Broiler seminar Bangkok 9-10 March 2015

Respiratory disease diagnosis and control

Introduction

Andre Derkx DVM

Married
3 children

Cobb Europe
Service EMEA and Asia
Governmental contacts
Projects
Respiratory disease diagnosis and control
Functions respiratory system

Upper respiratory tract

Conditioning incoming air
Contamination/temperature/humidity
Production sounds
Syrinx

Lower respiratory tract

Exchange O2
Exchange CO2
Exchange other molecules, detoxification
Loss of heat
Production ATP/Energy
Respiratory Diseases

Viral: Bacterial:

Avian Influenza Mycoplasma gallisepticum

Newcastle disease Mycoplasma synoviae
Infectious bronchitis Pasteurella
Infectious laryngotracheitis Coryza (avibacterium paragallinarum)
TRT / ART / SHS

Marek (first replication) E. Coli (apec types)

Immuno-suppressors

Feed:
(myco)toxins

Bacteria:
Salmonella

Virusses
Reo
Cav
Marek
Alv
Ibd
Respiratory Diseases

Viral: Bacterial:

Specific receptor needed to Growth media

attach
The receptor determines the Own reproduction system
virulence
Needs a living cell to replicate Growth based on nutrients
No replication in dead and temperature
chickens Live time outside the body
Live time outside the body from days years
varies hours months
Complicating factors

Multiple challenges at the same time:

Middle East (warm dry climate)

Viral
Salmonella/Mycoplasma
Asia (big variation in climate but not arid)
Viral
Bacterial
Immunosuppression

Bird density per KM2

Down time (last disinfection first placement)

Now how to make a proper diagnosis ?

Morbidity/mortality pattern.
Gauss curve
Water/feed intake:
Feed Water

Inspection/palpation: use your senses and brains.

Eyes, ears, nose, touch, taste
Post mortem
Set up a differential diagnosis here
Plan for further testing
Without lab testing

On PS majority of diagnosis is made without further testing

Lab testing is an ultimate diagnosis confirmation

On broiler level esp the respiratory diseases

Lab testing is needed to discriminate.
Lab testing

Respiratory diseases broilers

Viral
PCR
Serology
Elisa
H.I.
Virology

Bacterial
Bacteriology
Serology (Elisa)
PCR
Maldi Tof (coming up)
Most of the times, the cause is known but what to do?
The tools we have:

Bio-security
Cleaning & disinfection
Control of movements
People
Trucks
Thinning
Vermin/insects
Farm down time
Disinfection to placement time > 9 days
Density per KM2 (climate depending)
Vaccinations
Choose right product based on surveillance programs
The correct application method (weak point, water versus eyedrop)
The correct execution method (weak point, hatchery application)
Vaccination policy

Sometimes it is not possible to use the right vaccine

IBV variants

Sometimes there is no good vaccine

A.I. subtype H9N2 no good broiler vaccine

Sometimes there is a labor issue in application

Simply not enough manpower
A.I infections in broilers

Broiler complex with several farms

Several farms within close range infection builds up according age
Last placements higher mortality
Infection builds up in a complex
Broiler farms
Not all houses get infected the same age
Unpredictable which houses will get hit
Age at moment of infection
A.I. emulsion vaccination
Sometimes it works sometimes not
Early infection, no effect
Virus already can be found in first week of life
High losses
A.I. infections in broilers

Two infection models

Area build up of viral pressure

Very early infection due to in house contamination

Cleaning & disinfection critical
Feeding system
Ventilation system
A.I. infections in broilers

We need live vaccines which act fast

Live attenuated vaccines

Fast cellular response
Risk of reverse pathogenicity

Recombinant vaccines
Protection mainly by antibodies
Takes more time
Safe
Vaccination policy

Eradicate negative factors as much as possible (energy use)

MG-MS-Salmonella
Immuno-suppressors
Focus on the big 3:
ND
IBV
IBD
If needed in your area, use an ND-AI combination vaccine at
hatch.
Try to apply vaccinations in-ovo/at hatch
Better control and application
The message

Set up a standard surveillance program

Use the described method to make a proper diagnosis

Bio-security, bio-mass and down-time are critical

Eradicate negative factors

Choose and apply the correct vaccines the correct way

Thank You For Your Attention