Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Sign into your Wajam account and discover what your friends have shared
Facebook
This article is about a province in the Philippines. For the indigenous people known as the Bukidnon,
see Lumad.
Bukidnon
Province
Country Philippines
Region Northern Mindanao(Region X)
Founded
September 1, 1914 (Commission Act 2408)
Government
Type Province of the Philippines
Governor Jose Maria Zubiri, Jr. (Bukidnon Paglaum
Party)
Vice Governor Alex Calingasan (Bukidnon Paglaum Party)
Area[1]
Total 10,498.59 km2(4,053.53 sq mi)
Area rank 3rd out of 81
Population (2010)[2]
Total 1,299,192
Rank 16th out of 81
Density 120/km2 (320/sq mi)
Density rank 61st out of 81
Divisions
Independent citi 0
es
Component 2
cities
Municipalities 20
Barangays 464
Districts 1st to 4th districts of Bukidnon
Website www.bukidnon.gov.ph
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Geography
o 2.2 Topography
o 2.3 Climate
3 Demographics
o 3.3 Ethnicity
o 3.4 Religion
o 3.5 Languages
o 4.1 Subdivisions
o 4.2 Barangays
5 Festivals
6 Economy
7 Education
8 Notable people
9 See also
10 References
11 External links
History[edit]
Political History[edit]
Bukidnon became a part of Misamis in the latter part of 1850. The whole area was then
called Malaybalay and the people were known as Bukidnons (highlanders or mountain dwellers).
The Philippine Commission, then headed by Commissioner Dean C. Worcester, Secretary of Interior,
proposed the separation of Bukidnon from Misamis Province. On August 20, 1907, the Philippine
Commission Act No. 1693 was enacted the Province of Agusan and sub- province of Bukidnon.
Bukidnon became a regular province on March 10, 1917 by virtue of the creation of the Department
of Mindanao and Sulu under Act 2711.
In 1942, invading Japanese troops entered Bukidnon. Mt. Capistrano was a civilian evacuation area
in the World War II. In 1945, the province was liberated from Japanese occupation by Filipino and
American troops with the aid of Bukidnon-based Filipino guerrillas during the Second World War.
Cultural history[edit]
According to oral history of the indigenous people of Bukidnon, there were four main tribes in Central
Mindanao: the Maranaos who dwell in Lanao del Sur, and the Maguindanao, Manobo and Talaandig
tribes who respectively inhabit the eastern, southern, and north-central portions of the original
province of Cotabato. When the civil government divided central Mindanao into provinces at the turn
of the 20th century, the groups included in the province of Bukidnon are the Talaandig and the
Manobo. The Visayans, particularly the Cebuanos and the Hiligaynons migrated into the province
followed by various groups from Luzon, namely, theIlocanos, Tagalogss, and merchants and wealthy
businessmen from Northern Luzon like the Igorots and the Ivatans. All contributed massive
acculturation among the indigenous tribes. Most of those who moved to the mountains and forest
continued to hold on their ancestors cultural heritage. The wide variety of Filipino groups now thrives
in the province and contributed immensely in the socio-economic development.
Geography[edit]
Bukidnon is a landlocked plateau in North Central Mindanao. It is bounded on the north by Misamis
Oriental and Cagayan de Oro City; on the south by North Cotabato, General Santos City and Davao
City; on the east by Agusan del Sur and Davao del Norte; and west by Lanao del Sur. It lies between
parallels 725' and 838' north latitude and meridians 12403' and 12516' east
longitude. Malaybalay City, the capital town, is about 850 kilometres (530 mi) by air from Manila and
91 kilometres (57 mi) by road from Cagayan de Oro City.
It has two important landmarks, Mount Kitanglad and Pulangi River. Mount Kitanglad has a peak of
2,899 metres (9,511 ft) above sea level. Pulangi River, on the other hand, traverses through the
northeastern and southern part of the province towards the Rio Grande of Mindanao.
Land area[edit]
The province's total land area is 1,049,859 hectares (2,594,260 acres). [1] It accounts for 59 percent
(59%) of Northern Mindanao. Thirty-eight percent (38%) is alienable and disposable. The rest is
classified timberland.
It also accounts for 80 percent (80%) or 34 million metric tons of the regions nonmetallic mineral
deposits which include high grade white and red clay, gold, chromite, copper, serpentine,
manganese, quartz and limestone deposits can also be found in the province.
Topography[edit]
Bukidnon is generally characterised as an extensive plateau but the southern and eastern
boundaries are mountainous area. The province's average elevation is 915 metres (3,002 ft) above
sea level. The slope gradient peaks at 2,899 metres (9,511 ft) ofMount Kitanglad, an extinct volcano
occupying the central portion. Two other mountain bodies are found in its southern portion, Mt.
Kalatungan and Mt. Tangkulan, which rise to 2,287 metres (7,503 ft) and 1,678 metres (5,505 ft),
respectively. Gently rolling grassland plateau cut deep and wide canyons of the Cagayan, Pulangi,
and Tagoloan Rivers and their tributaries which cover a greater part of the province. The whole
eastern and southern border adjoining the provinces of Agusan, Davao del Norte, and Cotabato are
covered by lofty and densely forested mountains of the Pantaron Mountain Range (Central
Cordillera).
The Bukidnon plateau is mainly of volcanic zone consisting of pyroclastic, basaltic and andesitic
cones.
The Central Cordillera is a mountain range of sedimentary, metamorphic and igneous rocks. About
49% of the land resource of the province is of rugged hills and mountains and 33% of undulating to
rolling terrain. The rest of the province is composed of nearly level terraces, alluvial lowland,
canyons and gorges. The volcanic terraces and volcanic foot slopes that are 500 m above sea level
are estimated to be about 221,600 hectares.
At Mailag, 23 kilometres (14 mi) south of Malaybalay City, the plateau begins to descend and
gradually merges into the lowlands of Cotabatoprovince.
Climate[edit]
Two types of climate prevail between the northern and southern sections of Bukidnon, The northern
part is classified as belonging to Type III, that is, there is no pronounced rain period but relatively dry
during the months of November to May. In the southern portion of the province, the climate is
classified as Type IV with no dry season. The driest area is Baungon, while the wettest is the
Calabugao plain. The climate is relatively cool and humid throughout the year.
The average annual rainfall is 2,800 millimetres (110 in). Just like in other parts of the country,
rainfall is more pronounced from June to October compared to other months of the year. February to
April are the drier months.
Temperature ranges vary with elevation. In areas lower than 500 metres (1,600 ft) above sea level
(m.a.s.l.), the recorded temperature range is between 20 to 34 C (68 to 93 F). Areas with
elevations greater than 500 m.a.s.l. would have temperatures ranging from 18 to 28 C (64 to 82 F).
Relative humidity also varies with elevation, with those above 500 m having relative humidity of
about 80%, while areas lying below 500 meters, 65-7 percent. Thus, the Malaybalay-Impasug-ong
area and those around the volcanic cones approximate semi-temperate conditions and can support
the cultivation of highland tropical crops.
Based on the records of climatological stations within and near the province, lithology and land form,
three (3) agro-ecological zones are identified. One covers the mountainous eastern side (Central
Cordillera) which is generally wet, with rainfall of about 2,340 to 4,000 millimetres (92 to 157 in) per
annum. Another covers the high altitude volcanic plains, the Malaybalay-Impasug-ong area and the
footslopes of Mt. Kitanglad and Mt. Kalatungan. These areas have an annual rainfall in the range of
2,490 to 3,680 millimetres (98 to 145 in). The third zone covers the south-central and the north-
western parts of the province, with elevations of less than 500 meters, relatively dry with mean
annual rainfall in the range of 1,700 to 2,600 millimetres (67 to 102 in).
Bodies of water[edit]
Demographics[edit]
Year
1990
1995
2000
2007
2010
Based on the National Statistics Office (NSO) Census of 2010, Bukidnon has a total population of
1,299,192 people.[2]
In the 2000 census, males slightly edge the females with 546,234, accounting for about 52% of the
provinces total population while females, with 514,181, account about 48%. Based on age
distribution, Bukidnon has a fairly young population, with ages 14 and below accounting 42.15% or
446, 952. The 15-34 age bracket account for 33.68% of the provinces population or 357,112. Ages
55 and above barely accounts 6.5% of the total. The average population growth rate of the province
is 2.41% from 19952000. Male-to-female ratio in the province stood at 1.06.
Population density[edit]
The average population density for the province is 128 persons per square km. The
cities/municipalities with the highest population densities are the following: Don
Carlos(353/km2), Kitaotao (250/km2), Valencia City (244/km2), Maramag (213/km2)
and Quezon (202/km2). The cities/municipalities with the lowest densities, on the other hand
are:Impasugong (29/km2), Talakag (58/km2), San Fernando (63/km2), Malitbog (75/km2)
and Damulog (83/km2).
Population by Congressional Districts[edit]
By Congressional Districts, District III has the highest population among the four capturing 31.93% of
the total population of the province. It is followed by District II with 25.80% of the total population.
Third is District I has a population percentage of 21.47%. The least populated district is District
IV with population percentage of 20.80%.
Valencia City has the highest population among the cities/municipalities of the province with 181,
556 inhabitants, accounting 13.97% of the provinces total. It is closely followed by Malaybalay
City with 153, 085 inhabitants or 11.78% of the total. Quezon is at third with 94, 584 inhabitants or
7.28% of the total. Manolo Fortich and Maramag are 4th and 5th with 91, 026 and 90, 901
inhabitants, respectively.
Ethnicity[edit]
According to ethnicity, majority of the people in Bukidnon are Cebuano accounting approximately
41% of the total population. The Bukidnon lumads (Bukidnon, Higaonon, Manobo, Talaandig, etc.)
account about 24% of the total population of the province. The Maranaos are abou 8% of the total
population. The Hiligaynon/Ilonggo and Boholano groups follow with 8.83% and 7.37%, respectively,
of the provinces total population.
Indigenous inhabitants of Bukidnon are the Lumad peoples, including the Bukidnon, Higaonon,
Manobo, Talaandig, and . Their cultures and traditions are embodied in oral folk literature of the
province which are classified into; "Antoka" (riddles), "Basahan"(proverbs or wise
sayings), "Kaliga" (ceremonial songs), "Limbay" (lyric poem), "Sala" (love
song), "Idangdang" (ballad), "Ulaging"(epic) and "Nanangon" (folktales). Religion is monotheistic.
They believe in one God. "Magbabaya" (the ruler of all) has minor gods and goddesses under his
command (Example: "Bulalakaw" watches rivers and lakes, "Tumpas
Nanapiyaw" or "Itumbangol" watches the bases of the earth, night, and day).
Many of the population, however, are recent Christian immigrants from Cebu or elsewhere in the
Philippine archipelago.
Religion[edit]
[7]
Religion in Bukidnon
Religion percentage
Roman Catholic 80.7%
Islam 15%
Protestant 4%
Don Carlos June 18, 1966 213.72 64,334 1st Class Municipality
September 1,
Impasugong 1,051.17 43,587 1st Class Municipality
1914
Manolo Fortich June 21, 1957 413.60 91,026 1st Class Municipality
San Fernando June 18, 1966 705.06 50,207 1st Class Municipality
Barangays[edit]
The province has 464 barangays under its jurisdiction. The table below shows the Top 15 Largest
Barangays according to population.[4]
Legislative Districts[edit]
Main article: Legislative districts of Bukidnon
Bukidnon has four legislative districts namely the first, second, third and fourth districts.
Legislati
Land Population (20 Density (20
ve City/Municipality
Area 10)[4] 10)
District
Festivals[edit]
Main article: Kaamulan Festival
The province celebrates the Kaamulan Festival, an ethnic cultural festival held annually in
Malaybalay City, Bukidnon from the mid-February up to March 10, the founding date of the Bukidnon
as a province in 1917. It is held to celebrate the culture and tradition of the seven ethnic tribal groups
Bukidnon, Higaonon, Talaandig, Manobo, Matigsalug, Tigwahanon and Umayamnonthat
originally inhabit the province. Kaamulan comes from the indigenous Binukid word amul meaning "to
gather". Kaamulan is gathering for a purposea datuship ritual, a wedding ceremony, a
thanksgiving festival during harvest time, a peace pact, or all of these together. The festival started in
1974 and is celebrated until now.
Economy[edit]
Bukidnon is an agricultural economy. it is a major producer
of rice, maize, sugar, coffee, rubber, pineapple, banana, tomato, flowers, cassava, and other fruits
and vegetables. It is also a major producer of chickens, hogs and cattle. Almost all large firms
operating in the province are into production or processing of these agricultural products.
Del Monte Philippines, Inc. (DMPI), Lapanday Diversified Products Corp. and Mt. Kitanglad Agri-
Development Corporation are engaged in pineapple production. Dole Philippines (Skyland) and Mt.
Kitanglad Agri-Ventures, Inc. are into banana production. DMPI is also engaged in cattle fattening.
Bukidnon Sugar Milling Corporation (BUSCO) and Crystal Sugar Milling are into sugar milling and
refining.
Phil-Agro Industrial Corporation is in starch production. Menzi Agricultural Development is
in cacao production. Agaropyta Phils. Inc., Bukidnon Greens Inc., FP Obrero Farms and ARDEM,
Inc. are in cutflower production.
Food manufacturing giants, San Miguel Foods Corp. (SMFI_PFC), Monterey Farms Corp., Swift
Foods, Inc. have intensified their contract breeding and growing operations in the province. Valencia
Rubbertex, Inc., an 80-20 Japanese-Filipino joint venture produces rubber boots and rubber shoes
for Japan.
As one of the major anchors in crop production, Bukidnon is moving forward towards establishing its
position as a principal trader of rice, corn, sugar, potato, tomato and many other commercial and
industrial crops. As the second largest producer of corn in the country, it reached a total production
of 481,370 Mt. In year 2000, vast tracts of cornfields, rice paddles and sugar plantations are
distributed all over the province.
Bukidnon has already assumed its role as producer and supplier of fresh fruits and vegetables.
These produce are either sold in domestic markets or exported to Japan and other neighboring
countries. Fresh pineapples, banana, sugarcane and cutflower grown over the years are among its
exports. New agri-business industries are still growing. Even export of rubber boots and shoes, an
infant industry in the province is increasing tremendously.
A wide variety of resource-based handicrafts is extensively produced from rattan, bamboo and wood.
San Fernando is known for its rattan furniture. Bamboo baskets, wood wares and carvings, mats and
other handmade products are ideal souvenir items.
Bukidnon Investment Grid[edit]
During the mid-90's, the provincial government of Bukidnon, after careful studies and consultation,
has adopted a strategic program called the Bukidnon Investment Grid or BIG. This program is aimed
to confine all its investment promotion activities and projects to the strip of land three kilometers from
both sides of the Sayre Highway from Damulog toManolo Fortich, and along the national/provincial
road from Kibawe to Kadingilan; Don Carlos to Kadingilan; Maramag to Quezon; Maramag to
Kadingilan; Kadingilan toPangantucan; Valencia City to San Fernando; Malaybalay
City to Cabanglasan; Malaybalay to Lantapan; Manolo Fortich to Libona; Libona to Cagayan de
Oro; Talakag toPangantucan; and Malitbog to Tagoloan in Misamis Oriental.
Education[edit]
Universities and Colleges of Bukidnon
The following Universities and Colleges of Bukidnon are the tertiary schools.
School Location
Notable people[edit]
Joey Ayala, singer
Elenito Galido, bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Iligan
See also[edit]
Mindanao
Cagayan de Oro
References[edit]
1. ^ Jump up to:a b c "List of Provinces". PSGC Interactive. Makati City, Philippines: National
Statistical Coordination Board. Retrieved 10 June 2014.
2. ^ Jump up to:a b c "Population and Annual Growth Rates for The Philippines and Its Regions,
Provinces, and Highly Urbanized Cities" (PDF). 2010 Census and Housing Population. National
Statistics Office. Retrieved 10 June 2014.
3. Jump up^ Sombrito, Elvira. "Soil Redistribution Studies Using Fallout 137Cs" (PDF).
International Atomic Energy Agency. Retrieved 9 September 2010.
4. ^ Jump up to:a b c d e "Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay: as of May
1, 2010" (PDF). 2010 Census of Population and Housing. National Statistics Office. Retrieved 10
June 2014.
8. ^ Jump up to:a b "Province: BUKIDNON". PSGC Interactive. Makati City, Philippines: National
Statistical Coordination Board. Retrieved 10 June 2014.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has
media related to Bukidnon.
Misamis Oriental