List of contents:

Chapter 4: PLC

4.1 Introduction to
PLC ........................................................................
4.1
4.2 History of
PLC ..........................................................................
....... 4.2
4.3 Comparison of PLC with Other Control
Systems ........................ 4.3
4.4 Advantages of
PLCs ........................................................................
4.4
4.5 Structure of
PLC ..........................................................................
... 4.5
4.5.1
CPU ................................................................................... 4.6
4.5.2 Memory of
PLC ................................................................ 4.7
4.5.3 Power
Supply .................................................................... 4.8
4.5.4 Communication
Port .......................................................... 4.10
4.5.5 Input and Output
modules ................................................. 4.10
4.6 PLC Operating Cycle (PLC
Scan) ................................................. 4.12
4.7 PLC Programming
Languages ....................................................... 4.13

Chapter 5: Sensors & Actuators

5.1
Sensors ....................................................................
............................ 5.1
A. SENSOR
BASICS ................................................................. 5.1
B. The main categories of
sensors .............................................. 5.1
C. Sensors
Comparison ..............................................................
5.4
D. Sensors in the
workplace ....................................................... 5.5
5.2
Actuators .................................................................
........................... 5.6
A. Electric
Motors ......................................................................
5.6
B. Motor
Controls ......................................................................
5.10
I. Stepper
Motors ............................................................
5.10
II. Servo
Motors ...............................................................
5.12

C. Hydraulic Actuators
.............................................................. 5.12
D. Pneumatic
Actuators ............................................................. 5.13
E. Actuator
characteristics .........................................................
5.13
List of Figures:
Chapter 4: PLC

Fig 4.1 Simple Example of

PLC ............................................................ 4.1
Fig 4.2 Structure of
PLC ........................................................................
4.5
Fig 4.3 Insulation transformer
.............................................................. 4.8
Fig 4.4
Grounding ................................................................
.................. 4.9
Fig 4.5 PLC
Scan .........................................................................
........ 4.12

Chapter 5: Sensors & Actuators

Fig 5.1 Limit

Switch ......................................................................
......... 5.1
Fig 5.2 Proximity Sensor Types
............................................................ 5.5
Fig 5.3 Thru-Beam
.................................................................................
5.3
Fig 5.4 Diffuse
Reflective .................................................................
...... 5.3
Fig 5.5
REFLEX .....................................................................
............... 5.4
Fig 5.6 Sensor in
Workplace ................................................................
. 5.5
 Fig 5.7 Actuator
Structure ..................................................................
.. 5.6
Fig 5.8 Structure of a 3-pole DC
motor................................................ 5.7
Fig 5.9 A Few stages of operation of a DC
motor ............................... 5.8
Fig 5.10 Characteristics of DC
motors .................................................. 5.9
Fig 5.11 The principle of the Stepper
Motor ...................................... 5.10
Fig 5.12 Microstepping controls for stepper
motors .......................... 5.11
Fig 5.13 Structure of a hydraulic drive
system ................................... 5.12
Fig 5.14 An application of pneumatic actuators for
testing .............. 5.14

List of Tables :
Chapter 4 :PLC
Table 4.1 Comparison of PLC with Other Control
Systems .............. 4.3

Chapter 5 :Sensors & Actuators

Table 5.1 Sensors Comparison
.............................................................. 5.4
Table 5.2 DC Motors
Comparison ........................................................ 5.8
Table 5.3 AC Motors
Comparison ........................................................ 5.9