Bexley Swimming and Leisure Centre Feasibility Report For Rockdale City Council

BEXLEY SWIMMING AND LEISURE CENTRE
FEASIBILITY REPORT FOR ROCKDALE CITY COUNCIL
SUSTAINABILITY OPTIONS REPORT

prepared by AECOM, September 2011
COPYRIGHT TOMPKINSMDA ARCHITECTS

28 NOVEMBER 2011
BEXLEY SWIMMING POOL REDEVELOPMENT
SUSTAINABILITY DESIGN OPTIONS REPORT
REVISION 01
AECOM
420 George Street
Sydney, NSW, 2000
Australia
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................1

1.1 DEVELOPMENT .........................................................................1
1.2 SUSTAINABILITY .......................................................................1
1.3 APPROACH ................................................................................2
2.0 SUSTAINABILITY CONCEPTS .....................................................2
2.1 SITE WIDE CONCEPTS .............................................................2
2.1.1 General ....................................................................................2
2.1.2 Maintain or Improve Site Ecology.............................................2
2.1.3 Bioswales ................................................................................3
2.1.4 Porous Hard Surfaces..............................................................3
2.2 BUILT FORM ..............................................................................3
2.2.1 General ....................................................................................3
2.2.2 Orientation ...............................................................................3
2.2.3 Building Shape.........................................................................3
2.3 BUILDING ENVELOPE ...............................................................3
2.3.1 General ....................................................................................3
2.3.2 Shading ...................................................................................3
2.3.3 Insulation .................................................................................3
2.3.4 Roof And Faade Colour..........................................................3
2.3.5 High Performance Glazing .......................................................4
2.3.6 Operable Windows...................................................................4
2.3.7 Daylighting ...............................................................................4
2.4 MECHANICAL SERVICES - HVAC .............................................4
2.4.1 Administration Areas ................................................................4
2.4.2 Heating To The Pool Hall .........................................................4
2.4.3 Refrigerants .............................................................................5
2.4.4 High Efficiency Motors .............................................................5
2.5 ELECTRICAL SERVICES ...........................................................5
2.5.1 Energy Efficient Light Sources .................................................5
2.5.2 Integrated Daylight / Electric Lighting Control...........................5
2.5.3 Occupancy Sensors .................................................................5
2.5.4 Exterior Lighting .......................................................................5
2.5.5 Lightpipes ................................................................................5
2.6 HYDRAULIC SERVICES ............................................................5
2.6.1 Low Flow Tapware ...................................................................5
2.6.2 Avoid Dead Legs In Hot Water System ....................................5
2.6.3 Hot Water Storage Insulation ...................................................6
2.6.4 Rainwater Harvesting...............................................................6
2.7 POWER GENERATION ..............................................................6
2.7.1 Solar Hot Water .......................................................................6
2.7.2 Photovoltaics (PV Cells)...........................................................6
2.7.3 Combined Heat Power / Cogeneration .....................................7
1001-2-0605-20110921VJ-AecomReport.doc
7 Nov. 11
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 DEVELOPMENT
The development comprises the construction of a new indoor and outdoor aquatic
leisure centre for Rockdale City Council at 98C Preddys Road, Bexley North.
The development will consist of:

Outdoor 50m competition swimming pool
25m 8 lane Lap pool
20m Learn to swim/Programme pool
200-250 m2 leisure pool
Gymnasium / Fitness Club
Administration offices
Carparking
This report deals with general sustainability options related to the development.
1.2 SUSTAINABILITY
This report presents various strategies that will provide an ecologically sustainable
design for the new development. These strategies are aimed at minimising the
usage of both non-renewable energy and water. Energy reduction can be achieved
through the implementation of two complementary strategies. These are the use of
clean renewable energy production and smart building design to reduce energy
consumption. Water usage may be reduced through a number of methods
including recycling, water treatment and filtration plant design and careful selection
of fittings and appliances.
Energy reduction measures include:
Sourcing of energy from clean renewable or alternative energy sources, such

as:
o Solar Photovoltaic
o Solar Thermal (such solar pool and domestic hot water heating)
Minimisation of energy usage through smart building design, such as:

o Building orientation
o Low energy heating, ventilation and air conditioning
o Faade construction materials with high thermal mass or high levels of
thermal insulation
o Use of low embodied energy building materials (ie materials which are
not energy intensive to manufacture)
Operational modification
o Encourage energy efficiency through the use of low energy electrical
appliances (5 star rated), low energy lighting, timer switches and other
similar technologies
Water usage reduction techniques include:
Provision of services, such as:

o Recycling of grey water (toilet and urinal flushing, irrigation, etc)
o Water catchment
o Sewage treatment
Selection of fittings
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o Encourage water usage efficiency through the use of low flow devices
(AAA rated showerheads and taps) and dual flush toilets for example.
Environmental issues related to the biological features of the area including flora
and fauna have not been addressed in this report.
This report represents the first step in setting a minimum standard for the
development in order to achieve its aim as a sustainable community facility.
1.3 APPROACH
The report highlights areas that should be considered for incorporation into the
design. The strategy proposed in developing a low greenhouse gas and water
consumption solution will be to build on the fundamentals of sustainable design.
Getting the fundamental concepts correct before applying high technology to
reduce energy consumption will be the prime objective. The following diagram
demonstrates the importance of building on a solid base the various strategies to
achieve a low GHG emission target and low water usage target.
Power
Generation
Building Services
Building Envelope
Building Form
Site
2.0 SUSTAINABILITY CONCEPTS
2.1 SITE WIDE CONCEPTS
2.1.1 General
This section provides details of initiatives that could be implemented to improve the
general building aspect. It deals with site ecology, microclimate, landscaping and
water runoff. Incorporation of these features into the holistic building design will
provide an environmentally friendly landscape surrounding the proposed
development. Many of these issues have been dealt with at a macroscopic level
during the master planning stage of the project, however, consideration should be
given to site conditions throughout the design process.
2.1.2 Maintain or Improve Site Ecology

Wherever possible the existing ecology such as natural contours, existing trees,
creeks, birdlife, should be retained. Where environments have previously been
removed or otherwise interfered with efforts should be made to reinstate and
rehabilitate. During construction, excavation should be minimised and landscaping
should use species of flora indigenous or complimentary to the existing site.
7 Nov. 11
These strategies reduce the environmental impact of the development on the sites
flora and fauna.
2.1.3 Bioswales
Bioswales could be used to collect and absorb water into the ground or as part of a
rainwater harvesting strategy insteadof discharging into the adjacent stormwater
system.
2.1.4 Porous Hard Surfaces

Consideration should be given to maximising the area of porous hard surfaces.
Porous hard surfaces will minimise the amount of rainwater run-off thereby
reducing the amount of discharge into the stormwater system.
2.2 BUILT FORM
2.2.1 General
This section details initiatives that should be taken when designing the form and
aspect of the buildings. These issues have been dealt with at the master planning
stage of this project, however, consideration should be given to these issues
during the entire design phase as the form and aspect of the building influences
the various strategies that may be implemented for energy reduction.
2.2.2 Orientation
The building has been orientated to take advantage of free solar heating during the
winter months and minimise solar gain to the west faade when the sun is low over
the horizon in the summer months.
2.2.3 Building Form

With a view to minimising solar penetration to the east and west facades, the
building form has been elongated in the north-south direction, providing shorter
east and west faades.
2.3 BUILDING ENVELOPE
2.3.1 General
This section of the report deals with the building fabric and envelope. The following
strategies are suggested.
2.3.2 Shading
The east and west faade should be fully shaded from low sun in summer. This
has been achieved in the west by locating the foyer and crche on the western
facade and arranging the building with an ideal aspect and orientation to the North.
The Northern facade has been provided with shading to prevent solar penetration
during the summer months and promote solar penetration during winter months,
taking care not to allow direct sunlight to fall on the pool water surface.
2.3.3 Insulation
For all air conditioned and heated areas thermal insulation will be provided to walls
and ceilings in accordance with the BCA Section J. The thermal insulation assists
in reducing the convective and conductive loses from the air conditioned and
heated spaces.
2.3.4 Roof and Faade Colour

Selection of white or light coloured high emissivity materials for roofs and walls will
reduce the absorption of solar heat in summer
7 Nov. 11
White or light coloured (not reflective) materials should be provided to all external
walls and roofs.
2.3.5 High Performance Glazing

High performance low emissivity glazing will be provided, to minimise heat loss
and heat gain to the internal heated and air conditioned zones. Low E glazing
incorporating a coating within a laminate is ideal to reduce radiant heat loss from
the pool hall. The use of high performance glazing will also contribute to
condensation control in winter.
2.3.6 Operable Windows

Operable windows allow pool spaces to open and close for natural ventilation.
Operable windows will be designed to maximise the capturing of natural breezes in
summer, yet provide protection from wet weather. Consideration should be given
to vertical axis window openings to facilitate capturing of breezes.
2.3.7 Daylighting
Effective natural lighting techniques can reduce not only the annual lighting energy
consumption significantly but they can also assist in reducing the air conditioning
load.
It is proposed that abundant, uniform natural daylight from south facing windows
and skylights be provided to maximise daylight.
2.4 MECHANICAL SERVICES - HVAC
2.4.1 Administration Areas

The preferred sustainable solution for any development is to minimise energy
consumption by not providing air conditioning. However it is understood that in
some administration and gymnasium areas, air conditioning will be required.
If air conditioning is to be provided, then the building needs to be designed to

minimise its required use. The air conditioning system also needs to be designed
to operate efficiently when it is in use.
The increase of independently controlled zones will incur increased capital cost,
however, a significant reduction in energy costs and improved occupant comfort
levels will be realised. Ideally each of the various spaces should be provided with
its own independent fan coil unit.
2.4.2 Heating To The Pool Hall

The preferred heating solution for the pool hall is via a gas fired hydronic heating
system providing hot water to air handling units. Air handling units would supply
the heated air via underfloor ducts to supply air diffusers located at low level
beneath the glazing at the perimeter of the pool hall.
Air is usually supplied at between 1O and 2OC above the lowest pool water
temperature, i.e. at about 30OC
The air flow will be directed up the glazed walls and will assist in controlling
condensation in winter
Natural ventilation will provide comfort conditions to the pool hall for most of the
occupied hours. In order to improve the effectiveness of natural ventilation to the
spaces, the following strategies are recommended.
Vertical pivoted windows or vertically bi-folding doors to assist in capturing

breezes and directing air into the occupied spaces.
7 Nov. 11
Combination low level and high level window openings to promote stratified air
exchange.
2.4.3 Refrigerants
Non-Ozone depleting refrigerants with minimal global warming potential will be
specified. R134a provides zero ozone depletion potential but a global warming
potential of 1300 and should be specified for direct electric chillers.
2.4.4 High Efficiency Motors

High efficiency motors can provide in the order of 3% improved efficiency over
conventional motors. Where fans operate continuously for plant areas or internal
toilets and amenities areas it is recommended high efficiency motors be selected.
2.5 ELECTRICAL SERVICES
2.5.1 Energy Efficient Light Sources

Internal lighting will be designed to incorporate high efficiency new generation
metal halide luminaires.
2.5.2 Integrated Daylight / Electric Lighting Control

Where external lighting is provided or internal lighting in zones provided with good
daylighting, additional energy saving features will be employed through the use of
photo electric sensors. These controls operate the lighting when the ambient
natural lighting levels are adequate.
2.5.3 Occupancy Sensors

Infrared motion detectors will be employed in rooms which are infrequently
inhabited such as corridors or utility rooms to shut off lighting. This method of
control is useful in automatically disabling light when the rooms are not occupied.
2.5.4 Exterior Lighting

Exterior lighting energy consumption can be reduced through optimum lighting
design and use of low energy fittings such as new generation metal halide fittings.
Exterior lighting controls using photoelectric cells will reduce the occurrence of
exterior lights operating when not required.
2.5.5 Lightpipes
Daylighting can be introduced into internal areas through the application of light
pipes similar to the Mono-draught system.
2.6 HYDRAULIC SERVICES
2.6.1 Low Flow Tapware

The installation of AAA rated tapware and shower heads will provide significant
reductions in water consumption and hot water energy consumption. Low flow
tapware and shower heads will also reduce flow to sewers thereby reducing utility
charges.
2.6.2 Avoid Dead Legs In Hot Water System(s)

If a central hot water system is proposed then dead legs should be avoided. Dead
legs in the hot water system will increase energy consumption through the loss of
standing heat over time. Dead legs should be minimised to reduce energy
consumption and water consumption. In remote locations individual water heaters
located adjacent the usage point will be utilised.
7 Nov. 11
2.6.3 Hot Water Storage Insulation

Improved hot water storage insulation reduces heat losses and energy
consumption levels due to standing losses. Consideration should be given to
increasing the level of insulation on all hot water storage tanks.
Consideration will be given to providing instantaneous gas fired hot water.
2.6.4 Rainwater Harvesting

2.6.5
Rainwater harvesting systems collect rainwater from the site and the roof and
divert it from the stormwater system and sends it to storage tanks for later use in
the building. Rainwater harvesting can be used in conjunction with grey water
systems to service, toilets, urinals and for irrigation and thus significantly reduce
water usage.
Consideration will be given to the existing below ground pool being provided with
bladder reservoirs to store rainwater. This water will then be used to top up the
new pools when required.
The cost effectiveness of rainwater harvesting needs to be carefully considered as

a separate non-potable water distribution system is required in addition to the
storage infrastructure
2.7 POWER GENERATION
2.7.1 Solar Hot Water

Solar hot water panels are another method of using solar energy directly to reduce
the centres energy consumption. Locating flat panel solar hot water collectors on
the roofs of the buildings could easily supply the domestic hot water demand for
the entire centre and assist in pool water heating.
Based on the demand of hot water for the site, it is recommended that gas boosted
solar hot water be considered.
2.7.2 Photovoltaics (PV Cells)

Photovoltaics generate electricity directly from sunlight using layers of silicon
compounds. There are generally four types of photovoltaic types including:
Monocrystalline Silicon Cells

Polycrystalline Silicon Cells
Amorphous solar cells
Semi transparent
7 Nov. 11
The efficiencies of photovoltaic cells range from 4% to approximately 20%,

however the return on investment is still difficult to justify in most cases.
The current payback period for photovoltaic arrays is well over 50 years and the
embodied energy required to manufacture them is significant thus questioning their
viability for this project.
It is recommended that for this project a token amount of PV arrays be provided to

demonstrate the Councils commitment to sustainable development.
2.7.3 Combined Heat Power / Cogeneration

Combined heat and power (CHP) systems consist of an engine powered by
hydrocarbon fuel which is used to generate electricity through an alternator. The
heat given off by the engine is then used to serve a base heat load on the site.
CHP systems are capital and maintenance intensive, however considerable

energy savings through efficiencies of up to 85% can be realised if there are viable
and matched base loads of heat and electricity.
A cogeneration system could efficiently provide heat to serve Domestic Hot Water
and pool water heating.
One such system has recently been installed at the Annette Kellerman Aquatic
Centre in Enmore by Marrickville Council. This system uses gas to generate
electricity and to provide pool water heating and air conditioning via absorption
chillers. Excess electricity is fed back into the grid
7 Nov. 11

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BEXLEY SWIMMING AND LEISURE CENTRE

FEASIBILITY REPORT FOR ROCKDALE CITY COUNCIL

SUSTAINABILITY OPTIONS REPORT

COPYRIGHT TOMPKINSMDA ARCHITECTS

SUSTAINABILITY DESIGN OPTIONS REPORT

1.0 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................1

The development will consist of:

Energy reduction measures include:

Sourcing of energy from clean renewable or alternative energy sources, such

Minimisation of energy usage through smart building design, such as:

Water usage reduction techniques include:

Provision of services, such as:

2.0 SUSTAINABILITY CONCEPTS

2.1 SITE WIDE CONCEPTS

2.1.2 Maintain or Improve Site Ecology

2.1.4 Porous Hard Surfaces

2.2 BUILT FORM

2.2.3 Building Form

2.3 BUILDING ENVELOPE

2.3.4 Roof and Faade Colour

2.3.5 High Performance Glazing

2.3.6 Operable Windows

2.4 MECHANICAL SERVICES - HVAC

2.4.1 Administration Areas

If air conditioning is to be provided, then the building needs to be designed to

2.4.2 Heating To The Pool Hall

Vertical pivoted windows or vertically bi-folding doors to assist in capturing

2.4.4 High Efficiency Motors

2.5 ELECTRICAL SERVICES

2.5.1 Energy Efficient Light Sources

2.5.2 Integrated Daylight / Electric Lighting Control

2.5.3 Occupancy Sensors

2.5.4 Exterior Lighting

2.6 HYDRAULIC SERVICES

2.6.1 Low Flow Tapware

2.6.2 Avoid Dead Legs In Hot Water System(s)

2.6.3 Hot Water Storage Insulation

Consideration will be given to providing instantaneous gas fired hot water.

2.6.4 Rainwater Harvesting

The cost effectiveness of rainwater harvesting needs to be carefully considered as

2.7 POWER GENERATION

2.7.1 Solar Hot Water

2.7.2 Photovoltaics (PV Cells)

Monocrystalline Silicon Cells

The efficiencies of photovoltaic cells range from 4% to approximately 20%,

It is recommended that for this project a token amount of PV arrays be provided to

2.7.3 Combined Heat Power / Cogeneration

CHP systems are capital and maintenance intensive, however considerable

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