Solutions to Final Exam for GP

I, MATH, Fall 2011.

1. 20%

A thin, uniform, 15.0 kg post, 1.75 m

long, is held vertically using a cable
and is attached to a 5.00 kg mass and
a pivot at its bottom end (see figure).
The string attached to the 5.00 kg mass
passes over a massless, frictionless
pulley and pulls perpendicular to the
post.
Suddenly the cable breaks.

Find the angular acceleration of the post about the pivot just
after the cable breaks.
Hint: The moment of inertia for a thin rod of mass M and length
1
L rotating about one of its ends is I M L2 .
3

Solution

1
For the post, I gives T r M L2
3
1
1.25 T 15.0 1.75
2

3
or T 12.25
For the mass, T mg m a gives
 T 5.00 9.80 a

Also a r so that a 1.75 0.500 1.25 .

Eliminating T and a gives

12.25 5.00 9.80 1.25

2.65 rad / s 2

2. 10% + 10%
A uniform ball of radius R rolls without slipping between two rails
such that the horizontal distance is d between the contacts points of
the rails to the ball.
(a) Find the relation between the velocity vcm of the center of mass
of the ball and the angular velocity of the rotational motion.
(b) For a uniform ball starting from rest and descending a vertical
distance h while rolling without slipping down a ramp,
10 gh
vcm . Replacing the ramp with the two rails, show that
7

10 gh
vcm .
5 2 / 1 d 2 / 4R2

(c) Hint: For a uniform ball rotating about an axis through its center,
2
I M R2 .
5

Solution

(a)
As shown in the figure, the rolling of the ball
is the same as a cylinder with length d and
radius r (brown lines respresent the flat
surfaces of the cylinder):

r R2 d 2 / 4

Hence,
 vcm r R2 d 2 / 4 .

(b)

2
2
1 2 1 2 1
K mv I mvcm 2
2 5 mR 2
vcm mvcm 5 2


2 2 2



R 2 d 2 4

10
1 d 2 4 R 2

10 gh
K m gh vcm .
5 2 / 1 d 2 / 4R2

3. 20%

Two very large open tanks

A and F contain the same
liquid (see figure).
D is open to air and has a
cross section twice that of
C.
Express h2 in terms of h1.

Assume streamline flow everywhere and no viscosity.

Solution
Let p0 be the atmospheric pressure. Applying Bernoullis equation to
open surfaces of A and D gives
1 2
p0 gh1 p0 vD vD 2 gh1
2
Applying the equation of continuity to cross sections of C and D
gives
AD
AC vC AD vD vC vD 8 gh1
AC
Applying Bernoullis equation to the open surface of A and any cross
section of C gives
1 2
p0 gh1 pC vC pC p0 3 gh1
2
For the open surfaces of E and C, pE pC . For the open surface of F,
 pF p0 pE gh2
We have

p0 p0 3 gh1 gh2 h2 3h1

4. 20%
The weight of the uniform
bar in the figure is 165 N.
The cube at 3 / 4 of the
length of the bar weights
185 N.
The supporting wires A and B are each 75.0 cm long and have
mass 5.50 g. If both of them are simultaneously plucked at the
center, what is the frequency of the beats that they will produce
when vibrating in their fundamental modes?

Solution

i 0

L L
Pivot at B: FA L wbar wcube 0
2 4
1 1 1 1
FA wbar wcube 165 185 128.8 N
2 4 2 4
3L L
Pivot at A: FB L wcube wbar 0
4 2
1 3 1 3
FB wbar wcube 165 185 221.3 N
2 4 2 4
F
The velocity of wave is given by v , where l is the length of
m/l
the string.
For the fundamental mode, 2l . Hence, the mode frequency is

v 1 F
f
2 ml

1 FA 1 128.8
fA 88.35 Hz
2 ml 2 5.50 103 75.0 10 2

1 FB 1 221.3
fB 115.8 Hz
2 ml 2 5.50 10 75.0 10 2
3

The beat frequency is therefore f beat f A f B 27.5 Hz .

5. 10% + 10%
A hollow cylinder has length L, inner radius a and outer radius b.
The temperatures at the inner and outer surfaces are T1 and T2,
respectively. The cylinder is made of material with thermal
conductivity k.
(a) Find the total heat current through the walls of the cylinder.
(b) Find T between the walls as a function of r, the distance from
the axis of the cylinder.

x n 1
Hint: x dx x
1
n
for all n 1 , and dx ln x .
n 1 !

Solution
dT
(a) H k 2 rL
dr
H dr
dT
2 kL r
H bd r H b
T2 T1
2 k L a r
ln
2 k L a
2 k L
H
b
T1 T2
ln
a
(b)
H r d r H r
T T1
2 k L a r
ln
2 k L a
 H r
T T1 ln
2 k L a