MECHANICAL BEHAVIOUR OF MATERIALS

3 sks/TL141332
Kamis 13.00 - 15.30

Amaliya Rasyida
amaliya@mat-eng.its.ac.id /amaliyarasyida@gmail.com
Office: MT219 / Innovative Materials Lab.

+6281331659791

MATERIALS AND METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

FTI - ITS
MATERIALS AND METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING DEPT. - ITS

How do flaws in a material initiate failure

How is fracture resistance quantified; how
do different material classes compare
How do we estimate the stress to fracture
How do loading rate, loading history, and
temperature affect the failure stress
MATERIALS AND METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING DEPT. - ITS

Ship-cyclic loading
from waves.
Adapted from chapter-opening photograph,
Chapter 8, Callister 7e. (by Neil Boenzi, The
New York Times.)

Computer chip-cyclic
thermal loading. Hip implant-cyclic
Adapted from Fig. 22.30(b), Callister 7e. (Fig. loading from walking.
22.30(b) is courtesy of National
Semiconductor Corporation.) Adapted from Fig. 22.26(b),
Callister 7e.
MATERIALS AND METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING DEPT. - ITS

Fracture
Fatigue
Creep
MATERIALS AND METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING DEPT. - ITS

Fracture mechanisms
Ductile fracture
Occurs with plastic deformation
Brittle fracture
Little or no plastic deformation

Fracture Very Moderately Brittle

behavior: Ductile Ductile

Whats the different?

%AR or %EL Large Moderate Small

Callister 8th edition lecture notes
MATERIALS AND METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING DEPT. - ITS

Example: Failure of a Pipe

Ductile failure:
one piece
large deformation

Brittle failure:
many pieces
small deformation
Figures from V.J. Colangelo and F.A. Heiser,
Analysis of Metallurgical Failures (2nd ed.),
Fig. 4.1(a) and (b), p. 66 John Wiley and Sons,
Inc., 1987. Used with permission.

Callister 8th edition lecture notes

MATERIALS AND METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING DEPT. - ITS

Moderately Ductile Failure

Evolution to failure:
void void growth shearing
necking and linkage at surface fracture
nucleation
s

Resulting 50
50mm
mm
fracture
surfaces
(steel)
100 mm
particles From V.J. Colangelo and F.A. Heiser, Fracture surface of tire cord wire
serve as void Analysis of Metallurgical Failures (2nd loaded in tension. Courtesy of F.
ed.), Fig. 11.28, p. 294, John Wiley and Roehrig, CC Technologies, Dublin,
nucleation Sons, Inc., 1987. (Orig. source: P. OH. Used with permission.
sites. Thornton, J. Mater. Sci., Vol. 6, 1971, pp.
347-56.)
Callister 8th edition lecture notes
MATERIALS AND METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING DEPT. - ITS

Ductile vs. Brittle Failure

cup-and-cone fracture brittle

fracture
Arrows indicate at which failure originated

Adapted from Fig. 8.3, Callister 7e.

MATERIALS AND METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING DEPT. - ITS

> Ascertain the fracture characteristics of materials

> Fundamental testing for metal WHY??

Impact test conditions were chosen to represent those most

severe relative to the potential for fracture

Deformation in low temperature

high strain rate
Triaxial stress
MATERIALS AND METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING DEPT. - ITS

ASTM Standard E 23,

Standard Test Methods for
. Notched Bar Impact Testing of
Metallic Materials
MATERIALS AND METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING DEPT. - ITS

There are two methods, namely Charpy (a) dan Izod (b)
The difference between them? Callister 8th edition
ASM Metal Handbook, Vol 08 Mechanical testing and Evaluation
MATERIALS AND METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING DEPT. - ITS

which one absorb more energy?

MATERIALS AND METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING DEPT. - ITS

Temperature changes --- Ductile - Brittle Transition

The effect of temperature on impact energy

Callister 8th edition

MATERIALS AND METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING DEPT. - ITS

Impact strength-IS-( Joule, kg.m atau ft.lb)

Fracture
.
Impression

Fracture surface with different temperature

MATERIALS AND METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING DEPT. - ITS

These Data below are the impact testing result of a material using charpy
method. Please:
a. Draw the impact energy versus temperature
b. Specify the transition temperature ductile-brittle using the average of max
and min energy
c. Specify the transition temperature when the impact energy is 50J
MATERIALS AND METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING DEPT. - ITS
MATERIALS AND METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING DEPT. - ITS
MATERIALS AND METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING DEPT. - ITS

CAUSE OF FAILURE IN AEROPLANE

Fatigue 61 %
Over load 18 %
Korosi tegangan 8%
Keausan 7%
Korosi 3%
Oksidasi tegangan 2%
Penjalaran tegangan 1%
MATERIALS AND METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING DEPT. - ITS
MATERIALS AND METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING DEPT. - ITS
MATERIALS AND METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING DEPT. - ITS

Mechanical Properties we can evaluate from

fatigue test

Fatigue Limit
Fatigue strength
Fatigue life
MATERIALS AND METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING DEPT. - ITS
MATERIALS AND METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING DEPT. - ITS
MATERIALS AND METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING DEPT. - ITS

FATIGUE Based on
environmental effect

Thermal Fatigue
Corrosion Fatigue
MATERIALS AND METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING DEPT. - ITS
MATERIALS AND METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING DEPT. - ITS

TASK 2

STUDY CASE IMPACT AND FATIGUE