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IDL - International Digital Library Of

Technology & Research


Volume 1, Issue 5, May 2017 Available at: www.dbpublications.org

International e-Journal For Technology And Research-2017

Performance Comparison of VCRS using Different


Refrigerants
Anuj Shukla Gaurav Kumar Mishra
Mechanical Engineering Mechanical Engineering
MMMUT MMMUT
Gorakhpur. U.P., India Gorakhpur. U.P., India
anuj.shukla30@gmail.com mishragaurav.aec@gmail.com

Abstract The aim of this paper is to analyse the effect of


II. Domestic Refrigerator
refrigerant on compressor work for same refrigeration capacity A domestic refrigerator works upon vapour compression
using R12, R134a & R600a Refrigerant in Domestic refrigerator principle. Vapour compression cycles comprises of four basic
at steady state condition. Two different refrigerant are R12 processes:
(Freon 12), R600a (Isobutene) and R134a (tetrafluoroethae).
R134a is a refrigerant with zero ozone depletion potential and 1) Isentropic compression process
high global warning potential. Whereas, R600a is a refrigerant 2) Isobaric heat rejection process
with zero ozone depletion layer and negligible global warning 3) Isenthalpic expansion and
potential as well. A domestic refrigerator was selected for the 4) Isobaric and isothermal heat extraction.
study and observation. The result indicated that the compressor a) Isentropic compression process: - The vapour is dry and
work is minimum in case of R134a and highest in case of R12. saturated at the start of compression it becomes superheated at
Keywordsrefrigerant; compressor; ODP
the end of compression.
b) Isobaric heat rejection process: - Heat is rejected through
the compressor at constant pressure
c) Isenthalpic expansion process: - The vapour now reduced
I. Introduction to saturated liquid is throttle through the expansion valve.
A domestic refrigerator works upon Vapour compression d) Isobaric Process:-The dry saturated vapor is drawn by
Refrigeration cycle. The essential components of the cycles compressor from evaporator at lower pressure and then this
are the evaporator, the compressor, the condenser and the vapor is compressed isentropically.
expansion device. The function of compressor is to raise the
pressure of the working fluid (called refrigerant) from the
evaporator pressure to condenser pressure. The refrigerants
chlorofluorocarbon (CFCs) and hydro chlorofluorocarbon
(HCFCs) both have high ozone depleting potential (ODP) and
global warming potential (GWP) and results in ozone layer
depletion and global warming. Therefore these two
refrigerants are required to be replaced with environmentally
friendly refrigerants to protect the environment. The hydro
fluorocarbon (HFC) refrigerants with zero ozone depletion
potential have been recommended as alternatives. R134a is the
long-term replacement refrigerant for R12 because of having
favourable characteristics such as zero ODP, non-
flammability, stability and similar vapours pressure as that of
R12 [12]. The ODP of R134a is zero, but it has a relatively
high global warming potential. Many studies are being carried
out which are concentrating on the application of
environmentally friendly refrigerants in refrigeration systems. Figure 1: parts of a refrigerator
The issues of ozone layer depletion and global warming have
led to consideration of hydrocarbon refrigerants such as
propane, isobutene, n-butane or hydrocarbon blends as
working fluids in refrigeration and air-conditioning systems.

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IDL - International Digital Library Of
Technology & Research
Volume 1, Issue 5, May 2017 Available at: www.dbpublications.org

International e-Journal For Technology And Research-2017


2) Bilal Ahmed Qureshi & Syed M. Zubair, studied
III. Refrigerant performance decrease of a vapour compression refrigeration
1. R12 (CHLOROFLUOROCARBON):- The refrigerants system under fouling conditions. the result indicated that R717
chlorofluorocarbon (CFCs) and Hydro chlorofluorocarbon performs the best in all cases. The paper is shows that the
(HCFCs) both have high ozone depleting potential (ODP) and volumetric efficiency of R410A, R717 remained the highest
global warming potential (GWP) and con-tributes to ozone under their respective operating condition. Performance
layer depletion and global warming. degradation due to fouling in a simple vapour compression
cycle is investigated for low, medium and high temperature
2. R134a (TETRAFLUROETHANE):- R134a is the long- applications.
term replacement refrigerant for R12 because of having 3) K. Mani, V. Selladurai, did Experimental analysis of a new
favourable characteristics such as zero ODP, non- refrigerant mixture as drop-in replacement for CFC12 and
flammability, stability and similar vapour pressure as that of HFC134a are Investigate that The refrigerants
R12. The ODP of R134a is zero, but it has a relatively high chlorofluorocarbon (CFCs) and hydro chlorofluorocarbon
global warming potential. Many studies are being carried out (HCFCs) both have high ozone depleting potential (ODP) and
which are concentrating on the application of environmentally global warming potential (GWP) and con-tributes to ozone
friendly refrigerants in refrigeration systems. layer depletion and global warming.
4) Akintunde, M.A.et all Experimental study of R134a, R406
3. R600a (ISOBUTANE):- This work presents an study on and R600a blends as alternative to Freon 12. The results show
the application of HFC134a to replace R600a in a domestic that R134a/R600a mixture in the ratio 50:50 can be used as
refrigerator. A refrigerator designed to work with R600a with alternative to R-12 in domestic refrigerators, without the
a gross capacity experiment.R600a low pressure level is necessity of changing the compressor lubricating oil. At of Te
connected to a relatively high critical temperature, good =-50C and Tc =400C , R-12 gives a COP of 2.08 while 50:50
Performance and Increased efficiency .Zero ozone depletion blend of R134a/R600a gives a COP of 2.30 under the same
and negligible global warning potential. operating conditions.
5) According to manual of company danfoss Practical
Application of Refrigerant R600a Isobutene in Domestic
TABLE 1. PROPERTIES OF REFRIGERANTS
Refrigerator Systems is observed by Refrigerant R 600a, or
isobutene, is a possible replacement for other refrigerants,
Refrigerant R 600a R 134a R 12 which have high impact on the environment, in domestic
Name Isobutene TetraFluro Chlorofluoro refrigerators. It has zero ozone depletion potential ODP and a
Ethane carbon
negligible global warming potential GWP.
Formula C4H10 CH3CH2F CCL2F2
Critical Temp 135 101 112
C
Molecular W 58.1 102 120.9 v. experimental results
in kg/k mole Refrigerants are charged one by one into the refrigerator. The
Normal Boil -11.6 -26.5 -29.8 refrigerator is initially provided with R12. Then after
point removing this refrigerant, R134a is charged into the system.
Pressure at - 0.58 1.07 1.24
After taking the observations the refrigerant is again replaced
25 C in bar
(absolute) with R600a. For keeping the refrigeration capacity same 500
Liquid 0.60 1.37 1.47 gm of water is kept into the freezer for all refrigerants. The
density kg/lit thermostat is set to -1 degree Celsius so that ice formation can
Vapour 1.3 4.4 6.0 take place. The time is noted for all refrigerants when the
density kg/m3 compressor cuts off. The compressor has power rating of 1/6
Volumetric 373 658 727 hp.
capacity k Compressor Rating = 124.33 W
J/m3
Total Power Consumption in kWh

= 124.33 Total Running Time (in hours)


iv. literature review Total power consumption by refrigerator with R-600a
1) Mihail-Dan & N. Staicovici investigated a method of
=124.33 x 0.4166
improving the effectiveness of a mechanical vapors
compression process and of its applications in refrigeration. It = 51.79 kWh
was shown that method can be improved of a polytrophic or Total power consumption by refrigerator with R-134a
an adiabatic mechanical vapors compression system.
= 124.33 x 0.3666
= 45.57 kWh

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IDL - International Digital Library Of
Technology & Research
Volume 1, Issue 5, May 2017 Available at: www.dbpublications.org

International e-Journal For Technology And Research-2017


Total power consumption by refrigerator with R-12 By using R-134a the compressor work is reduced by
= 124.33 x 0.70 47.63%. And by using R-600a the compressor can be
reduced by 40.49%.
= 87.03 kWh
As R-134a have zero ODP and zero GWP values so it
Power saving using R134a instead of R12 = 87.03 45.57 does not affect the environment, whereas R-12
= 41.46 kWh contains chlorine in its composition which severely
affects ozone layer. In overall view the R134a
Power saving in terms of percentage = 47.63 %
refrigerant is found to be the best alternative which
Power saving using R600a instead of R12 = 87.03 51.79 can be used in the refrigerator. R-600a can also be
= 35.24 kWh used as a good alternative to R-12 but it provides less
COP in comparison to R-134a.
Power saving in terms of percentage = 40.49 %

VI. CONCLUSION
R-134a provides better refrigeration effect in
comparison to R-12 and R-600a.
VII. FUTURE SCOPE
The suitability of the refrigerant with the lubricant oil of the lubricant oil is accepted to be used with all refrigerants.
compressor plays a very important role in maximising the Different lubricant oils with different refrigerants can be
performance of a refrigeration system. There is no single studied further in order to examine their effect on COP of the
system.
VIII.REFERENCES

[1] D.Bulter, life after cfcs and HCFC, CIBSE national improving the effectiveness of a mechanical vapour
conference 2001. compression process and of its applications in
[2] S.Devotta, S.gopichand, comparative assessment of refrigeration 3 August 2010.
HFC 134a and some refrigerant as alternative to [7] Akintunde, M.A .Mechanical Engineering department,
CFC12, International general of refrigeration 15(1992) The federal University of technology,P.M.B 704
112-118. Nigeria, Experimental study of R134a,R406 and R600a
[3] C.P.Arora, Third edition of refrigeration and air blends as alternative to Freon 12.
conditioning, Tata McGraw Hill Education Private [8] Alsaad, M. A., and Hammad, M. A., the Application of
limited New Delhi P.G. No (3-4) Propane/Butane Mixture for Domestic Refrigerators,
[4] D.Ravindra, Difference between CFC/HCFC and HFC Applied Thermal. Engineering, Vol. 18, pp. 911
refrigerant Air Conditioning and refrigeration journal 918.(1998).
Part-II January-February 2014. [9] Jitendra Kumar Verma, Ankit Satsangi and Vishal
[5] Vincenzo La Rocca, Giuseppe Panno Experimental Chaturani, IJETAE, Volume 3, Issue 1, January 2013.
performance evolution of a vapour compression A Review of Alternative to R134a (CH3CH2F)
refrigerating plant when replacing R22 with alternative Refrigerant.
refrigerant. [10] W.F.Stoecker and W.F.Jones Second edition of
[6] Mihail-Dan & N. Staicovici, International Journal of refrigeration and air conditioning, Tata McGraw Hill
Heat and Mass Transfer, Are investigates A method of Education Private limited New Delhi.

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