KMEM4347:

ENVIRONMENT AND ENERGY

STUDY FOR APPLICATION OF HEAT PUMP IN

WATER HEATING SYSTEM FOR HOTELS.
WATER STRATIFICATION
Happen when water turnover is low
Thermocline exist as a boundary
Hot water stay at higher level
Cold water stay at lower level
OPERATING PRINCIPLE OF HEAT
PUMP
Consist of evaporator , condenser,
expansion valve, compressor
Compressor pressurize refrigerant
to liquid state
Evaporator extract heat
Condenser expel heat
Expansion valve expand refrigerant
to gaseous state
Shell and tube evaporator and condenser used
SETTING

Parameters
Crystal Crown Hotel
Harbour View,
Pelabuhan Klang
216 rooms.
Showers only, no
bathtubs.
WATER USAGE CALCULATIONS

An average person bathing

using water at 36OC would be
using mixture of
approximately 27% hot water
and 73% cold water.
WATER HEATER HEAT LOAD CALCULATIONS
(SIZING HEAT PUMP)
ONESO HEAT LOAD CALCULATOR
APP MANUAL CALCULATIONS
 WATER STORAGE TANK DIAGRAM
Three Way Valve Control Valve

Circulation Pump Thermostat Control valve

To Hotel Room
Overflow Valve control the
water flow
From Chill
Water Cycle
Thermostat
ensure supply
Water Storage Tank
Heat Pump
water
temperature
Three way valve control water
Cooling Tower
old
Water
Drain Water Source supply from cooling tower
let Circulation pump circulate the
water
Secondary Storage Tank
Drain and overflow valve ensure
serviceability the water tank
 BLOCK DIAGRAM

Exisiting Design Proposed Design

Chill
Cooling Tower Water Chill Water
Hot Cooling Tower
Water Hot Water

29C 35C
29C 35C Bypass
line
12C
Chiller
Chiller FCU/AHU
Heat Recovery 7C
7C Chiller/Heat FCU/AHU
Pump

Water
12C
50C-60C 35C Control
Valve
Heat Water Feed Water
Supply to from chiller
water storage condenser
water discharge
SITTING

The rooftop of the hotel is

selected for the installation of
the system. (Marked in red)
Gravity with pump assist the
supply of water to 10 floors of
hotel rooms.
Easy access and open area for
installation and maintenance
works, etc.
Sizing Pump Size
100 1.852 15.8521.852
H = 0.2083 304.8 3.28 ( )
0.03937 4.8655 100

Where
H = friction head loss in mm of water
c = Hazen-Williams roughness constant
q = volume flow (l/s)
d = inside hydraulic diameter of pipe (mm)
l = length of pipe (m)

By using Hazen William equation, head loss calculated is

4.52m. Safety factor of 2 is recommended. Head required
for the pump:
= 4.52 2
= 9.04m
HEAT PUMP SELECTION

3 heat pump with model code of

CGS72(HC) are selected.
maximum heat produced: 224.4kW
COP : 5.16
14.5kW of input power ->
74.8kW of heat output
water temperature: 60C.
PUMP SELECTION
Model: JE2-120
Motor power: 2.5kW
Impeller: open impeller (able to
withstand a solid up to 25mm)
Max flow rate: 44m3/h
Max head: 18m.
front cover can be easily removed

From the performance curve of

pump, at volume flow rate of 10L/s
which equivalent to 36 m3/h with
head of 10m, The motor is operating
at 2.3kW with efficiency of 42%.
OPERATING COST FOR ELECTRIC
HEATER

For every month,

200 hotel guests
shower twice every day
Shower duration: 30 minutes
Total amount of time for electric heater operation
is:
Time = 200 people x 2 times per day x 30 minutes x
30 days x 60s = 21600000s
 Time = 21600000s

The electric heater work at 8kW,

Total electricity required = 21600000 x 8kW
= 172800MJ
= 48000 kWH
 OPERATING COST FOR HEAT PUMP

Water usage/month = 7.9L/min x 30 min x 2 x 200 people x 30

= 2844000 L
= 2844000 kg

Hot water usage = 2844000 x 27/100

= 767880 kg
Heat energy needed to heat up 767880kg of water by using heat
pump per month:
Q = 767880 x 4.2 x 33
= 106428168 kJ
With COP= 5.16, electric energy input for the heat pump is:
E = 106428168 / 5.16
Electrical Energy Usage (kWH)
= 20625613.95 kJ
Electric Heater Heat Pump
= 5729.33kWH
48000 5729.63

Saved Running Cost

48000 5729.33
= 100%
48000
= 88.06 %
CONCLUSION
Centralize heat recovery system need a
existing chiller system
Have high set-up cost
Longer period of break-even period
Much higher maintenance cost
Suitable for higher load
 REFERENCE
Galvinized Iron Pipe. (n.d.). Retrieved from ATKC ewarehouse:
http://www.ewarehouse.atkc.com.my/plumbing/galvanized-gi-pipes-fittings/galvanized-iron-gi-
pipes/Galvanized-Iron-GI-Pipe-3-80MM-Class-AA-x-6-0M

Heating and Cooling Water Heat Pumps. (n.d.). Retrieved from Made-in-china.com:
http://sprsun.en.made-in-china.com/product/BKiEtsLHYYcG/China-Heating-and-Cooling-Water-
Heat-Pumps-CGS-52-HC-.html
MP960 Multi Point Water Heater. (n.d.). Retrieved from Joven: http://www.joven-
electric.com/product_details?p_id=59&category_id=3
Panasonic Heat Pump Design Hand Book. (2014). Berkshire: Panasonic.
"Hot Water Stratification Management". YouTube. N.p., 2017. Web. 26 Mar. 2017.
Kaiserman, Lily.

"Thermal Stratification Inside Water Storage Tanks [VIDEO]". Paxwater.com. N.p., 2017.
Web. 26 Mar. 2017.
"Hot Water Storage Tank". En.wikipedia.org. N.p., 2017. Web. 26 Mar. 2017.

Heat Recovery From Chilled Water System. 1st ed. Carrier, 2008. Web. 26 Mar. 2017.