of anode groundbed feeding networks
lt :distance of conductor bars to each

Hence the adjustments of those values are resulting to minimize the IR drop to its optimum value that
shall be in-line to the driven voltage of ICCP system.
Additionally the internal resistances of main positive Rc and main negative Rc cables have the
same roll that the sizing of the cable shall be calculate in a way that the calculated equivalent circuit
resistance Req to meet below criteria;

E Vx Vs
Req
IP
In which;
Req Rc RAint RA RE RSt Rc

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Document Title: Document No.: EDO-CAL-COE-COR-INT-XXX-014-190-218-REV-A- CP

CALCULATION METHODOLOGY FOR AT-GRADE STORAGE TANK EXTERNALS CALCULATION_METHODOLOGY FOR TANK BOTTOM
EXTERNALS
Revision: A Date: 05.02.2014
 Page 17 of 17

Hence the value of Rc and Rc is calculated as properly sized as per below equation;
c lc
Rc (Eq.4.13)
ac
where:
Rc : resistance of the cable under study (applicable for both of Rc and Rc )
c : specific resistivity of Copper conductor
li :length of cable under study
ac : conductor section area

5.5. SizingofthePowerSupply

Selection of the T/R unit will be based on the following parameters.

ambient conditions and environmental data,

execution area and presentation of hazardous gases and dusts,

AC power to be used and required voltage and current ratings,

maximum real-time controllability of protection parameters,

installation and maintenance requirements.

Considering the calculated maximum current demand for the protection of the tank to be I P and an
additional 50% margin to shall be added in order to address the output current capacity of power
supply unit.

The output voltage of the power supply unit shall be in rating to meet all the requirements describe
on section 5.4 of this document but limited to the maximum value of the 50 Volts.

Within the consideration that AC power will be easily provided in facility, Transformer-Rectifier
units (TRU) or individual channel Transformer-Rectifier units (TRC) shall be used to generate
required DC current as the power supply unit. TRU/TRC shall be installed outside of classified area
preferably insides of substations.
Where the installation within the substations is not feasible, the TRU may be subject of outdoor
installation under company approval.

Project: Prj. Identification:

Document Title: Document No.: EDO-CAL-COE-COR-INT-XXX-014-190-218-REV-A- CP

CALCULATION METHODOLOGY FOR AT-GRADE STORAGE TANK EXTERNALS CALCULATION_METHODOLOGY FOR TANK BOTTOM
EXTERNALS
Revision: A Date: 05.02.2014