Professional Documents
Culture Documents
9"999999"000809'
G O V E R N M E N T OF I N D I A
NEW DELH
ACC. NO
1 2 7 4 2
CALL NO.
S a 8 S
O.G.A. 79
1*f
4
ft
THE
aw
BHARTRHARL
BY
6
Author of Higher Sanskrt Grammar $fc. $c.
T H KEVISSD EDITION".
it*
G o p a l N a r a y e n & Co.
BOMBAY
(All Rights Beserved by the Author.)
Bombay*
H P '
"in HI
^
1
11
_ , * JH ^ m
1 imni m r 1 '"
1
^
its
INTRODUCTION.
T H E POEM A N D T H E ATTXHQB*
The little volume now offered to the pnblic contains two of
the three S'aiakas of Bhartrhari, one of the celebrated poets
<af ancient India, Of the Hiatory of the poem or of its author
very little is known that is authentic. The only circumstances
in the life of Bhartrhari that we h o w have been handed
down by traditions and the various aooounts that these give
-can hardly be reconciled. Bhartrhari is traditionally repre-
sented as belonging to the Royal house of Ujjain j and though.
,he was entitled to the crown, he is said to have abdicated i t
in favour of his younger brother Vikrama, the founder of the
"Samvat Era, as he was disgusted with wordly life on account
of the discovery of his wife's infidelity* and retired to the forest
wishing to lead an ascetic's life- Be that as i t may. One fact
appears to be incontrovertibly true from the general tenor
of the Saiakas that Bhartrhari must have met with sore disap-
pointment in life, and his faith in the virtue of women was
perhaps shaken by certain bitter experiences in his own life or
of those he had around. We give below the different accounts
of him as found in different works, ( i ) I n one Ms. the name ot
Bhartrhari's wife, mentioned in connection with the above
tradition, is given as Anangasena. (2) The Arv&chinakaska
mentions Yirasena a Gandharva, as the father of BhartyharL
>
Tl
i
i
the first and the beginning of the second century after Christ. MJV
T
Telanjg s main contention is that Bhartrhari being the author of
tt&h^^adiya, sufficient time must be allowed to elapse between him
1
an! Fatftnjali for all the vicissitudes' in the life of the latterV
Mah&bTi&Bkya^ We shall show further on, from evidence collected
fcy iir. K. P&thak^ and which seems to be very conclusive, that
ihe author of the V&ky&padiya was a Buddhist Bhartrhari # ^ r
Til
might suppose that tradition places him i n the first kalf of the-
century before Christ.*
The internal evidence as to the date of the S'ataias is f a
very vague and uncertain nature. The S'atakas are inter-
spersed with Ved&ntic phraseology, but this i n itself is hardly i,
result has been arrived at, is, to speak most charitably of it, simply
fancifully. (For further information, see Intro, to Abhi. S'ak.)
may, therefore, be taken as the date of the com me n ce in enfcof
the Samvat of Vikrama era.
* It is difficult to determine the exact period in the history of
Sanskrit literature which might appropriately be called the Ved&etie
age. This followed the Upanishad period and was coeval with the
Panranic and Buddhistic periods. The greatest names of the Ved&n-
tic period are those of Kuin&rila Bhatta, and tbe still more famous
&hankar&ch&rya. Xum&rila is supposed to haveflourishedabout 700
A and Shankar&ch&rya half a century later (though there are
grounds to believe that theflourishedlong before this). The Vedantic
age thus extended beyond the eighth century but its beginning cannot
be traced with any degree of accuracy*
f $he Paumnic age is also the- subject of as much oo^o^Wf *#*
any other period in Sanskrit literature. The greatest name ecmueeted
with this period is that of Vyltsa, the out h or of the ei ghteen Purmm
Vy&sa's name is also connected with the Vedic period ; for he is *al
to have arranged the Vedaa as we new find them. Vy&a may-thtr^
fore be regarded as the link between the Vedic and the Paur&$e
-period*, and to have Jived towards the close of the Vedic age and
marked the commencement of the Paura^ic age* He ia therefore
certainly a good deal older than the Christian Era.
Till
j
Thus i t will be seen that there is nothing that goes against the
4ate furnished by the tradition.
T H E I D E N T I T Y * OF B H A R T R H A R I A N D B H A T T I ,
Bhartrhari has been identified with Bhafti, the author of
the celebrated Bhatti Kavya* As regards Bhartrhari himself
there i s a controversy as to whether the Bhartfhari of the
r
S atahas and his namesake, author of the Vahyapad%tfm are one f
has are not only not imbued with any of the charaefeeri*-
tic that ought to mark a Buddhistic work for the inetti-
cation of moral principles ( for which the S'atakas are i n -
tended ), but even the alleged traces of Buddhism in them
&re so faint that one can confidently assert that the wwfc
is not the production of Buddhistic genius. Nor was Bhatti
# follower of Buddha. He ^glorifi es i n his -epic, the BhatH
kavya, a hero whom Hinduism has idolised. A Buddhist
would have chosen for his hero a oo-rettgionist rather than
a Hindu divinity. So the author of the Wiky&pmMya wae &
distinct individual from either of the authors of the S'atakas
or the Bhattikavya, So the question to be determined now ifi
was Bhafti the same as the author of the S'atakas? And we
think not. I n the ao&onnts of the lives of th*te tw# jMfttUhtfto.:'
there is too great difference to admit of the end being identified
with the other. I f we ignore the tradition that the bwo w*p$, i ' r ' 1
1 ! - ! ^ - ,1, ,-..-...^M *
W . . , ^ . M - < P ^ H . - ^ , l M ^ ^ > ^ - ^ l , . m ^ l ,
M l l B l
tact' the same individual, we find very little that ia common to-
the life of the two. Bhartrhari was a Kshatriya, Bharti a*
Br&Krftana ; the former is connected with Central India and the
latter seems from a passage in the Bhatti Kavya to have be-
longed to the court of Valabhi. Erom internal evidence offered
by the S'atakas and the Bhatti Kavya we might say that they
could not have been the productions of the same pen. The
latter is as is well known, a grammatical poet $nd the author
;
aame time that this Bhartrhari was not the brother of Vikrama,
and author of the S'atalas. Evidently he must have been
referring to the author of the Valyapadlya whom he identifies
For instances see. 100 N. S\ 6 F. S- Mis. &c. " "
f See 81. &c. F. S\ 69, 63, 85, &c.
' ' ' ' i ' .
i is
?
with Bhatti. We have already stated on Mr. Pthak s autho-
rity that the author of the Vakyapadtya was a|Buddhistj and
now we shall proceed to summarise Mr* P&thak's evidence
In brief* r I
, _i__j__Trr_i-__. . - .
* The suspicion that our poet was a Buddhist rests on the authority
of a Chinese traveller, but he refers to the author of the Vahyapadrlya
a&d not to our poet. See Supra, The Buddhistic traces are very
faint and can hardly be detected. See jftfig^j S'l. 98. V. S\, ^r^ra:
N. S'. 1 &c.
X There is frequent reference to Ved&ritic doctrines and to * their
source, the Vedas, in the S'atakm; for the latterlee SL a 6fc,
45, 71, &c and for the former V. & /fat^RJ1010 $Q ( f
1
I
* r
Xlll
But his fatalism, like that of other writers, is not a fataEsm of "
inaction-one that w i l l paralyse all effort on the part of man*
Side by side with fatalistic verses i n the Satakas there are a
number of others which impress the necessity of industry Biu
exhorts his readers to put forth strenuous exertions and toper-
severe i n their work t i l l i t is accomplished.
THE TEACHINGS OF T H E S A T A K A S .
I t has been already stated that Bhartrhari was not a BucL
dhiat. He speaks of the Vedas with the deepest respect, and
makes frequent references to the chief Vedantin doctrines. He
speaks of being absorbed i n Brahma as the highest bliss* He
refers to the method of attaining this blissful position a being
the eradication of Karma, and the annihilation of infatuation
by means of real knowledge- These are the chief doctrines pt
Ved&ntism, and Bhartrhari therefore mnsfc be considered to bg a
follower of the Ved&nta system of philosophy. Here and ttttffe
he refers to Yoga, to the ten incarnations, to the Ganges, and
to the sacred regions of the Him&layas also. I n the Nttiiataka
Bhartrhari inculcated certain principles intended to guide men
in their daily life. First and foremost of the#e is Sol&reflpeefc.*
He points out the value of independence and asks his readers
not to lose self-respect i n the midst of even overwhelming diffi-
culties and trials in sloks couched i n very impressive language.
Another virtue to which the poet draws attention is Persever-
ance. Men of &tm minds, says he, carry to a mm^MMtnk issue
whatever they undertake. A third virtue which he holcb np
lor onr admiration and imitation m Benevolence or service of
cmf Ifellow-men. virtue he iul$&te in verses which
Again Bh* inspires inonr
The students find out the references.
xiv
TO
THE BEOOND E D I T I O N . (1902 )
In the preparation of this Second Edition of the Nlfci an4
Vairagya Satakas sufficient care has been taken to revise the
Notes and Translation as critically and minutely as was pofiible*
Much valuable help was derived from Mr. K . M . Joglekar**
.Edition of the S'atakas for which I feel greatly t&wWW t f |Ip^ f
t
yum 1 v* Q'WWIWI. j ^ci+i<.; 1 wore 1 T*I<^ RTOS?
I L
&
_
-I
r I
w Si
-c^
t 1 1
1
4
t
1 m R n w w *c
I
ST H 3 f ^ T O T I 3T5T ^ sr^^T?qJr^Tci; ^ R g q t i
^^^^
^ n f e f W ^ few; u
^ f % ^ r o i % r ^ [ ( qr, t . i 1> )
t 1
ft'
I
iq?$h
i i
( c l ^ : It
if.
i i
f%: S i f e faff ^ O T ; I r%Tl^T I T ^ ^ ^ r
1J
' J l^ ^ / ~
1
J I
i i
wf^fwiw'inn u
gar ^ ^ r r ^ r f q 1
^ j t r ^ t ^ r M tot q^nmc w \ \
I
rvrs
' Jr i if
-r,(
w
t
k
i
_ _ __ r v
% r q ; i | w : s??q?t i *{&&m. i % ^ q t f ^ R r f S i l : wm
,
i
s i
rv
I I
sqFttfq r * r ?tp& ^ w t f f 1 s r ; srr% *rj
I q>:%: *q$tl * Stfta* I 9T#WRT^T%^TI
#arr
?q 1 q r o m f t <*fa q w 4 : aanfc i I.
fcrat
_ ^_ J 1111 j / ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ t m ^ ^hwjT'^^t^^^l ,
Ha a M *^m!bitimdt^i*iia^^toaa&
^ jsifl^ Trorarr
T%r?mc2i^ ^ftar f^^rrerT iwf i awrr^Fftor
* mm^^f^mU^m^^u^t sire: i,
h
i l l ' r
4 r
I
I I
1 1 ' 1 ' !
r I
^ a # F P r % T x% fcqrftft: ^twrftcr ^ f t ^ f f
1 1
J ? 11
oi^qr - q i r % i \ wfo. W % t .rct 5#THTOL I
%53^r Stm^ qr n I
. ^ T * r w a : 3$ytfrKt> ^ r w m T f
if* film iiim.ii 11111 " ' I'tmmm< i *"**" " ' " ' ' " * '""'' "' ' m i.- - ni-j i .. _ | " ^
I,
w I q f r q ^ w ^ T ^ q g ( v. v. ^ ) ^
q & a * qflqiira tfs i a*?T Jim: ji%o strp \ % v$ ^afaR^r
wfimm. ^ T q q T a : i gupifc
sirq: \ fffimm^i i it)?a-
[ v->w ] ffa ^T^Fas^ i m$$&: mm--1 ^pmq^ 4
Jr
i
"l^t: qJT%^ T * R P q (J
^qif
' i
q ^ r a r ST^cR: {ifcfi%fq
Bremen" ST 5R#sraT u V n
arsn^M^iTi: i a q r ^ ^ ^ w r T *j<rafMqTqTf
-1 1
f ~
ii ' r , *i
> 1 1
ti [ - 1
1 1
I 4- J I I I
li - 1
'I '
r
4
srenfer i i r a ^ TO f ^ t a :
Rn i ^ H ^ 4 y i r q ft^: qfcjjia u
I
-1 "
. M l B v a i i i i i h t t H M M d ^ ^ ^ - ^ - ^ - g . - ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ m t ^ m * i ^ ^ * j m 0 ^ . ^ m I K ^ ^ ^ . T ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ - A ^ B ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ M M H H j -
^rrofT^tes ^ r w l s r c f i % r % % # r 11
,
1
' '
*f 1
i k * \ - 1
mm***ft
1
mim ^
^ i ^ H ^ w f w m q ^ i q q # r
S3
fa ?pqqq 55^R ^qqqfrf l^mwrqig; I qfjfaqqFTT
< i
<
SS^pi%wro: i q % % > q ^n q^ft-
* J
% n mod* * ? T * H u
i 1 1
w r r # * r f ^ *f^$a . ?rao f a n w , v
3K
i J
t
fq 1% i STnfeio
$ 1 ^H^*F30iTO qq?^w*d*ifelrfa # 3 ^ 4
TO-
3&.q<s*ft ftwrfcr
s n ^ ^ f o t f i r iwm q w ^ %a3
q^T qJi^i*KMc2ni
S ^ F R r a n ^ f ^ w i qqqq qc *m qq^sq ^ q q : i
TO; i g ^ f # r # sepiet i ^ f f R II
m mm %q^qr ^ ^ q r ?
5?ra%q: ^ehrc mm
Heft %5fn%g f ^ W ^ r ^ q R T W c T f t ^ U ^ 8 II
qg STOI^ i 4rorawq m i % fqqRu.4m' sreft-
qqn%^wiT i qrq?r
* \ ^ 3s%wm\B$\i% qgwpnfsfft
*nq*. 1 sq^ct: q<tqq^q i qsqq qtqtfcf qis; q^qtq^fci^t
^ q 4 : I 3?3&#T TTlR%qt^ I % R l f g f f e q 4 : 1 fl3tf$Wq: fi=R-
%qr q^HTtlT?^: STR: qrr^TT qig qT ctr: I ^l^qTSqiR: I $m-
RMt q g ^ U
f 5 n c % ^ 0 T S(fiT%HIcTf H^JTT^q^ II II
'^m- vmi ^qiqqt:
1 q^cir 1 w q t qq*f#*cqfn
#5&q | % G*4F3ft f t f cfqt^ ft^qq q?% I fq^lfq SRFRflS-
f W q^ qlqiq^qoiq. I W^f fqqw R6qfqf% qrqq; l SffSrqd ^
Wm, I %Tfq 3 ^ ^ $ I %3R% fflH. II
^ q ? ^ melt T%tf ^ i c q ^ r * ^ i\
s n q c l ^ H ^ W T ^ T c ^ ^ II II
^ I %ateTq|^dqi^l%cq4: IOTRRS^R:I
r\rs
^ c m m f % ^fl'^cT^i mm ? i m t r q ST
N. rv rs rs
qq 3 q ^ q safe ^ p i ^ r f l c q i f w 0
^ -
^ T 4 r ^ q i ^ F c f T fqcfcfS^cKR^JWcJTT: q * $ } I
c
^ F l f t H ^ ^ ^ ^ SrTT- I
^ E T O t$|q q$qqJTT?TT^ Ii \9o n
fqqqq^t: i srfctq^qqr^^sfrcj^qm^ i n
1
l , M
* ~ "' " - - m i l l " " I I I " m - r i - i i i . . J i i , i . i . . - . u i m 1 , J _ __
1 | | | r i
qcPRWTfl q<?5 g $ 1 S^T: J ^ q i q ^ q : *j%
-1ST cf^SR ^qvffRqq: l 3?$ 3?fRT |% HqTcROTg: I fe#
*r^TO3 ?J?m%CTT I
. ci _ ? -N.
3T RHfcTT^l%^rn?cT sfftj: II Q II
y , - - , , , _ | | J _ L J J , , L _ I . . i l lI . Ill u. , . ,
q SOTi555m$ qiqc5PRF% I l^teRSWiqwNprf-
" H n i l l l l H I H . r . i l . 1 . .. I 1
I I '
1
- ^ . ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ i . . - . ^ ^ v ^ , H H**''!W* l I H I ' l l I I . 1 n 1
>'''W***ilW *lM-*-'^- Hi'<-t"-l>-- " W " M l f r l H K f M l l * 1 1 HH'l III B!PHM^*WP^f|||Fp*WHl
1
;
^q: sqif^rfq^m sra^qsfciW *&mmi fjfqi^s: i fqsqkqr
1
4 W l 3 q * i *nte II m
cR JROJ q
cTF^cf^f o T ^ W T ^ : ^ T T S r e r cTr^JfT-
- ^
STOt T^q^[:
*v **** * * /"S
qT?q3 I:
iJ
I 1 ^ q i ^ R I q i ^ T O H T O qqf qq<JT ^zmiKl I
3?q t^qpfl45qqcflcl<.qqi^R: I Jn%fq> 3 ^ Ii
*fapnt q qsjlftqfa mi$t SIRcl ^ T T f
% ^ R T T q i q i i q Renter
ife " " * U-"*- - f j l l l r*" " ~ - " J If**- < -iH'l" H " ' * ' - ' T T ( ~ -
rot n ^
q>q% q&RR?q qjfcTcT
? qrf^ ftnrqtt. * % q q .
3TT?%: 5Rl#qq t <E55T% qqiRT \ Ytt $3T q^gST \
!rc J q>rs cfff^jfqRqr^?w% i W I$T ^ \
q f i^HsqracMTfq qjsqqq w q w ^ r r i
inf q 4 * # arcsr q : q i 3 % R i q ^ * p q tR
^ ^ ^ c f T i q r g r T m TOT I
^5TTfT i q ? J ctqsf g f T O ^ T R T
w iqT w r q r a T o r *^?n?r
n : ^ m$ w%qr ?ri%q? i
c # cfT^r: qTT% sit sr> cri
*m\ mm ^ ? r err qCt err n 11 n
qqq qqrcg i srafpq^ i teqreterc: i ^%~fqdq pqq^sqV
3TT5rW
\ q*.
1? % Jtifamq I
i * q f c r q j d T % JTi^cTT%q; u ts? u
j??q j??? ^ s j m q | ^ T ^ i ^ T f i g i ^ r
m (*rar-) ^ O T r q*ir w 1
f | ^Htei TO?*5|qq^ 11 * * i t
Tisnfsnqr ^ qls ti%qrwqTi%qr: \
^RJT^T Hn%#^qn w ^ * r - ^ q l w r a r t
# c r : w f q ?nmqf t^srkt f n ^ s r # r r ^ i * u
^ r q i %3iqra 3rfi%ciT ^ q t f g r *m: qr q ^ r ^ r q^jsr
g ^ m w c i t ^i^cft qr r%^r ft^flfcaqi *ir^n;: \ 3isqr q q i q r f o
q*q: l^sfey: prar qq qTRtq%: ^ q f%q qq qsrr
iqqq^rq^q ^ i ^ q r w n s r % c r ^ i % i ^ ^ r a T i r q f l f r ^rqr% i
* * - . , . . . . - N ^ ^ ^ ^ , ^ ^ . ^ ^ . ^ -.11 I I -
fqq: 3T'W ^q%cqT3iqT I HRIT: q^R 3 ^ : % f^^T
w f i t w ^ ^ R c r q ^ s f r * era crq: i
r%f T H w r e ^ r 5 ^ q ^ i * r R t T%Tr%cr:
W!TJ ^rtt: q ^ qt ^ R c T ^ r r j i I
W ^ ^ H \ flra W U
i%T^r%^T t * l * ^ % i f r i
i VR\ R 3R^f.
fqq?qqrq q *raqgl<qiqr T^qfq^qql^qg
5T OTTdrq^f ^ % I T 5 q | * T T %
ST*?|* ^TcTRT%W5fqcqTfq f * W
f % # t qit % ^ 5 n c T q srsfr ^ c ^ j q * | q ; i
*=q* rSTrRr ^ ^ q i J i R c T 1 % ^ % II ^ M
fqqqT: *aiqrqq: I fkm qfqilSsgjqRTiq f ^ r f q I !%q!%tqq.
] 3 R ^ t fqs#i qigR: q?3R: I cf T | aTfficqT: $ 3 #
? cTW. 5 ?q%.
fqi%l sfa mt m:*$m\*t m m% qr r i q qMr% ^
qgjjsrq; i q^rg: ^g>: *rq: c^fa $qwr
qfq qwsd #qf% i q% ^ q ^ q T ? asF& * r ^ e f t qqsfrs^-
%Tqrq ^rqr% i <=qq c q w ^ 3qf ir%qjqi?fq srq?g fq:*fiq mm
S f q R ^ %qf% 1 fqqqMf ^qg: fqqi'TT ? ^ 3 ^ q r q q -
^qj^qi^tq^q f^qr . T%%^qrq^Iiq c t W ^ ^ M
stf q^sqfti!% *riq; i g f ^ - q i r ^mm qw % t qfc^ I
g-sq^g^^ (ff^ff w ^ (} ^ gjfcfi^ a
^ l4 ^ fqqqcqTit q>g mm icqrqjT^rqTqTf
w^rr?rf*qi"Rfef^*: ^l??*fr
5? s r m r f % sr ^ s n % ^ ^ s r r a l g ^ q c w
*T3*umi5rqT%iro^i'q ^ r o * 8 ti
^rqTqq%q q^fqqq iffi cR-qrfl^: g<qf%qR#T i%fI55T qf: qqr^ I
3T^qr^ r% mtx%w^mmmmfx^'
t\ *v rv__^ i v5 r\ r\ -v
= E r ^ R 3 q r t ^ i q i ^ q T O r f * qrcsrrcrcT n U
t r q : q*ri?T%^i%cTra i % q i ? % q JTI^T n ^ u
^ ,f ^ c?j^[rrTg-f%5T3:c?fi^rrg fqf%ri^ 1
r T
g s w q T J ? R n * r ^ f t m i m i * r r n $ \ it
^ q : qstefqw. i *nsRfq ^ n % ^ r q * C r q ^ q | > aqr^rqt q^5
q r q 1 q *r ci^qiwq: 1 B ^ H r q ^ q R 1 qiwarft% qfe ^ i r l s ^ i %
^ e r e n w r s q q r q ^ q *nqr w c & q ^ 1 jftqrsiq
^qqqqq m fq?%g qraqsrig q*w *rarjq 1
i q r ^ g ? g r ^ % fqg % T *q?i
i f % w gen: WT??T%rTT: ^ w f t r q r :
qFWgt cT?T%^ ^ ^ w r r a II %l II
gfMr^cfq^ itSfcfi TOITqf srftflffiT: I qfgfr^Tfcqr q -
mf% wi 1 sen: p p . i g^qrarteq ^^tftra sisqiraqr: m%-
gqftq: i w i t sqrq^Tiqar qfqgr sft i qq q qq: \ qmw-
* T aifirqq # ft* W *Rqr ^ O T W O T l *f3*-
qT% fq%ct I ' qf%: * BTRqqq^ I q?g %f%3RTSq*: I IjTjqV
cqt: i qqr%& fqs^rqfqrfq- tor s^^qfct qft
q?T q t T R f 3 ^ * ^ 5 1 3 ^ $ ? W q T 3**T5T U * 3 U
V
qq q j ^ q ^ c q g srif
t% q ^ ? r : q i r f ^ q r - sr^ggqiTcfT f q ^ T SfT t % % q :
S l ^ c i r *T c T ^ : ^ W W ^ c T t *5qn%?q3I t
i^rorTqfsiq^qqgr 3%^TRi W
i _ - ; - - i ' 1 1
" " " 1 1
" " " ' " """ * ' " " ' " " " P >
" - ' I . 11. I II - I- m , ,,, ^ . I I , . -
^rwiTr(*fi^r%f% w r i e r ^ i T p r ^ r : u ^ 11
#qlqr V R % C ^ T stijTfs'mt-OTt 1
u TOL a
^gf?f: fqqtf f^TT; r % W r t W . ^^H". <? qN*r.
"aptfrnt *$H\A qsfcfg
t ^ s r ^ r . ^ srsswq. * err*-
3Tr tetqiSf tfgR: q ^ q qq q qw^qrtfq-rcrr sfa ssqgnrjf
f^fftfcfcr^f^f: ^#^IT5WT%
arirq-:; s^frp. v q ^ .
wrraFcrTs^ zm-- i amra: I ^qq%qgTteq|ti|^fqmriq#.
%tfq?qq: i 3 $ qq: i m&m* mi i
afnpq$Nterai#i q ^ l M q^q tcr
qn#?rr s t q w snrf^Tti u u
X TT # T
S
^nr. 3 qq v wr^o. M q?q-:. \ ^rf qfqw>
v \ ST^TW m\ &qrq T%T \ m$ qq q%T m tor a w 3?im-
^ q^qiq^eqiq^i^ gtmt^fct *uq; i igpol^pww
0
Girls' f ^ l
^ ^ ^ q W l ^ ^ f r q 5TtqTT%:
l = W f q ^ q i u g H fPTOT f q ^ r f %qT%fT l
? qfqqrr?. * i q r qtqr.
<HSSfR%ir fqq% t %f^srf^qT?I[STfqq^<qs|: I fqtT a_f^$pf-
*mqqqfq i ^qrf%cf q gqTT%^ i g ^ r r qr i *rqif|gq JFT^T str-
nn^qjit^R t TiTgn%^4 M # q f q f | T%T% I ^qicti-qq&<4
3?q q j i ^ f ^q^nqrf
cT3 ^5* TO *r R:
:
ironrsRit ^ T O
qrtft %q 5RR^r m^Rofr i 'qsqf ?t% qunarf 1 at f%t% 1
*}$pm PT5R2q^ STT^OI \ T%<tft<J|T \\
3TT qQ'iMWticJ'K: I
S^tj^t^q- g^?q %pq^T =q ricq # R J - qraf*%qr<|
5OTa t
3*$q$ m^mtfct
n ^ c ^ T ^ a T 3 cTriTcim TO ^ c r a q ^ ^ n % r u H
U # ^ ^ cJTOlT t % T ^ T
R ! % ^ q f t 5 E q f r ^ T ^ T qr%?: i H8 U
__ * \ f > r v
wm 1
saqq q ^ q qrerefr sqiqirfTq^ssrr^ M I i
qq q ci^q q cfcq q g qsr q*q qnaqq ' ^ c m q Wr%m% 3*qf
%qt |^qfqrqfqqqqi^qfr3??;g I)
5f 5T t % r ?T 5 q i f e i f q ^ r f ^ ^ S ^ f - t
q*raq35^oi*% qr a^r n ^. n
%3 3qR p q 3Fct:qR<q qqf h 3qR|r%f^: %fsR; spqg^::
a ^ g r M ^ T aqTO%#q mt
r % r % wi^t % ^ f c r 5f^r: sicker g ? ^ u H \ n
qqT<qf 3R: q*qf S?<>i SRqRqM q ^ q f q Bff^TqT mi q qT&
1% o r t w qqgq; qf gqrtq qgr: t e^qr <3T*r q:i^rf q> ^q qlr qra
q-qf%-- q>: s ^ T J m R ^ f q ^ w H
q^qfqq^qq?qqf|qr I qqqftgqr | q^q I
BT^qiRrqqq 3 T W ? r q q r q r i fq%^ I SRiS 5T?q 5%
-nq: i srroqfo sftteagfo qq*rr qgr qql qi%q*qf %: %&f-
^ mm mm *rer% c n ^ r snss^ror
# qr 4TT%3 gaffe w c T f % i ^ ^ ^ 3 *r
n % % c j i srr%r * r ^ r r f q f q ^ q ^ f j n f t n ^ u
;
qqr q>r%q; I F ^ S U R R *rstrq i % q ^ t ^ g ^ q qsfqcj; iqqi ^r%
t% qcqr gsrerqqqft R R gqfq *nq; i orq q m g & c q i R R r qgqr-
r
f f e r u ^ $ R T % STR^T ^ T q ^ f T l
l w *r * * r u % % \ % ^ r f q u v*<
1 mm qRT3F(T[%T% R<5fq qrf% qrq^q fiw^ *wr% \
% 3Rr*q q%stq gq 3?5rf%^[ q q q mm i q % *rrg q.qrfSR
w^qTfq ^qq%qnq i srr^rf gRf|q^q^i \ i%P q^f|q m-
yrfti 9TRqq f|g i ' BTRfrR^^qo' # ^: i ^qq;rcqf g^n m
q <f-PRI% qq W * R fcR fq|^ q>2Jf^qf R * % R f c j f ^ qrq
isnsrriq n
^qiqq^qi^aqiqii w i i l r c q q>g5qoq4: t s n f e o f ^ u
arrgq^gT Sq^RRTq fatmm w
wt^cqr?
-TTTsfsrcr ^ T ^ S R S R T * T R T =T ipfrcr
w ? r ^ q r % R ^ i ^ q sfcrro; i
% w stronger T^rq^qncm^^r-
fer: f% ^ 4 : qiraq^TqflqfTgiq 51% II ^ 9 H
Wei; gqaRsg: i *Fg: i FWT irqraqtw?t qfgq%: ( 3*
gq fqsjqqr^ 1
*fqff%. *
| : # R miwi i asm *H w l^xt % f cT 1 l i t e r s
^ n g f M T ^ q j ^ c ^ i ^ i r f i f i n g f>r^ra[ n ti
3R !5tTfaf^T^f$WR *55Tqt% 1155% I q% ?ffg t
a?f*TR e m ^ l ^ t a 3%iqL qiq% sql T%R: am: qqr l
^m^^^^m^t ^ r q ^ ^ c i r S R T 5 ? J *Tcn: II C \ \\
qq:q.55S?q.RqT|
- _ ~
3
, m. \ ft ^RRqf^, ^ q<RTRqq, q r o q r . _ 3%^.
q qqlaqTt.
W W I
_-M^-__-BBP-p-_p^-_WjlU|_L_|jM_p.l^
?TOFT: #rtfr=?t %o% m^RT^tl^SH** i
i I ' rip'i f l f i M 1 1 1 * - _ I > M ~ m i l, j - - 1 1 1 " ~ i 1 H FP 1
i _ p r ' i p~ - -- - -" " "
^qrqqffci^:
\ wtit i qqrtCi mm* i wf|g ^q& \ mr^mw
X 3Tt q?#:..-!JrSqf-
ft
3T?T s r q ^ f T W
^ w r l r e ^ w ^ a i - ww mim n \* u
q i g W I R WBSTH ct: 3Tftqi#3R qiHffi ir*BiqqJI I
^ f i f ^ t ^ 3 T 5 5 T ?T f | qRT fq^STRT^T% I
^ : ^ q ^ T ^ q s r | T % q i i q i % qf%^i|.%
T % $ r e ^ f t f t s r mm g t f f r % * = r o r ^ m l II \ g n
? fqfStor srereraq. * im^p. v qq:qqrq ^ q r ^ q q q q T ^ r .
;
TO q | q # q t R ^ q f ? l ^ r w r e q q r q n i ; 11 ^ * t . * qrf^r:
tf !
$F%q i^anqq. q_ ^ qf^S qr?*Rqq qfr. ^ gjr. u wqr .
qrg: 53% I SeapR Wt*P$ ^TRcf: I *R*q *R*q I *Ktf$Rr
^TT^rT: g R ^ c f g ^ ^ q ^ q II II
gsragr qrfsgr i T%$5 T^ggij- i sqqrqg T%Crq $fg
gqqj: i ' g t f r ' ?fg *rrqrqrn. i fmim, 3BN: ' qrqqr' # qr# t
^rrqjl^- I 3*q*l3$3TSHSS: qrg: sqgjq grsqsgq^ i ' q%'
3TrqT5rr%r%;: i qfq: t fqtfg: an^ftq qfqgr # 3W:
^ I ^ s T ^ J T%*R i l ^ T r a r s r e r T% cTTq^T:
T% qT a % % % ^ w w t f ^ r # w riq T%^ 1
9
^
^qrqsqm'ifg 9m grmciif^Fqir t q^rjqsi^gr n
5fT% % W ^ T ^ q f ^ ? ? % % ^ o r T : II ^ II
3 # Sffl$ I ITSci: T%# m qq qrSf: g^r. s q ^ : ^ g j ; ^
% i qqr% qq*r% fqqqi: q>r>rr imw $%$\nh g qq
n#|aNT: ql: I n$lf % q ^ l ^ i % ensftftqt I gqf q r ^ q r q -
aqt^qJtr: BTfqqqrqr: I $qqfg qfcffqirqoi qr I ^ q : =qq?:
mi $m qr%$r gqr qqai qr imm srwtor: q % ? b i fktftfi-
T
? Bffcq. ^ p r q . 3 * ^qr^fqqqrqqqT^rTrlrqqqT:. n f*r%q?.
5^ # qrqq; I gq I * W gT^ I l $ g * q q q : f f : cl&qqi qT f%c!F
"%q qq; ^ arrarqt qqf % i 3 ^ g | t % q % # 5pqlqqqr%gr-
q*r ^ r qrqq^g g q?qr ^q$*. i
f5 ^TTcWI?TT ^ SR U U
5RT a r i q ^ q q ^ q ?$q qq m gsqiq^qcqra: I
qrqlf gq ^qmq^rrqiJT, i r% q;i?c<q srrg 1 ftm gq q q q ^
?$q qjqqq qq qqqq # sqg: I!
gftoiTf q v ^ j r cfcf: t% ftfcTJRH^S q ^ i # era: T%-
TOT ^T^T cTci: f% f f e % q w k r f eft qr cRT: f % ^ [
w Her: T% q r e s w w s r r 3 w c r ? e r era: T%
:
l[cqq: mm fTc^RffRiqH. I ^ ^ 5 # t S t % ' 1% q ^ I QTW sq^E
sqt[%: s r ^ r q gq-. f q ^ qr 3?qqr 3 F g q t % g qq%g fq^q m
qqw
m $^mm m$ \& i qs^q q^m,
~ -^qpr w cr^r <
%crf % ^ ^ ^ i * f i f % c T l e t ^ felTfRT
1*5% ?f q^s^CT: T%KT% M ^ T *T %qT3n: U U U
3
qrf%oit qr i f&ffasf w i t i qr%: aqgftffor i m m$
WWm # } t^fqqqRqRgg: q: %^T%s 3TSTf%:
*rei%qq^: % q^w. ?t% T F > I q?q
q*qr
m qtjqrqsfhq^f q^qq^i g?qi^l fqqi%~
T%TCCIT ? # f %
^cqm srgr^ra ^ 3 siqi erg: 1
$*wmmww w\% m$ %HT^T f%^f%g-
q 8TTqg
# q^RS: I f*n eqsT mfa q^Scftrg q qT^ig
qf# f>gJTJ gRgj: q ^ q ^ a p n : q?rj 8?qOT: I 53Rf?IRf sis
q*q sqTg: qgq gq f q ^ r fqqssT: i qgfg m i affiqfq *?qi%iq; I
# f q q qiqfg trqqilft q f g : 1 ^qqfq arq^giqcqq: I sqcrfM
%%gii i qiq^g^fq f g giq?gqtfq g^q q; j q R S H u ? , 1 fwfttfr n
s r a g ^ i ? q i g ^ 5% ^TR^T^TT B#
T W ^ ^ t ^ c r ^ q t sr ^ fir*TOFcl I
W : T%q: q^q^gt :
^g 3TR?qsr#q f^rer ^qpg
^...t - . - , - , , ...
q q%?rfq i%*rfcr i g ^ f t m q ms =q cn*qf ^ q M t q qRT:
?%q: w i n qT qfesr ^sitq^qRST ^q zkfim *s?Rt: qftq-
^qf^^rrrr q=qT%qfq q ^ ^ n q s q i
5T f | ^^TqJTqqTot # t q q j # ? q T r a U 31 It
nifemm qr^jq: *ri% qqf cf mm: \ R?S[rqi qgq s qrsl: qqg
qrq i qq**Fqrsrjeq*rrqTct i qqqfq graf qra Wrsfr. I fqwq'
q^; ^q% 3 p q $ ^ c ! S f q % fqj^g srf%% Tf t ^ ^r^fqqTO
3Krer# q qTffq q*q qqrr% J gsqr^crwiqiq; i qn%qt u
qs%i B i q i t ^ T i a f q f J T ^ r h q i
i i # q f B^OTtqrqr". ?r?T
if g # qr qr.
^RT^:
33TR: * q R % ^ qf% T % T q W fWqr I qgY
Hpfc I fqaftqji f ajR^ f q q q fwiIToRqfq q$R
q ^ \ qqr i qng R^T I 1 : ^Arqftqrq;: sjwfaira: sqr
T^RM ?qqw % r q qs: geft: q q ^ q qq: ^ q m
qt% I q q?rsq1cq4: I l%*fH II
Rt^%^qq^qT%cR
s r q = ^ ? c i ^ T % $iqj<c Jqq: it (1
WTq^q R q f t q i W 3 R q g q ; I R | ^
5RTRT qRRf q f | q q ;
gr?tr q q s ^ q % q^q CR i i%o*q: R:^ qqr ^rraqr fqq^qRf
R^R: q^q g c r j *R: s M ; q q ^ sN^r q i p R q ^ f a R<Rf
^sfq i w r ^ n
cTcft T% 3Sq$TWSRT s t r r o ^ mi i%*3!
m$rr qj-Rprr ^ 5 : q ^ r ^ m r % n R R t 1
3T^S>r 3 t % % ^ % f i W | : T% q # 5 ! ? R tt 3 U
i%3T qjTiTR; ^wrrict grr %q,: 1 srfatfqrfttft ^err%rcRrter
t&m \ 3FR5T isr * I T % ^ SSP& 1 qq ^qi^a; fq*$: f% sjq^srqi^
q r%1qqqfo$: n
^ q % > f ^ F ^ t r r q ^ q ? ^ mcTT^
1' qrs35fr
5
qrf>g Jsqrq^t fq*m:
%*qqq qFRT OT*. cSSST: ^TSffTTq: 3 * I % f ^ * cTT:
R^r^?TficT W H * c T T3HTT?*IT% I
T% TW 5TJJTWTT *T OTT^WcT a 3 8 H
W f q t n T R l ^ f | g f t f % qqqRT 3^TRRRf T%[qR? 3 q .
IT^Tf qqR! I RcRT *TclRT% I fqqTqq{% fqqTq 5 q q q i % | qq
i^ir qwqqqr: flrq: mmt jpqrof *rq# pfjq ate r% qrq q
T % | r q$5T T % ^ * ^ O T ^ ^ ^ T
CTTOCTCT: ^ r % ^ o r w r 5 r ^ t ^ T
^STTOT T%TiqqTc5TT%".n*^:
cl^cT ^ u H % j f q f T T W ^ T O ^ I
* i up.'i ! mmw\ H I I I F H * " 1
H'li'iiw"' IIH w u M m n m U P B i i i i m M m i i H i m * i I I I m i * * "" "
1
n"*i i i i ' i m p m * P 11******* ^
1
i< i " * i r . V l f , t ^ | ^. __
t
%d^i^d^^^^orsninf^ ^ ii 8 3 n
^ qpqqr q^rerc qsr>3H *rgq: sfrrcg: aoie^ft: T% f n T % | % q*t
qj^qr% qreqfa i ^ ^ q5tf%*5 i snqaqf 3fa3r i R q;^-
^A: |rr t q ^ i % 3Rq% 11*pq q ^ flrrcrre raqrenr
*p[T q$*I8* I t : 55fl: qT: 3T3 fcl qq<qqcqf: I
qg: 3TWTqi % i : =q^: qjrqr q*q *T qq?qjr: f%q: I f,tsqg q ^ q ^ q *
q^PTT: ^ i q q q i f g ^ q cmnijg qgg I ^qWtffgr qqfqqrqT
^ n ^ ' c o T ^ i : q^mgmcTTRfr n 88 n
# q q q q t f ^ q m f f q W 3xRi: 1 | g : q ^ t : 1 : 0 $ :
sirwraTO: *qilgq**t -fain %* q ^ f t : S I R $ & : qt^q-
tr% srg^qT qqq^iq qiqwq%q qsgsqfqm g i M q . i q r r M II;
.] ..-i..)..; . T " I T I I F ' T " iir 1 n ~ "
^ ^^fgt^tmmimmtmmmmmmv^mmt****'***!''*'* *" 1
1 1 1
1111
* * * ] in r n i.-r .. . _. -l..._u.IIiiiivn-.-ujjinimJIIILIT:jiif#iM-awiwiiiHii*ivm*^mmmmm*tm^
4
TRANSLATION
OF
NITIS'ATAKA.
20 TRANSLATION 01T
MISCELLANEOUS.
TIS'ATAK .
TRANSLATION" OF
the words "Siva, S'iva" have our eyes flooded with copi-
ous tears proceeding from supreme bliss !
87. Having given away everything with a heart fall o f
tender compassion, and remembering the courses of destiny
having adverse ends in this wordly existence, (when) shall
we pass, in a sacred forest, the nights l i t with the rays o f
the full autumnal moon, the feet of Hara being the sole
refuge of our mind!
88. When shall I wearing a small strip of cloth, and
residing in Yarimasi (Benares) on the bank of the river
of gods pass my days like a moment crying out "Have
mercy, oh Lord, of Gauri, Destroyer of the Three Cities?
oh S'ambhu, oh Three-eyed God," having placed on my
head my folded palms!
89. Having bathed in the waters of the 'Ganges, and
worshipped Thee, 0 Lord, with fruits and flowers undented,
and having fixed my attention, sitting on a stony couch in
the gorge of a mountain, on Thee, the object of con-
templation, when shall I , 0 Enemy of Smara, be free by
Thy grace, from the pain of serving a master having hands
and feet just like myself, delightfully carrying out the
words of the preceptor, living on fruits ( only ) and self-
complacent.
90. 0 ^ambhu, when shall I , living all alone, free from
desire and peaceful, and having for my pot my hand (only)
and for ray garments the quarters, be able to root out
Karma ?
91. A certain path (L e- of Mokska), easily attainable
by the favour of $iva, opens up for the Yogins, who use the
hand as a pot, who are contented with alms which are i n -
trinsically pure, who sit anywhere, who ever look upon
the world as almost like grass and who have all acquired,
even without casting off the body, the knowledge of the
uninterrupted and supreme delight (of Brahman ).
VAIRA'GYAS'ATAKA. 43
with; the dark spot on the Moon was not wiped away, no*
were diseases rooted out; nor was S'esha's burden lightened
(by you) for a moment by supporting the Earth. 0 heart,
you suffer torment day and night by the false :pride of be*
mg good.]
28. My mind desires to go to S'amkara, its scruples in
the investigation of scriptural meaning being completely set
at rest, its delight in poetry full of various sentiments
being turned away, and all the different wild doubts (lit.
expanse of doubts) being totally dispelled.
29. What i f (you have) excellent rice, or a coarse meal
at the close of the day? What i f (you have) a strip of
cloth or a long white garment? What i f (you have) one wife
or a number of them endowed with a hundred qualities ?
And what i f you wander all alone, or are surrounded by
hundreds of elephants and horses?
30 Charity is a cow that yields all desires; a wallet
protects from cold; (my) devotion to S'iva is firm; what
then is the use of riches ?
31. An ascetic, though he has abandoned all desires,
lies down on the ground like a king, having the Earth for
his couch, his creeper-like arm for a pillow, the sky for
canopy and the Moon for his lamp, experiencing pleasure in
his union with the woman called Renunciation, and fanned
from all sides by the attendant maidsthe quarters, with
their chowriesthe winds.
32. Tell me, 0 deer, where you performed penance
and of what name, that ( by virtue of i t ) you have never
to see the face of the lich or to tell lying flatteries; you
do not hear their haughty words, nor run to them with
some expectation, but you eat tender grass when i t is
time ( t o eat) and lie down at ease when sleep comes ( t o
your eyes).
33. 0 brute, how many times and what preparations
of yours, desirous of drinking of the water of the ocean of
VAIRA'GYAS'ATAKA. 51
Wffc$
$5*f ^TRC I Sham. V i L I . 93; also 96. where-
the idea is somewhat differently expressed.
0
The rhetorical fig. here is Nidars'ana (frrWfF? I which is^
6 ?w ai
defined as-f^rsfar 1 3T W ^ R ^ S * ^ OTWR^q^: H ben *
impossible connection of things implies a comparison i t is*
T^^Nf g^fr^cT^^^ ( citing of an instance ). We have here a-
M'aldnidars'ana ( a string of illustrations ) as the zcpamanas or
?
* things compared to are many.
?
S'l. 7. ^RTrT^ t one s command, within one's controL
ft
o
^RT*iI*r rtH5Fci: always leading to one result; hence, never
failing in its effect. With this sense cf. i
^j$\^fc^f^^f%^T.
Bag. I I . 57. *rrefficacy, advantage, arqftrg'cinq*3T acute
intellect, learning; see com.; Nan. Tat,
S'l. 8. f%f^55T: Knowing a little, cf ^FTe^T* si. 3'.
supra. Mr. Telang separates SJ^J 3 T r % ( % ^ 2 to mark distinctly,,
as he says, the contrast with the third line. But this hardly
improves the sense. A man is likely to be puffed up with
little knowledge, not with great knowledge, f|xfgp^TT with
two ( *. e. the mouth and the trunk ), fq^rffran elephant.
f%f^fN&f^ia[When I knew something ( of reality ) every day..
The repetition of f%r%^ shows continuous increase of know-
ledge, the continuity of action being one of the senses of
or repetition. 3Fffmark the double meaning of this word-
here- (1) rut. (2) vanity, arrogance.
S'l. 9. e[TT*roCovered with, or full of a swarm of insects.
0Tl a
fritfNrgiving * bad stench. This is grammatically
inaccurate. *Fsp SPR* gives f^r?^. So to explain the
form we must add J R ^ S I f ^ j : *rwsp ffT'ti: Karm. ^i^??rw.
But this is against the rule ^^rc^p'Tff*ffar ^ ^ r % ^ " r r ^ ~
flffT^fTT^T: 1 No affix showing possession should be added to a*
Karm. i f its sense can be conveyed by a Bah. So this wajf
NiTlS'ATAKA* 7
8 NOTES ON
s
f^l%?Tp. p. of ?gt to sharpen; also Wcf* H^ST^R*F3r i
a spell, a charm, i^pr is its employment for practical purpo-
ses, f^q*ism. and neu. drpsPTfrom ^ H ^ + 3TCT medicine.
#*T: qrr^F: ^mct 3T^um% afafifc ! T%?cT prescribed or laid
down in the S'astras. *j#Fzr &c.~-i. e. for his folly.
-
S'l 12. srrffcsrThe best way is to take the Oomp. as
consisting of three things, vfo. ^rrt?qr ( ^ffcf^r ^TFTi T5T ) po-
etic, compositions, ^t?r music and spgr or arts. See com.
*fRRFPThe verb sfj^is not Atm. and so the pre. p. ought
to be ^frfq\ Bu*t the form is defended by the following rule of
P&n. cn^sOTFT^^^^VJ^v ^TFP^ The term, srpf ( ^ j q ^ a n d
mot ^TFp^) is applied to a root when i t implies habit, age or
a
power; ^ (habit), efpspf f%OTT: ( g$j a young man ),
5
^ I ^ FTSFT* (power). sffgiTFTi may, therefore, mean * accusto-
?
med to live ( cH^tc*? )5 living. ^R^~*fT*r m ^FT^PT Good
luck. gr is added to STR and $n"*r ^rf t . a. without
any alteration of sense.
S'L 13. ^j^may here refer to < knowledge of the self,
or higher knowledge, gonSuch a courage, generosity of
mind &c. t$if:discharge of duty or religious merit. yffi
^re^cTTi burden to the earth. q^p^lFr In this world of
a
?
s^n^c^s^r ^n?f 7^1%: where the real thing ( the matter in
hand, the gtr%?r ) is denied and some thing unreal (the CTPTFO
is affirmed in its place, is Apahnuti* of fk^ffkfw* trjj: Si. 20.
S I . 14. ir$ff~fr. (qspst a joint, apart). -the impassable
place. STPct^ p. p. used as a noun; for a similar use ef
MTIS'ATAKA. 9
Bk. XV". 65. The fig.s are S ^ R R ^ F and fffRRRT (in the 2nd 1.).
S'l. 17. TOFfthe highest object to be aimed at; the
highest truth *\ e. Knowledge about Brahma or the Surpreme
Spirit, q-fo^.see s'L 7. F?^$*fr:Wealth that insigni-
fieant thing (like grass ). The contrast is betweeen trwr^F
and (jffifiR c$g&$ifr- hindrance.
a
S'L 18. The idea expressed in the s'l. is thisA king, even
though angry with a learned man, can at the most deprive him
of his external comforts but do him no further injuryhe can-
not deprive him of his great inherent virtues. a r ^ F M f c - * - ^
a bed. f^tRT^ may mean 'wholly, entirely/ i f taken with
or 'exceedingly, very much/ when taken with ^fqff. g^nprpSf^f<>-
The power of separating milk from water is supposed to belong
to all swans* Cf qtf ^ i t r f t c t w f%w ^^PS^nX*
Pan. Tan. L ^ l W f r fcffrasf *Wf 5 3 * M < f w i % ^ g ^ * r *
NiTIS'ATAKA. 11
See note on glf^rqr s'L 3. The word is used here in the sense of
'natural skill or capacity/ greq^gg ^rg^ 1?^^ qft^PTf^ I
SL 19. an armlet. sB^^rwr*polished or refined
by culture. Cf Kill. % q ^ f q f FRTflRT<ftcT*?T *fT$3T frlfWW''
Ktun. I . 28, where Malli, renders the word *Rq?r* ky s^TR?^"
^ F ^ r ^ J ^ ' ' Here of course the word means more than that
Lasting for ever.
a s 8w e
S'L 20. qppris used here STT^T^T ' i H known'; or i t
9
may have the sense of 'indeed, verily as in qqri T%rt or ?r
STFT W^fR^ Vik. gr^S'vri!!^*The Oomp. may be taken in two
v e r
ways g-^sr qs?r fT^TT y carefully protected, or rpSsFSWtl
W 2?f ^ carefully concealed ( from view and protected ) Cf
f*fn% ^ supra s'l. 16. %ir^Fffr~contributing to pleasures,
from %^4-^+2:: ( 3T ) added fcfr+-^ see com., z is attached
to ^ in these senses:-*TflF$fT f%?rr# ( m^flc*? )> f ''WW
( 3TTS#f**T )i Sid. Ivau. g^cnf 5 ^ : the preceptor of preceptors^
or the greatest of the great. For the Gen. g^utf see P&n I I . 3.
41. ( ^cl^FT'^R^q; ) and Apte's G, 82. Thefem. of ^ is gaff
o r ^ : j The rule is <fmr s t i r e w i ^
1
I V . 1. 44. *3rf^Rt-
qsjTsr 1 V&rt.-Adjeetives of quality ending in 3: not preceded by
a conjunct consonant, except form their fem. by adding f
optionally. See Gr. 319. ^*^t% R|Tr?%fcr 3 * 3 : *
+ 3* Un. I . 10. n^TO* IpT^FThe construction is rather
unidiomatic from a grammatical point of view. The rule of
Pan. is ^ *m*TPf H . 3. 67. Past. p. participles ending i n
?
?T, when used in the sense of the present tense, are used with
5
the Gen.; xwt Tff > WSh 'itfsrat ^T* The Loc. may be explained
as flcfqrfw^ot, TT*n 1^% S;raTcTr or the whole may be taken as
a Oomp. word meaning well ( g; ) respected ( gysrcIT ) by kings
( TRf%: )* ftvffr^Fr: 7^:Oomp. s'l.s 12, 13.
Fig.As there are many rupakas in this s i . the figure of
speech is 3fala~rupaka. A ^qq is defined as Q^qqnr^^rjf P
OT^^7TO*fpthe identity of the grqi?Fr.and OTH*^ is RupaJca
12 NOTES ON
R a 3 1
S'&k. and ^ r f ^ ^ ^ r S ! - STW^RPPT W I Tbi* is to
pay t i t for tat. sp^:politic behaviour; a conduct of policy
an^^orectitude, straightforwardness. ^5ircatiousness,
shrewdness. afctfTOft:stability or preservation o*
social order.
S'l. S3. qff^ ^5p3:a curious phrase. I t means
'causes n\en to be always truthful/ ^T^r^rar ^Tf ^ + ^ -
f^fcTbrings about; lit. grants, sr^rr^f^purifies, enlightens.
f ?
f the similar use of say in English poetry. Cf.
c
f
inclined to take i t rather in its restricted sense of < a friend
who alone maybe appealed to for help under any circum-
stances, and not every good person* The force of srfqf is
then properly brought out. The use of the sing. ^rf^r also
shows that that is the intention of the poet. Otherwise he
should have used the plural corresponding to
.^tt^Acting nobly, keeping up one's dignity. Cf S'is.
tlX. 5. q ^ ^ & N " & 'Tread follow/in the foot-steps (of
e
5
NiTIS'ATAKA. 15
5
wfWTTFSt ^ T ^ f t f if 3Ft WcT the vow difficult like that of lying
on the edge of a sword. Cf K i d . p. 396;
(2) or as Mailt explains i t ( Rag. X I I I . 67. ) m$
Oomp. qp^ may be translated by (1) for the most part, almost;
as icFRHT.* (2) abounding or rich in, full of; asOTfesTRtW ^ T
and like, resembling; as wfocPHtf f%^- f w ^ # l % % ^ t f s r f t
means lustre', fire; hence vigour, energy.
^SpST & - H T T T - intoxicated, furious. SCTgya mouthful.
c
N. N* 2
18 NOTES ON
TffFTRKk n^m^Icj;. When the last word has the sense of the
Loc. the final may be changed to 3 ^ as here, the sense being
tr^fsr * T ^ . See Gr. 274. ^ f ^ r ^ R - ^ T l properly means the
1
8
frnsRT per f C I T *^r%fiT H K i r . I 43, where PTHPTT * the same as
fqr?l%. C'f. also I I I . 44. f^frrfr F". /. which nearly means the
same thing. I t properly means 'change, agitation;' hence what
causes such agitation, offence, injury. Fig, Drst&nta.
SL 38. f f q f ^ ? r P f f ^ *3ratf*r^r *wt erg i w*ar<fr^f
^qxgrfirTff (wall-like), excellent cheeks; the excellence consist-
ing in their breadth or massiveness. JTff%^T^TRrri
,2: >
^Tc?rf%xrr- Ga7iamtnamahodadhi quoted by MallL i n his com.on
c
Bag. V . 43. Or this may mean the temples and cheeks/
f*n% properly moans a wall, fr. fSfpg to separate: a wall separates
two rooms, hence any thing that separates, distinguishes (used
at the end of a Harm. Oomp. ). s?frr^'nature/ a permanent
trait i n one's character; opp. to j%^r%* Oomp. sL 52, last line.
Fot the idea oomp. EMd&saefcrgf f | ^ %m Bag,
X I . 1. and ?fgr?rr w snm^TT r : ^ r c g s r e t i
SL 39. crrfrr^frH' &c.The idea of the sL is that all these
qualities sink into utter insignificance when compared to mo-
ney. I f one has money these are nothing to him. Oomp. si. 41.
.^epyone of the seven regions below the earth. These aio
mm, f%cTc2r? m&, vsim> mm*>> ^iTerer and qmm tfterVir-
tuous conduct, character. I t is a word of constant occurrence
in Bhar.; cf. S'lokas 18,42, 82, 109, &o. a r r ^ T n o b i l i t y ot
birth. Cf Mai. Mad. I I . 13. S&k I V . 18. %ftpTBravery
is said here to be an enemy as i t often proves an obstacle to
earning money. A brave man can never stoop t o sueh mean
acts as i t sometimes becomes necessary for a seeker of wealth,
to perform. ^#%qr &cThis explains why wealth ia desired
at the cost of *rri% and so the fig. is KavyaliQga.
SI. 40. $F?C*rrFTCf?*T is peculiarly derived by Pan. ( V _
20 NOTES ON
c
iFgpTTct where means liberality, giving away/ I t
also keeps up symmetry. Fig. g5^lT*Tcn? T^WTflt indicating the
common attribute*
SL 51.
CT'VqRJRQTwith close or assiduous attention.
SfTlfSnr:sueh referring to ^ I C ^ S T R : i n the above Sloka. A l -
hongh the slokas are not mnch connected with each other s t i U
NOTES ON
5
&L 58. * n g w : ^ *!g^: ^$5" from
a possessive affix added to the words, of the f ^ i n f ? class; see
P&n. V . 2. 97j garrulous, officious, ^ T P T ^ T h e proper form is
*&qjspi$ i f we add srr^ by TFqrf5j^P&n. l i t . 2. 155.
?
Cf Amara ^ r s s r ^ f ^ g fRT?3": . But as the form stands, i t
must be explained as ereqtftft 3i?q:,^fcFcn s r ? W - 3TST*rF*T~
timid, For the meaning of spT5*T cf. <gara[ ER^sfr flfelfPPrarr'
Bag. V I . 20. BTPT^TfT:noble-born, polite i n behaviour,
eourteous. qftftHfHffiYogins have superhuman power by
their practice of contemplation and so they must know every
:
thing. But this is unfathomable even to them. ar*p*r
difficult to obtain success i n ; difficult properly to carry out*
26 NOTES ON
^3p?TPT SWST^; sec note on tRSff S'. 20, The fig, is Upam
mixed with ^ F f f ^
SL 61. T$*X\ &c."Hc^si^ai-those that aie causelessly
enemies; HC^R&T %RtfT; I The fig. of speech here is ^r&ieq:
which is defined as ^qr&sq- 3S%0Tf SPftOTntf P. X ,
a r Q
Here gsc^fc *TT3T f?3pr mentioned as the respective
enemies of fir, tffa and
SL 62. close application, strong attachment.,
#5%^ir:There is S F W here, *p tm: tWT?t
g % : 1 We have preferred the sing, to the plural as i t keeps up
NlTIS'ATAKA. 27'
Telang adopts the reading %l?crq;. But then what does qnftcjr
c 8 0
refer to ? Certainly to the actions indicated by flff^T & -5
this amounts totfcfcj;%T%cT tfftf %fHcra[. ST^PH" is therefore better.
Such acts are the sign of &c.
Sh 78. q'u^cff^rqfofull of nectarious holiness or holy
thought &c. qrtrfrfTcSTmagnifying to the size of a mountain,
making much of. fsfiftFcr:some, few, rare. Mr. Telang com-
pares with this the use of ^ 1 % ^ in Bhag. V I I . 3. ^er^ cfp^r
^ &*f*i: \ R&marshL
fe
SI. 79. wqftfft he mountain of gold, q^. ifaTcTn^-Kailasa,
being white (on account of being covered with snow), is con-
sidered to be a mountain of silver. This cannot be Himalaya
as some take i t . Cf Meg. I . 58. <qr~r &c.The trees on other
mountains are the same that they are; they are not changed i n -
to sandal trees as they would be i f they grew on the Malaya
mountain. Malaya, a mountain i n the south of India, famed for
its sandal trees. i ^ p r f w e honour. Cf arfq'f *rat T^Ref*
Rag. V I I I . 8. and Mallinatha's com. thereon. The fig. is
Virodh&bh&sa.
SL 80. ^ c ^ f f l f : w i t h the 13 valuable jewels (churned out
of the ocean before obtaining the 14fchnectar). vftafrSfr
did not take affright at the appearance of the dreadful poison.
i%f^r^f^-The AbL by the Vart. ^ c o r &c. see com. See
Apte's G. 7C. Cf mT^g^WW^F * ^R?^PcT i The fourteen
jewels are mentioned i n the following verse9$ifp qfc(gqr
ffg# m rf^T3 :
fftfte* F * T % ^g|ta irferr%^r
*l %W&*i U For the story, see R&ma. Bal. K . X L V . Bh&g. P.
V I I . 9-8. N i . Sat. 27. The fig. here is Arthantarany&sa.
I
32 NOTES ON
s a
powered by difficulties, % ft^fT* better reading being
easier.
SL 90. %wrguide, adviser. Cf 3T*n?^ g^^?r?y*n^
Mad. I t f ?*qrrf The spiritual adviser and counsellor of Indra.
For derivation see sL 34. -ST^T?i f%?y who, as is well-known
5
(T%5*> enjoys the favour of Hari. ^rp^i^ srrq: swrfST ^
f < r f a w *Tf { 3Tqr); l i t . sprung from water. The name of
Indra's elephant obtained at the churning of the milky ocean.
%^|*r?ymay be taken as a Tat. or a Dwandwa. The latter
is preferable. means here the accompaniments of royalty*
*rff: had to yield, was routed. t ^ s r t ^ t > . hA poetical license.
s
The poet's meaning is % f ^Kt (^%ctr) <> the two
words cannot be compounded. As it stands we may explain
% ! K w | w ^ f P l f N f &cThis may be taken i n two
NOTES ON
iruit making a loud noise as it fell. <* The fact of the tree
being tjfW ( Palm ) adds to the force of the lines as i t gives
i7
l i t t l e or no shade Telang. The fig. is Arthmtaranyasa,
SL 94. ^cft^s^-trouble from s f f R a h u . ^f^Tcrf
Jiere the aff. expresses srnT?F*T or excellence. Cf the last
line with T%r%cWfl HTSTTS iflfsng W> H. 'In the Kavya-
^saflgraha this stanza is given as Vetalabhatta's p. 39/ Mr.
^Telang'e note. Thefiguresare Arthantaranyasa^ndiKavyaUnga.
SL 95. ^rerfer the subject to this is f%r% to be supplied
irom the context, ^r^some Commentators^ interpret this
as sfq"^ I t seems, however, to be used here arc^u? 'indeed',
-does create, p s p t t ^ The jewel of a man (jj$r j$ T S ^ ) ?
the best of men. I t may also be explained though not
preferably as gs*: ( jewel-like) Cf s r r a \ SFffff ^gmi
ff^f^ra MallL on Rag, X V I , 1. S f W ^ r ^ a n
ornament (beautifier) of. Here (#FT) is addeJ
^ffqrrefers to j^qft*?. Some take this to be equivalent
NiTIS'ATAKA. 35
birth i n this world, are as foolish as one who &c. The fig. is
Jlal&nidars ana.
u
SL 107. The moral Mr, Telang draws from his verse is A
man may do the most difficult and dangerous things i n order
to do what is fated not to happen, or to avoid what is fated to
happen. But he w i l l f a i l , " There is no reference in this verse,
however, to " avoiding what is fated to happen." The verse
says that although a man may dive into the sea ( for pearls or
other gems), go to the golden mountain, Meru, conquer enemies
i n battle, or carry on trade and so forth, no wealth comes to
42 NOTES ON
ft*nf> s ^ T ^ t ^ r ? H R W R , T ^ W ^ rn^wh
NiTIS'ATAK, 4&
MISCELLANEOUS.
151; srg + ^r with augment 8^, *Tg*n with 3*53; we have iffr
*TPT^TltDocs ot suffer, is not ruined. The construction of
the second line is rhetorically faulty as $ refers to g^sr which
is not prominent being the member of a compound. The Fig*.
is Rupaka in the first half and Upamk in the second.
SL 2. ^*fssrfgF:losing an opportunity, letting slip right
time; see com.; gq?? may also mean <a condition, an engage-
ment'; not; keeping an engagement. ST*pf?TrSee com.
Obedient or devoted to her husband. STT^ST^poorer
%
to enforce obedience. The fig. is Parisankhya) see s L 71.
a s 3 a
SL 3. sytfr ?Not separable as q^fr T^T i <*uaV
form, j * must be taken as a particle laying stress on the
preceding word. Verily there are &c. i t is, however, rarely
used in classical literature. Mr. Telang remarks''The first
line is ungrammatical unless jr is taken as an expletive by
itself. But f is not used i n the class of wotka to which these
S'atakas belong." The verse is the same as sL 38 ( q. t.) with
some variations. Pig. Upam&t
SL 4. 3 r f ^ ^ f ^ f f r t - " - - - b y those who are poor only in
x c
harsh words, L e. who w i l l not utter harsh words, 3TT^T i b
in. ^ ^ W c g s h F o r a similar expression, cf. f f % % ? xm^
sL 63; qRwr? or qf^r?=censure; ' a i q ^ ^ ^ T f ^ R r i q j w r ^ r a ;
3<HKt*ft g p i $*ar F F ^ T ^ *r|% t\' Amara.
SL 5. qr^raEFfl^(1) covered over with his rays; (2)
trodden under the feet, subdued. M r . Telang thinks that in
the latter sense there would seem tp be an allusion to the
Vamana incarnation of Vishnu, pq&rrc(from ^CRT^T + x ^ Un. 5
for ^r^^^TO^r see slokas 02, 102. The aff. fq; ia added for
the metre, as a Bah would have expressed the same sense.
.See note on f ^ i r f ? ^ SI 9 supra. Fig. Upama,
SI. 7 . The word sftorf, in the second line, is to be construed
with each of the first three lines. ^ r r f l f 2 P W f 5 I ^ - - t h e heart
of women cannot be comprehended ( l i t . seized ); 3T3rrr bas a
twofold sense ( 1 ) not to be fathomed & c ; (2) not to be felt or
e a
touched by the hand, ^ r f R l feeling, inward motive, <*fr#T-
fSttTWWmi^ Yadara-kosha; see Malli. in his com. on Bag. I I .
26. Rtcnr:-3Jtcoked ordifiicult to be perceived like the narrow
mountain-path. 3&^?<r73raft?3f& common expression to
denote unsteadiness. a r r a f ^ R f i s used here for 5T{%cT told,
described. ^ p T M r . Telang takes this i n the sense ofverily;
i t may perhaps be taken in the sense of srwpr^sras is well-known.
Cf. iffcft^&imq&stt I ^ f S ^ r ^ ^ ^ f ^ T ^ Mohamad-
gara, ^3ffM?Tngrowing with the faults; i. e. as the
woman grows the faults develop in her. The fig. is Upama.
c
SL 8. arnrg?^ & -killed with his face towards ( not turn-
6
ed away from ) cneenemy, or i u the front line For the idea of
V
2?iT IS AT AKA 45
the first line oomp. Manns. VII.89. quoted in the com.; also B g .
I I . 38. or the following stanza quoted. by Madhusudana
Saraswati under Gita I , 31.gjfsrrfr q^cfr c3T^ ^ W ^ f ^ T R T \
^r*r5^rx% ^rnrg^r fa: f?rs^ t r r ^ i e t that be apart,
leave aside all consideration about. Cf fffgrg rrr^fflT WXftT
V i k . ^riJJTlf:praise^rg *rn?: 1 ^:-$nf*r
3JW^TT%- Leaving aside all considerations of the attainment of
heaven or victory, the applause of both the armies is not an
insignificant gain for a man who falls wounded in the front rank
in a battle.
SL 9. ^^ff%-of this extent, ^f^i^-seems to mean-of this
nature, sj^flrstands at the top; appears pre-eminently i n the
front. the third incarnation of Vishnu who lifted up the
* earth when the demon Hirany&ksha, brother of Hiranyakashipu,
was carrying i t with him into the depths of the ocean, and killed
the demon. The reading ^fT^far^: is evidently a misprint
occasioned by a copyist's blunder, and so i t has been changed
to ^?cT ^ffsrgr. The former hardly gives any sense, ^cTgg>5h
t>. L will not do, as the tusks of such Var&ha cannot, with any
propriety, be compared to Mtihtlas. q^ithe other i, e. B&hu.,
For the allusion see note on ^l^fafftfi^cT: SL 34. The greatness
of Var&ha consists i n lifting up the earth on his tusk,* and of
Raim in being generous enough to let go an enemy whom he has
i n his clutches. The figures are Kavyaliilga and Yathasa%khya..
SL 10. srs*?^the ocean, g ^ j f t ^W=T; from
f
^tf? is changed to ^%^hy 3^=fT3?^f ^ I Pan. T i l l . 2. 13.
lEf^T qT^Ii-ever moving along a path qp^r is derived as tpqro
f5f*4 ^T^FfWff} fr. qf%RC+3T ( 3W t p ^ ^ p ) The space of the
?
1
I
48 NOTES ON T r
1
T^ffifr )i Rg. IT- 71; also 70, 72. I t is not used in its teohnieal
Vedantie sense here (for which see Mis. si. 2).
SI. 14. &c,those who possess R^sp discrimination
(between what is real and what is unreal) from their knowledge
of Brahman. q f ^ F c f c f r PT^??Pabsolutely free from all desires.
T ^ sJTffr f^STcsrsp(we have) no firm belief i n their attainment;
we are not sure that they would be attained. qn^prrflf &c
Although they (enjoyments) are seized only by desire ( i . a. by
imagination); although their possession is only imaginary.
SL 15. ^aprpbirds. BT^^r^TPan Aluht Oomp. q^TTO
&c.for the different ways of dissolving the comp, see com.
3
T%r^!fr r a palace built in the mind &o; f. e. building castles
c o
in the air.
SL 16. f f y g n ^ 3 T 3 F T l i v e l i h o o d ; or f ^ ^ f f f f f ^ f
(food obtained by begging), fr. fff# + 3Tn *?*qr ST^Ff eating,
maintenance on. f f f f q a l s o goes with q r q s ^ f t , even the coarse
food is to be had for bat one meal; i t is not sufficient for the two
meals in the day. ?r ffft1& spite of abject poverty attach-
ment to worldly objects does not die out. fqrcpqr H qrfc^^rpef
t?, / . - i n this case some such words as 3^srr^ must be supplied.
Bat this reading loses force since there is no beauty In saying
that the pleasures do not leave i & I t Is the mind that must
relinquish them. Hence the reading adopted i n the text is
preferable.
SL 17. ^F^^nTff^:by particular posts?. ^ f f ^ - ~ ^ m
tjffqrsr c T ? a r ^ RfOT^Tcj; I
?
The form may be defended by ex-
plaining i t as g ? ^ f r ^fspr:, ^ being affixed by * cT^r ^ r g :
v
?
fr. sg^ifF^ & cloud and sp>j\ *tW*%frail, liable to speedy dig-
s e o
solution; from ^ 3 ^ + g r ^ ( 3 T ) , com. W3TWP5Tr^he
indulgences of youth, youthful happiness. Ramarshi explains
cJTSr^fT by qTT^Tr? &&d another commentary by STifftrrBFTT; but
neither of these is satisfactory, ^ r ^ r ts Lthe ardent desire
for pleasures which youth begets. gfpT^fpr seems to be nsed
here i n the sense of Union with, or manifestation i n contemp-
lation of, the Supreme Spirit- Its usual meaning is f^rTfinff-
7
fq^f^r: 'controlling the functions of the mind, by means of
which the individual soul can be in complete union with the
Supreme Soul. ^=RrfSf & C . 4 ^ J T (by patience) *n *TflTfrfaf%:
success i n the acquisition of theSam&dhi by patient contempla-
62 NOTES ON
SI. 47. ?nff &c. - M r . Telang proposes that this adj. and
ff^ffitfiftn should denote two kinds oi learning and quotes the-
Subhoshita %rr fffr^FT q$ *T^Tr &c. to support his position.
There, however, two kinds of persons are specially mentioned
as possessing two kinds of learning* Here we have no mention
made of two persons of different temperaments as i n the
Subhashita-, but the adj.fa^rcfrT%crrseems to have been purposely-
added to signify that the kind of learning meant here ia not
that which falls under the category ( ^T^?r ) ft fff j^rir.
High learning * capable of putting down an antagonist, but i t
need not at the same time be prone to controversy when it ia-
possessed by good men. efffcjijpH". *. the elephants of the-
0
like qnr i 3gtf: Nit. Sat. 82. Cf ft&X^fr q> ffPTfTT^cf &e
K i r , I 31. or
# $qwhat sort o i (what reason have they for)
%&^qRRr:tbe Loc. is noteworthy; see Pan, I I . 3. 30 fifti^r 9
mercenary doings.
SL 73. since, when, Hrcf^tTCTrf:by the feet ( the
hills of the foot) of mountains; the mountains are said to
uphold the earth and have a number of synonymous words to
denote them from this circumstance, such as nftf$, 33Jc3> &c-
Ramarshi gives as optional meaning ' The word trf^
presents some difficulty in the way of accepting either sense,as
the serpent Sesha has no feet, as also mountains. The adjacent
hills or mountains are, however, regarded as their feet and the
mountains are described as supporting the earth with their feet-
? ?
So we may accept the meaning ' mountains and reject *Sesha .
The fig. is Kwy&rthapattihu
SL 74. ^gC^TShrunken, shrivalled. anf[^<i~fr. s A .
6 cl; ST gsrq% does not serve, or attend to. ar?W9Rl
f f m i a ; denom. verb. Cf Pt. I V . 74.
1. 75. srcrrf^T?the injury or ravages done by old age.
Cf s*TTSffa wjpra sL 39. The reading cT^r g?rfe^ is easier.
We need not in this case supply fr. gfjf as object to qf?^r*
a^Xff^TMr. Telang says that this refers to the bit of bone
suspended over, a Oh&ndalakupa ( to distinguish i t from wells
used by the higher classes ) .
{31. 76. ^SRSTat ease, l i t . i n its natural condition L e* not
enfeebled by diseases &e. anjsfrfree from disease; as this
NOTES ON
MISCELLANEOUS.
SL 1. ST^'C^FV(1) a part of the sky; and ( 2 ) a strip of
cloth, ^ff^cf:covered, clothed, or surrounded; p. p. of s^r with
*PJ> $ n f ^ ~ C l C T i f a : TcT ?rr TO fT^r *rif:) wretchedness. The
ipo'et bewails the wretchedness of the sun and the moon who" are
here described as having but one strip of cloth i n common to
*#over themselves with. The fig. here is SJlesha. I t is thus
defined:-^: SJT^T ^f^RF^srr^FT^rrT * f ^ I K . P. X . When i n
the same sentence more than one meaning is possible i t is
VAIRA'GYAS'ATAKA. 79
?
^rqfrr% ^ H Amara. ^:f^gtsee sL 86 and note on fapt supra,
.hi 19. * fin:: $ra*|*r:We raise (lit, stretch forth) our cries of
invocation, g^rc:ctffl?S%: Amara. -with
sighs. ^spre is an onomatopoeic word.
SL 5. sm^^rl^-The Ganges, fftw:the quarters #
VAIRA'GYAS'ATAKA. 81
of (joy as the other parts above are. ifroTf ^Pgjf: ihmg from
^f+^T^C^r) a collection of women, ^prg'Qvof one that lookft
upon all things as equal, having an equal regard for all things.
1. 16. BTriff^Pone having nothing, hence extremely
poor, ^ c f i - w i t h desires restrained, self-controlled ( Cf ffiirfiT
Wt^Hf ?^fw*Tfr I ) STFcpwhose mind is always at
peace. The Vedantic meaning of ^PT has been already explained;
( i t is not however intended here ). ^PT%?TEr:* * equally
regardless of happiness or misery, &c. gWflWiA poetical
license; in^ST: is the correct form.
-
character. These are the people who are fit for, and must care
5
to profit by, such counsel. Cf E p ^ s r xr^rw ^ *
^^FfSTf^r*Pots used at funeral ceremonies or in cemeteries.
The fig. is Katyalinga.
1. 20. gfrr%?pr^""This and the other corresponding wordi
have here a double significance, which can be easily made out*
^ a ^ q - - ( l ) cruelty; (2) hardness. BTwNf-(l) falsehood; (2) fore-
I V
head; fr. 3T*y+f?F ^9- - 25. ^ f ^ r - ( l ) crookedness,
dishonesty. (2) curliness. *rF5T~(l) stupidity; (2) gentleness*
^l^gy^jf-(l) sluggishness, unwieldiness; (2) plumpness. ^ W ^ n r
(1) practising deceit or fraud; employment of tricks; (2)
spreading a charm upon. *ri|g*!J^-the eyes of women are often
-compared to those of the deer. Cf *r*nfr> f^^PTIV
1. 21. The idea-The word presents puzzling scenes to the
mind of a thinker. ^fapfTf:is preferable to fWFTCf as opposed.
VAIRA'GYAS'ATAKA. 83
directly opposed to .
SI. 22.This si, occurs in the Anar. R. facffttdeformed.
-*G(the same as =arrg coaxing speech, flattering expressions
sf?5ER~one of the ten kinds of Rupakas thus defined ?r<3[ (*TT~
The meaning of the first line isWe did not distinguish oar-
selves as successful warriors. Cf I. 2. si. 47. j ^ ^ T ^ o j ^ ^ q ^ y a p
tJ. I. the board-like % e. expansive and fleshy or well rounded
(f^3R*) hips. ^ T ^ T ^ K a tautological expression; ^qg^and
meaning the same thing. For the idea comp. ' w f r t ?TFT
g S J W f r ^ f e e f f ^ t n ^ r ^ Uttar. I I . 14. tfgpfche reading
makes no sense. The fourth line is the same as that of sL 48.
Additional sL %[f$>~A demon; his story is too well known to
the Hindu students to require any notice here, see Apte's Die
tionary. sanW* the diseases in the world. We did not
iree the people from the diseases humanity is heir to. Mr. Telang
Who reads the last line as ojTFIWtf remarks-
*The stanza occurs i n the Mahanafeaka.Thelastlineisnofcmetri-
jBsl'an i t stands. I n the Mahanataka i t runs thus-%rr: m trmtr^
VAIRA'G-YAS'ATAEA.. 85
therefore been preferred. For the third line cf supra, m& gftcST-
S^%rT*rr Mis. si. 40. i%*sr affectionate; fearer cleverly
cast, artful.
SL 43. 3?ffn$< &c.fsftcfr tbe folds of skin above the
navel of a woman regarded as a mark of beauty {Cf Kum. I .
39 ). &c.-pairs of Ohakrav&ka birds are usually described
as haunting river-banks, fi^rerar-has two meanings (1) IJS^T:
in which there are dangerous aquatic animals;
(2) STPfTsm thoughts ( or 3TRPT ***ind ) | ^ftrf?
Sammra is the sea to which the river, in the form of a woman,
leads a man.
SL 44. fcjqr?T*Tr*T-The Indriyas which are often compared
to horses, tempt a man further and further away from real
bliss ( ff$f ).
APPENDIX.
4
sr> *r T, er er> T, T.
terfrfr# # ! ^ s r r 3*w*Wc3T *n f w R t f r i Soh. of Q. -q f
E X A M I N A T I O N PAPERS.
1868.
I . Translate into English-< Nit. Sat, 15. (b) Nit. Sat. 99v
I I . (a) Give the names of the metres of the above verses.
Divide one line of eaoh verse into feet according to the Hindu-
and European systems of prosody. Where are the caesuras i n
both verses ? (b) Explain all compounds in the above verses..
(c) What religious idea is contained in the second verse ?
Illustrate i t by another verse from the Nifcishatak.
III. (a) Explain the construction of qftq" and that of
^TSsf- &c. with the Instrumental case. Quote instances
from the Nitishataka for these constructions. (5) Explain the
force of the particle f r in such a question as JgcT; 3T *T ^T^Bv
(c) What force has the particle 3TPT i ^ such expressions as-
1885.
1. Translate into English adding notes where necessary.
Vai. Sat. (a) 10; (b) Mis. 2; (c) Vai. Sat. 18.
2 (a) Dissolve the compounds (5) T R J O ( ) f^T c 0
1893-1894.
^^^^^
1900.
1. Translate into English:(a) Nit. Sat. Mis. 16. (b) VaL
; Sat. 62.
2 Explain with reference to the context:( e ) 3TcT3grr%*T~
Y. D e r i v e - * ^ , t ^ o r , ^ P ^ T , s r s r S T R T , 3fR, f f ^ ffarft*F-
1904.
I Translate:() Nit. 74; (b) Mia. 10; (c) Vair. Mis. 12.
I I Dissolve and name the compounds;?^fff%g^;r5^Ma*ri;
1906.
1
" t,>^
:- K
V.T'
W- r
1 it
, * 1 _ *
1
f
' I. 1
" r ft '
t
i r
9,
1
- '
l-
i
Ji 3
*0
"A book that is shut is but a block"
Y GOVT. O F INDIA
Department of Archaeology
NEW DELHI,