DGC Excitation

For the
GE Alterrex Excitation System
System Description
 DGC Excitation - GE Alterrex Excitation System
System Description

Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS 2
1.0 DOCUMENT SCOPE 4
2.0 INTRODUCTION 4
3.0 SCOPE OF THE RETROFIT 4
3.1 Regulator 4
3.1.a Control Room Interfaces 4
3.1.b Annunciation 4
3.1.c Machine Trip 5
3.1.d Mechanical 5
3.1.e Disconnect Switches 5
3.1.f Boost CT Circuits 5

3.2 Diode Bridges 5

3.3 Generator Protection 5
4.0 DGC EXCITATION SYSTEM COMPONENTS 6
4.1 Operator Interfaces 6
4.1.a Field Breaker (41E/CS) 6
4.1.b Regulator Mode (90/CS) 6
4.1.c Voltage Adjuster (90V/CS) 6
4.1.d Base Adjuster (70BCS) 7
4.1.e Operational Differences 7

4.2 Start / Stop Logic 7

4.2.a Start Sequence 7
4.2.b Stop Sequence 7

4.3 Digital Generator Controller 8

4.3.a Single-Board Computer (SBC) 8
4.3.b Analog and Digital I/O Unit (ADIOU) 8
4.3.c I/O Interface Control Unit (IOICU) 8
4.3.d VME Power Supply 8
4.3.e Network Hub Module 8
4.4 Base Adjuster 8
4.5 Firing Subsystem 9
4.5.a Firing Circuit Cards 9
4.5.b Firing Circuit Auctioneering Board 9
4.5.c Pulse Amplifier Card(s) 9
4.5.d Firing Circuit Power Supplies 9

4.6 Power Subsystem 10

4.6.a Alternator Field Breaker (41E) 10
4.6.b Excitation Source Transformer 10

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4.6.c SCR Bridge Panel 10

4.6.d Stabilizing Current Circuit 10

4.7 Alternator Field Flashing 10

4.8 Alternator Field Protection 10
4.9 Generator Field Protection 11
4.9.a Transient Voltage Surge Suppression 11
4.9.b Shaft Voltage Suppression 11
4.9.c Continuous Field Ground Detector 11

4.10 Intelligence Inputs and Transducers 11

4.11 Cubicle Arrangement 11
4.11.a Cubicle 1 12
4.11.b Cubicle 2 12
4.11.c Cubicle 3 12
4.11.d Cubicle 4 13

5.0 DGC EXCITATION SYSTEM OPERATION 13

5.1 Characteristics 14
5.2 Compensators 14
5.3 Limiters 14
5.4 Protection Software 15
6.0 REFERENCE DOCUMENTATION 15
6.1 Product Instruction Leaflets (PIL) 15
6.2 Configuration Reports 15
6.2.a Installation Configuration Report 15
6.2.b I/O Point Configuration Report 15
6.2.c Alarm Configuration Report 15
6.2.d PAR Settings Report 15
6.3 System Drawings 16
6.4 Training Class Offerings 16
6.4.a DGC Technology Class 16
6.4.b DGC Software Application Class 16

7.0 APPENDIX A: COMPONENT EQUIVALENCY 17

7.0 APPENDIX A: COMPONENT EQUIVALENCY CONT 18
8.0 APPENDIX B: EXCITATION SYSTEM OVERVIEW BLOCK DIAGRAM 19
9.0 LEGAL NOTICE 20

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1.0 Document Scope

This document describes the various aspects of retrofitting the GE Alterrex Excitation System with
Emersons DGC Excitation System, including discussion of the following topics:
Scope of the Retrofit
Equipment arrangement and functions
Operating Modes and Limiting and Protective Features

2.0 Introduction
The GE Alterrex system is the most widely utilized excitation system for GE large steam turbine
generators. In the Alterrex scheme, the energy for excitation of the generator field is derived from
the turbine using a self excited shaft driven alternator.
The AC output of the alternator is rectified by a set of water cooled diode bridges with the resultant
DC being supplied to the generator field through brushes and collector rings. Each rectifier bridge
supports approximately 1500 ADC, as such, the number of rectifier bridges range from three to six
depending on the excitation requirements of the generator.
The magnitude of the generator field current is determined by the output voltage of the alternator,
which is controlled by the voltage regulator. The voltage regulator modulates alternator field current
to control either generator terminal voltage (Auto) or generator field current (Manual) as selected by
the operator.

3.0 Scope of the Retrofit

The scope of the Alterrex retrofit can be subdivided into three discreet areas of concern: the voltage
regulator, the diode bridges and the generator protection circuits. Each of these areas is mutually
exclusive and can be retrofitted independently.

3.1 Regulator
When retrofitting the Alterrex voltage regulator, the standard approach is to retain and reuse the
original four cubicles. This allows the field wiring terminal blocks in Cubicles 1 and 4 (TB-R) to be
re-used, which permits all field wiring to remain in place undisturbed. The internal panel mounted
components of the existing regulator are nearly all removed and discarded. Cubicle lighting and
convenience outlets are left in place.

3.1.a Control Room Interfaces

When retrofitting the voltage regulator, three of the four operators interfaces in the control
room are reused as they exist. No wiring changes or additional devices are mandatory.
However, Emerson recommends replacement of the Regulator Mode switch from a two
position switch to a three position switch and addition of a third operating mode indicator.

3.1.b Annunciation
Some of the annunciator points are replicated by the new regulator, whereas others are
converted to alarm DGC related conditions such as a regulator trouble alarm. The
customer may choose which alarm conditions are implemented using the existing wiring.

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3.1.c Machine Trip

The DGC provides a generator trip output, which is not normally found in the Alterrex
design. Emerson recommends that the customer integrate this output into the existing plant
lockout scheme to take advantage of the generator protective features provided with the
DGC.

3.1.d Mechanical
The new regulator is delivered on panels, custom designed to bolt onto the existing Unistrut
channels in the cubicles. Interconnecting cables among the panels are mostly
prefabricated. Connections from the panels to the field termination R blocks are installed
on site in accordance with a customer specific wire list.

3.1.e Disconnect Switches

The original GE design incorporates two disconnect switches which allow the individual
SCR and boost CT diode bridge power sections to be isolated for maintenance. Emersons
design eliminates these disconnect switches.

3.1.f Boost CT Circuits

The Boost CT circuits, provided in the original design, are utilized only under extreme
transient or fault conditions. Emersons design eliminates the boost CTs and their
associated regulator components. The DGC design includes a stabilizing current circuit to
provide a minimum level of alternator field current, independent of the alternator output
voltage during fault transient conditions.

3.2 Diode Bridges

Each of the water cooled diode bridges are replaced with a new convection cooled bridge. The new
bridge bolts into the existing compartment with no structural modifications. The existing disconnect
switches may be retained or replaced. Replacement options include refurbished switches or new
switches of a similar design.
Each bridge is equipped with a diagnostic monitoring package to provide status and alarm
indications of the condition of the diodes and fuses.

3.3 Generator Protection

The existing voltage regulator cubicle contains several devices which are not directly involved in the
functioning of the voltage regulator. It is Emersons standard practice to replace all of these devices
with modern equivalent devices
The Shaft Voltage Suppression circuits shunt high frequency switching noise associated with the
SCRs. These circuits are replaced with new components.
The Thyrite Panel provides protection to the generator field from high voltage. Emerson employs a
modern Transient Voltage Surge Suppressor to replace the Thyrite Panel.
The regulator cubicle also houses two ground detection circuits, one for the alternator field and a
second circuit for the generator field. These electro-mechanical relays are replaced with modern
electronic relays.

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4.0 DGC Excitation System Components

Emersons DGC Excitation System is a versatile combination of elements which can be adapted to
provide finely controlled excitation to synchronous machines over a wide range of capacities.
The heart of the excitation system is the Digital Generator Controller (DGC). The Digital Generator
Controller is a fully redundant VME based computer system running Emersons proprietary DGC
application software. The software provides all of the features required for precise control of the
synchronous machine under normal and fault conditions.
The DGC computer system is backed up by an emergency manual control mode which provides a
high level of reliability for operation of the unit. The Emergency Manual system is completely
independent of the DGC computer, such that loss of the computers will not result in a loss of
excitation.
The block diagram in Appendix A shows the arrangement and interconnections among the various
components which comprise Emersons DGC Excitation System. Further information and details of
individual components can be found in the respective components Product Instruction Leaflet,
available from Emerson.

4.1 Operator Interfaces

The DGC Excitation System utilizes the existing four control switches to operate the excitation
system. The following paragraphs describe the basic operation of each control.

4.1.a Field Breaker (41E/CS)

The Field Breaker Control switch is used to start and stop excitation. The indicating lamps
show the actual position of the breaker but the switch does not directly control the breakers
position.

4.1.b Regulator Mode (90/CS)

The DGC has three valid operator selectable modes. The excitation system responds with
four feedback states. The feedback state of the excitation system may or may not agree
with the operator-selected state.
The operator has three selections for the operating mode:
AC The system will regulate generator terminal voltage (KV)
DC The system will regulate generator field current (amps)
Base The base adjuster regulates exciter field current (amps)
The system responds with four possible actual operating states. These tell the operator
what the true operating mode is regardless of the switch position:
AC The computer system will regulate generator terminal voltage (KV)
DC The computer system will regulate alternator field current (amps)
Base The Base adjuster will regulate alternator field current (amps)
Forced The system has altered the operating mode due to a fault

4.1.c Voltage Adjuster (90V/CS)

The voltage adjuster control is used to adjust the set-point of the excitation system in both
the AC and DC automatic control modes. The software emulates a motor operated
potentiometer so that the operation is similar to the existing system. Position indicating

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lamps are provided for 0%, 100%. The position of the adjuster is also available as an
analog output from the DGC.
In AC AUTO control the set-point range is typically set for 90% to 110% of rated generator
voltage. AC AUTO is the equivalent of the Alterrex AUTO mode.
In DC AUTO control the set-point range is typically set for 20% to 100% of rated field
current. DC AUTO is the equivalent of the Alterrex MANUAL Mode.

4.1.d Base Adjuster (70BCS)

The base adjuster control is used to adjust the set-point of the excitation system in ONLY
the BASE Control mode. The base adjuster range is from 20% to 100% of rated field
current.
Position indicating lamps are available for 0%, 100% and the start-up preposition. The
position of the adjuster is also available as an analog output from the DGC.

4.1.e Operational Differences

From an operators stand point, the difference is that the Voltage Adjuster control switch is
used in both AC AUTO and DC AUTO operating modes. Since the unit is typically started
up in DC AUTO (Alterrex MANUAL), then the operators are accustomed to using the Base
Adjuster to raise voltage. With the DGC, they will always use the Voltage Adjuster for
normal operation.

4.2 Start / Stop Logic

The initiation and removal of excitation is a sequence of actions jointly controlled by the DGC
software and a group of physical control relays. In general, the DGC software is the primary control
of the start/stop sequences and the relay logic is the back-up. The major steps in the start/stop
sequences are listed below:

4.2.a Start Sequence

Meet the starting permissives

Close the field breaker

Allow the flashing process to bring the generator up to a controllable level

The DGC takes control and terminates flashing

4.2.b Stop Sequence

Force the power amplifiers into the phase back condition to collapse the field
Drive the automatic demand to full buck
Drive the base adjuster to minimum demand

When field current decays to less than 5% or a time delay is reached, the field breaker
is opened

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4.3 Digital Generator Controller

The Digital Generator Controller is a redundant computer system which runs Emersons proprietary
software to make it act as a voltage regulator. Using the machine intelligence signals, the DGC
monitors the conditions of the generator and takes action to control generator output using the firing
circuits and the power amplifier panel. The DGC also monitors for abnormal conditions and will
take actions to protect the generator including forcing manual operation and tripping the generator
lockout.
The DGC is normally supplied as a redundant system with each channel consisting of four modules.
All field signal interconnections with the computer pass through the Field Interface Panel. A flat
panel LCD monitor is provided for status and alarm indication.

4.3.a Single-Board Computer (SBC)

The processor board is an industrial grade single board computer, featuring a high-speed
Pentium processor, a serial port, an Ethernet port and various other features. System
operating software and calibration constants are stored in non-volatile Flash memory so
that all programming is retained on power loss. The SBC uses no moving parts to ensure
rugged and reliable performance.

4.3.b Analog and Digital I/O Unit (ADIOU)

The Analog and Digital I/O Unit (ADIOU) module provides analog and digital input and
output capabilities for the DGC using Industry Pack (IP) technology. IP modules are small
circuit cards that provide specific I/O functions that can be mixed and matched to create a
system with the desired types and quantities of I/O.

4.3.c I/O Interface Control Unit (IOICU)

The IOICU module provides the circuitry to scale, buffer and filter the signal types
associated with synchronous machine voltage regulators. When configured as a redundant
unit, the IOICU ultimately determines which DGC channel is in control of the system
outputs.

4.3.d VME Power Supply

Each DGC channel is equipped with its own rack mounted, triple output, power supply
module. The input to the power supply is from redundant sources: 125 VDC Station Battery
and 120 VAC Station Service.

4.3.e Network Hub Module

The Network Hub Module provides a hub for Ethernet communication with the DGC
channels. The two single-board computers also use the network connection for inter-
processor communications. The network connection is also used by the DGC configuration
software and optional SCADA software.

4.4 Base Adjuster

The Base Adjuster is an independent modular PLC-based device which acts as the controller for
manual operation of the excitation system. When in control, the Base Adjuster maintains a constant
alternator field current. The operator has control of the Base Adjuster set-point using the 70B/CS.

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When the DGC is in control the Base Adjuster follows the automatic signal to ensure a bumpless
transfer between auto and manual operations.
The Base Adjuster has an independently powered track/hold backup circuit. An alarm is sent to the
DGC if the Base Adjuster senses an internal problem.

4.5 Firing Subsystem

The Firing Subsystem is comprised of the components needed to develop the gate trigger (firing)
pulses for the SCRs on the SCR Bridge Panels. The timing of the gate trigger pulses with respect
to the incoming AC determines the conduction level of the SCRs; thus, the Firing Subsystem
ultimately determines the amount of field current supplied to the alternator.

4.5.a Firing Circuit Cards

The Firing Circuit cards provide the gate trigger pulses to control of the operation of the
SCR bridges. The pulse outputs of the two Firing Circuit Cards are auctioneered such that
either Firing Circuit Card can drive both SCR bridges. The auctioneered gate trigger
signals are supplied at a logic level signal which must be amplified before application to the
SCR gates.
The demand for firing is derived on each Firing Circuit Card as the summation of the control
signal from the DGC computers (CNTL) and the output signal from the Base Adjuster
(ASO). The combined signals represent the total firing demand.
The Firing Circuit Cards are powered by auctioneered +28 VDC. The phase sensing inputs
are received via the Firing Circuit Auctioneering Board.

4.5.b Firing Circuit Auctioneering Board

The Firing Circuit Auctioneering Board receives the logic level gate trigger signals from the
two Firing Circuit Cards and auctioneers the two signals. The auctioneered outputs are
sent, in parallel, to both pulse amplifier cards.
The Firing Circuit Auctioneering Board also distributes the 3 phase excitation source
voltage from the excitation transformer to both Firing Circuit Cards for use as the phase
sensing voltages.

4.5.c Pulse Amplifier Card(s)

The Pulse Amplifier Cards provide isolation and current drive for the auctioneered logic
level gate trigger signals. Each pulse amplifier is dedicated to one of the SCR bridges. The
amplified gate trigger signals are applied directly to the gates of the SCRs through
prefabricated cables.

4.5.d Firing Circuit Power Supplies

The Firing Circuit Power Supplies provide reliable power for the firing subsystem. It is
comprised of two 28VDC power supplies and an auctioneering module. One of the power
supplies is fed from a 125 VDC station battery and the other is fed from 120 VAC station
service. The two power supplies are auctioneered to provide redundant 28 VDC power to
all of the components in the firing subsystem. An alarm is generated if either power supply
fails.

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System Description

4.6 Power Subsystem

The Power Subsystem consists of the components needed to convert the 3-phase AC output of the
alternator into DC excitation current to the alternator field winding. The Power Subsystem is fully
redundant except for the field breaker. The output of the Power Subsystem is connected to the
alternator field brushes using the existing conductors.

4.6.a Alternator Field Breaker (41E)

The Alternator Field Breaker is a T5 class ABB motor-operated circuit breaker which
controls the application of the alternator output to the excitation source transformer. The
position of the Alternator Field Breaker is controlled by the excitation start/stop logic circuits.
Breaker auxiliary switches are used to actuate four auxiliary relays which provide status
indication to other circuits in the regulator and also to the field.

4.6.b Excitation Source Transformer

The Excitation Source Transformer is an 80 KVA, three-phase, dry transformer which steps
down the alternator output by a factor of 3:2. The primary winding of the transformer is
connected to the field breaker output and the secondary windings are connected to both of
the SCR bridge panels.

4.6.c SCR Bridge Panel

The SCR Bridge Panel is a full converting SCR based rectifier which converts the three-
phase AC power into DC under the control of the gate pulses from the firing subsystem.
Line fuses are installed in each leg of the AC supply to the SCR Bridge. MOVs are wired
across each phase of the AC input and across both legs of the DC output to reduce the
probability of false triggering.

4.6.d Stabilizing Current Circuit

The Stabilizing Current Circuit provides a minimum level of current to the alternator field at
all times. This precludes a collapse of the alternator output which is postulated during
severe fault conditions. The Stabilizing Current Circuit utilizes the alternator field flashing
circuit to supply DC current to the alternator field when the field is in danger of dropping too
low to sustain the alternator control loop.

4.7 Alternator Field Flashing

The Alternator Field Flashing is comprised of control relays, resistors and a contactor which provide
the initial current for starting up the excitation system. The power source for initial flashing current
is the 125 VDC station battery. As the alternator output rises, additional excitation current is
supplied by the SCR Bridge under control of the firing circuits. Flashing is terminated when the
DGC computer establishes automatic control of excitation.

4.8 Alternator Field Protection

Alternator Field Protection is comprised of two circuits: shaft voltage suppression and a continuous
ground detector. The shaft voltage suppression circuit is essentially a tuned shorting circuit for the
noise signals induced by the SCR switching transients. The RC network presents low impedance to
the AC frequencies associated with the SCR switching transient harmonics.
The ground detection circuit provides continuous monitoring of the alternator field whenever the unit
is in service. The sensing voltage from the relay is disconnected from the field when the 41E is
open and also when field flashing is in progress.

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4.9 Generator Field Protection

The original Generator Field Protection scheme is comprised of three circuits that protect the field
winding of the generator: a Thyrite panel, a shaft voltage suppression circuit and the continuous
ground detector. Replacement of these three components is optional. Emerson provides the
following devices for field protection:

4.9.a Transient Voltage Surge Suppression

The Transient Voltage Suppression is a passive protection circuit composed of
semiconductor devices which act as an instantaneous current path for high voltage that
may develop across the field during fault conditions.

4.9.b Shaft Voltage Suppression

The Shaft Voltage Suppression circuit is essentially a tuned shorting circuit for the noise
signals induced by the SCR switching transients. The RC network presents low impedance
to the AC frequencies associated with the SCR switching transient harmonics.

4.9.c Continuous Field Ground Detector

The Continuous Field Ground Detector provides continuous monitoring of the generator
field whenever the unit is in service. The sensing voltage from the relay is disconnected
from the field when the 41E is open.

4.10 Intelligence Inputs and Transducers

The generator voltage signal is received from the PTs as a three-phase AC signal proportional to
the output voltage of the main generator. For test purposes, the PT signal can be isolated with a
knife switch.
The generator current signal is received from the generator CTs as a single phase AC current
signal proportional to the armature current in Phase B of the generator with a nominal value of 4
amps at rated load. The current signal sent to the DGC is converted to a voltage signal of 1 volt per
amp using a 1 ohm resistor. For test purposes, the CT signal can be shorted and isolated with a
test switch.
A set of transducers is supplied for monitoring alternator and generator field voltage and current.
Alternator field current is monitored by the DGC and used by the Base Adjuster for control of
excitation current in base mode. Generator field current is used by the DGC for use in the control
and protection software. Generator field voltage is used for indication only.

4.11 Cubicle Arrangement

Appendix A lists the original contents of the four cubicles and the recommended disposition of each
panel or component. Once the cubicles are emptied, the new DGC Excitation System is installed
into the four existing Alterrex cubicles with the basic layout illustrated below:

Block R Block R
41E Excitation DGC
Ground
Field Breaker Transformer and Computers and
Detectors &
And Field two SCR Bridge Start/Stop
Firing Panel
Protection Panels Logic
Cubicle 4 Cubicle 3 Cubicle 2 Cubicle 1

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The excitation system is supplied on prefabricated panels which are sized to mount onto the
existing Unistrut. Interconnecting cables among the panels are prefabricated to simplify and speed
the installation.

Cubicle 4 Cubicle 3 Cubicle 2 Cubicle 1

4.11.a Cubicle 1
Redundant Channel DGC in a panel mounted VME chassis

Excitation Start/Stop and Flashing Controls

Base Adjuster (PAR)

Field Current and Voltage Transducers for internal use

Power Distribution Fuses

Field Wiring Terminations, Terminal Block R

4.11.b Cubicle 2
Continuous Ground Detector (2)
Redundant Firing Panel

4.11.c Cubicle 3
Excitation Source Transformer

300 amp SCR Bridge Panel (2)

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4.11.d Cubicle 4
41E Field Breaker
Generator Field Protection
Alternator Field Protection
Flashing Contactor and Resistors

41E Auxiliary Relays

Field Wiring Terminations, Terminal Block R
Field Current and Voltage Transducers for external use

5.0 DGC Excitation System Operation

Drawing BLK01 illustrates the basic excitation scheme as it is configured for retrofit of the GE
Alterrex excitation system. Further details of the individual components are provided after the
description of the basic operation.
Emersons DGC excitation system consists of a redundant Digital Generator Controller (DGC)
driving two redundant 300 amp power amplifiers. Manual back-up control of the power amplifiers is
provided by the base adjuster.
The operator initiates excitation using the 41E control switch on the bench board. If the starting
permissives are satisfied, the start/stop logic closes the field breaker (41E) and initiates the flashing
start-up sequence.
The alternator field flashing subsystem begins the start-up process by supplying approximately 15
amps of 125 VDC station battery current to the alternator field to initiate excitation. As the alternator
output rises in response to the application of field current, the firing subsystem rectifies the
alternator output into DC and feeds it into the alternator field, supplementing the battery current.
The additional current in the alternator field causes the alternator output to rise further. The
regenerative process continues until the alternator output has reached a nominal level where
automatic control of excitation by the DGC takes over. Once the DGC is in control of excitation, the
flashing subsystem is de-energized.
With the alternator at a nominal output voltage, the alternator is supplying a fraction of its output
power to the excitation system through the closed field breaker and the excitation source
transformer. The transformer steps down the three-phase AC alternator output voltage and
supplies it to the power amplifier panel.
The power amplifier rectifies the three-phase AC into a variable DC under the control of the firing
circuit. The firing circuit receives its demand for excitation as the sum of the signals from the DGC
and the base adjuster.
The DC output of the power amplifier is supplied to the field winding of the alternator through the
existing brushes and slip rings. Isolation transducers provide a measure of alternator field current
to the DGC for use in the control and protection software. One of the transducers also provides a
measure of the alternator field current to the base adjuster.
The magnitude of the alternator field current determines the output voltage of the alternator
armature. The alternator output is rectified by the fixed diode bridges and is supplied to the main
generator field through the existing brushes and slip rings. Isolation transducers provide a measure
of generator field voltage and current for indication in the control room or plant computer.

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The magnitude of the generator field current determines the output voltage and VAR loading of the
main generator armature. The generator armature output voltage and current values are fed back
to the DGC through test switches for use in the control and protection software.
The DGC is the automatic controller for generator voltage. The operating mode of the DGC is
selected by the operator using the regulator mode control switch (90CS). The available modes are
AC AUTO, DC AUTO and base control. The DGC provides contacts to indicate the actual operating
mode to the lamps on the bench board.
When the system is in the AC AUTO control mode, the plant operators establish a desired
generator output voltage using the voltage adjuster control switch (90V/CS). The DGC compares
the desired output voltage the actual generator output voltage (PT) and sends a demand signal to
the firing and power circuits to adjust excitation accordingly.
If the excitation system is in DC AUTO control mode, the plant operators establish a desired level of
field current using the voltage adjuster (90V/CS). The DGC compares the desired alternator field
current to the actual alternator field current and sends a demand signal to the firing and power
circuits to adjust excitation accordingly.
While in AC or DC automatic modes, the base adjuster follows the automatic signal and adjusts its
own output to carry the excitation demand, keeping the output of the DGC near zero. Thus, should
the DGC be unable to properly control, the base adjuster takes over with minimal disturbance in the
generator output voltage.
If the computer system is incapable of controlling in the AC or DC automatic modes, the DGC
rejects to BASE mode. In BASE mode, the output from the DGC is held at zero and the base
adjuster actively controls alternator field current. Under these contingency circumstances, the
operator is responsible for controlling the generator output voltage using the base adjuster control
switch (70B/CS).

5.1 Characteristics
The controller is a proportional plus integral controller with transient gain reduction (TGR) via rate
feedback. The control algorithm also incorporates High Initial Response (HIR) contribution. All
parameters are tunable.
The controlled variable is normally generator voltage (AC) or field current (DC). VAR and power
factor control modes are available but require an additional control switch to implement.

5.2 Compensators
The software incorporates real and reactive current compensation features to accommodate load
sharing and line compensation when needed.

5.3 Limiters
Three excitation limiter functions are incorporated into the DGC control software. Each limiter is
normally enabled but may be disabled at the customers discretion. The limiters act by modifying
the controllers output to keep the operator from exceeding the generators operating limits.

Maximum Excitation (MXL or OEL)

Volts/Hz Limiter (VHL)
Minimum Excitation Limiter (MEL)

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5.4 Protection Software

The DGC is provided with three protection features: Over Excitation Protection (OXP), Volts/Hz
Protection (VHP) and Minimum Excitation Protection (MEP). Each of the functions is capable of
tripping the generator to protect it from damage. All three features are available but they may be
individually disabled if not required or desired.

Over Excitation Protection (OXP)

Volts/Hz Protection (VHP)

Minimum Excitation Protection (MEP)

6.0 Reference Documentation

Emerson supplies several different types of documents that are specific to each installation. The
types of documentation are described below.

6.1 Product Instruction Leaflets (PIL)

Product Instruction Leaflets (PIL) are generic documents which describe the functions, design,
assembly and characteristics of a component, panel or subassembly. In general, any Eemrson
product that is assigned a Product ID will have an associated PIL.

6.2 Configuration Reports

The Configuration Reports define the configuration and calibration of the excitation system. Three
of the four configuration reports are associated with the DGC software. The PAR configuration
report is associated with the programmable adjuster.
Configuration reports are living documents. The supplied versions of the configuration reports are
accurate at the time of system commissioning.

6.2.a Installation Configuration Report

The Installation Configuration Report defines all of the adjustable characteristics of the
DGC software such as limiting and protection set-points, adjuster ranges, controller gains
and time constants, etc.

6.2.b I/O Point Configuration Report

The I/O Point Configuration Report defines the interface between hardware and software
and the scaling of the input and output signals.

6.2.c Alarm Configuration Report

The Alarm Configuration Report defines the actions that will occur upon generation of an
internal alarm condition.

6.2.d PAR Settings Report

The PAR Settings Report records the final settings of the two daughter boards in the PAR
and the analog back-up source setting.

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6.3 System Drawings

The System Drawings provide the detailed information on the as-built installation and wiring of the
excitation system. Types of drawings included for this system include:
Index Drawing Listing of all applicable Emerson drawings
Block Diagram Overview of the excitation system

Schematics Schematic representation of all circuitry and interconnections

Cabinet Layout and Wiring Diagrams Details of equipment placement and terminations

6.4 Training Class Offerings

Emerson offers several training classes associated with the DGC to provide plant personnel with
the knowledge and skills to maintain the DGC.

6.4.a DGC Technology Class

This class is targeted to I&C and System Engineering personnel who will be the first responders to
an issue with the DGC. It covers the technology of the hardware, the details of the system
arrangement, documentation, drawings and schematics and wiring and the use of the PC based
troubleshooting and diagnostic tools. The class includes demonstration and hands-on time for the
students with a DGC training machine (Emersons portable DGC) to practice using each of the
diagnostic tools.
Duration: 4.5 days

6.4.b DGC Software Application Class

This class is targeted to System Engineers and principle I&C Technicians who will have primary
responsibility for the DGC. The class will focus on the application software, calibration and tuning
techniques.
The class includes hands-on time for each student with a DGC training machine (Emersons
portable DGC) to practice using each of the calibration and tuning tools.
Emersons portable training DGC system capabilities include real-time simulation of the generators
responses to provide meaningful practice on tuning the regulator software.
Duration: 4.5 days

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7.0 Appendix A: Component Equivalency

Component Disposition Equivalent Location

AC Regulator Panel Demolish Software Function 1F
Active-Reactive Current Compensator Panel Demolish Software Function 1F
DC Regulator Panel Demolish Software Function 1F
De-Excitation Relay Panel (41A) Demolish Software Function 1F
Exciter Field Current Limit Panel Demolish Software Function 1F
Ground Detector, Exciter Field Demolish Replaced w/ new 1F
Ground Detector, Generator Field Demolish Replaced w/ new 1F
Reactive Current Compensator Panel Demolish Software Function 1F
Resistor Panel, DC Regulator Demolish Software Function 1F
Resistor Panel, AC Regulator Demolish Software Function 1F
Transfer Panel Demolish Software Function 1F
URAL Panel Demolish Software Function 1F

Automatic Tracking Panel Demolish Software Function 1R

DC Control Panel Demolish Software Function 1R
Maximum Excitation Limit Panel Demolish Software Function 1R
Motor Operated Adjuster, AC Demolish Software Function 1R
Motor Operated Adjuster, DC Demolish Base Adjuster 1R
Terminal Block R Retain Reuse 1R
Volts/Hz Panel (Protection) Demolish Software Function 1R

Boost CT Bridge Demolish Minimum Current Limiter 2F

Boost CT Resistors and Thyrites Demolish Minimum Current Limiter 2F
Disconnect Switch (R1SW) Demolish Not Required 2F
Exciter Field Current Limit CT Panel Demolish Transducers 2F
Metering Shunt Demolish Replace w/new 2F
SCR Firing Circuits (1RRCB-6RRCB) Demolish New Firing Ckts 2F
SCR Monitoring Panel Demolish NA 2F
SCR Rectifier Section Demolish 300 Amp Bridge 2F

Boost CT Bridge Demolish Minimum Current Ckt 2R

Boost CT Resistors and Thyrites Demolish Minimum Current Ckt 2R
Disconnect Switch (R2SW) Demolish Not Required 2R
Exciter Field Current Limit CT Panel Demolish Replace w/ transducer 2R
Metering Shunt Demolish Replace w/new 2R
SCR Firing Circuits (1RRCB-6RRCB) Demolish New Firing Ckts 2R
SCR Monitoring Panel Demolish Function of Firing Cards 2R
SCR Rectifier Section Demolish 300 Amp Bridge 2R

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7.0 Appendix A: Component Equivalency Cont

Component Disposition Equivalent Location

Exciter Phase Unbalance Panel Demolish - 3F
RI Transformer A Demolish Replace w/ single 3F
Voltage Balance Panel (60) Demolish Software Function 3F

Current Transformer Panel Demolish Transducers 3R

RI Transformer B Demolish Omitted 3R

41E Exciter Field DC CB, Aux Switch, Pos Sw. Demolish AC Breaker 4F
Instrument Transducers, DCPT & DCCT Demolish Replace 4F
Relay Panel (41E AUX, 74AC, 74DC) Demolish Replace w/ new 4F

Field Flashing Panel Demolish Replace w/ new 4R

Shaft Voltage Suppression Panel, Exciter Demolish Replace w/ new 4R
Shaft Voltage Suppression Panel, Generator Demolish Replace w/ new 4R
Thyrite Panel, Generator Field Demolish Replaced by new TVSS 4R

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8.0 Appendix B: Excitation System Overview Block Diagram

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9.0 Legal Notice

The document is the property of and contains proprietary information owned by Emerson Process
Management Power & Water Solutions, Inc. and/or its affiliates, subcontractors and suppliers
(collectively, Emerson). It is transmitted in confidence and trust, and the user agrees to treat this
document in strict accordance with the terms and conditions of the agreement under which it was
provided.

The text, illustrations, and images included in this overview are intended solely to explain the retrofit
overview solution. Due to the many variables associated with specific uses or applications,
Emerson cannot assume responsibility or liability for actual use based upon the data provided in
this document.

No patent or other intellectual property liability is assumed by Emerson with respect to the use of
circuits, information, equipment, or software described in this document.

No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any
form or by any means, including electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise
without the prior express written permission of Emerson Process Management Power & Water
Solutions, Inc.

The Emerson logo is a trademark of Emerson Electric Co. Ovation is a trademark of Emerson
Process Management Power & Water Solutions, Inc. All other marks are properties of their
respective owners.

Copyright 2011 Emerson Process Management Power & Water Solutions, Inc. All rights reserved.
Emerson Process Management
Power & Water Solutions, Inc.
200 Beta Drive
Pittsburgh, PA 15238
USA

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