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jjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjStep 1(Arrangement of purlins)

Clear spacing =11+2=13m (including overhang)

Then the slope() of the roof = 150


11
Then the rise = tan15 x 2 =1.47371.5m

13
2

The length of the rafter(top chord) = m
2+1.52

Note: rafter can be divided into 3 equal panels

6.7
length of each panel = 4 =1.7
spacing of the truss = 1.3m (assumed)

let us provide 5 purlins at a spacing of 1.601m (as per the plan)

The details of diagram is shown in the figure

The economical truss spacing: t=2p+r

where ; t = cost of truss


p = cost of purlin
r = cost of roofing materials

step 2: Determination of loads:

Dead loads:
Weight of CGI sheets = 0.1335kN/m2
Weight of purlins = 0.150kN/m2.
Weight of lacings = 0.015kN/m2.

Self-weight of truss = where l = c/c distances


1 13
= 100 ( 3 + 15) =0.1933KN/m2
Total dead load = 0.1335 + 0.150 +0.015 +0.1933

= 0.4918KN/m2.

The load at each intermediate point = load X area

= 0.4852X (1.3X1.601) = 1.01kN.

1.01
Thus the load on the end point is = 2 =0.505kN.

Live load determination:

We have,=15o

-IS 875 recommends for slope grater than 10 0 , the live load may be taken as 750N/m 2 less 20N/m2 for
every degree increase in slope over 100 , subject to a minimum of 400N/m2 of the plan area

Then live load = 0.750 (15-10)x20 = 0.65kN/m2

Live load on each panel = 0.65 (1.3 X1.601) (load x area)

= 1.353KN

Wind load determination:


We have slop = 150
Then wind intensity (pz) = 1.16kN/m2 (BTS-002-2003)

We have building dimension as:

Width (w) =11m, length = 14m.


Height of building h = 4.2m (as per the plan)
h
Then the ratio: w =0.382

External air pressure coefficient (roof)


h 1
For, w < 2 , and =150

Design wind pressure pz=1.16KN/m2


Wind normal to ridge Total pressure = (Cpe-Cpi)Pz
Cpi=+0.2 Cpi=-0.2
Windward Cpe= -0.8 -1.16 -0.696
Leeward Cpe=-0.4 -0.696 -0.232
Wind parallel to ridge
Windward Cpe=-0.75 -1.102 -0.638
Leeward Cpe=-0.6 -0.928 -0.464
Maximum wind load = 1.16KN/m2

Wb=(total wind load ) = 1.16XArea

= 1.16X(1.601X1.3)

= -2.414kN (Away)
End wind pressure = -1.207 kN (Away)

Next we proceeds for the analysis of the truss as shown the loading system below

1) Dead load + live load


a) Intermediate load=1.01+1.353=2.363KN
b) End load=2.363/2=1.181KN

Process here is analyzed based on the method of the joint and section

2) Dead load + wind load


c) Intermediate load=1.01+-2.414=1.404KN(away)
d) End load=-1.404/2=0.702KN(away)

Process here is analyzed based on the method of the joint and section

Dead load +live load

At joint A

F1sin15+10.1=1.181

F1=34.46KN(compression)

F2=F1cos15

F2=33.28(Tension)

Joint B :
y=0

F3=0

x=0

F6=F2

F6=33.28(compression)

Joint C: y=0

F7=F5cos75

F7=0.592KN(Tension)

X=0

F10=F6+F5cos15

F10=31.069KN(Tension)

Joint D y=0

F11=F9cos15

F11=2.75(Tension)

X=0

F10+F9cos75=F14

F14=30.33KN(Tension)

Joint E:

y=0
F15=F13cos15

F15=4.77(Tension)

Joint F:

y=0

F1cos75+f3+2.363=F5cos15+f4cos75

F4cos75+F5cos15=-6.55..(1)

X=0

F1cos15+F5cos75=F4cos15

F4cos15-F5cos75=-34.34cos15..(2)

On solving the two equations simultaneously we get;

F4=33.84(compression)

F5=2.288(Compression)

Joint G:

y=0

F4cos75+f7+2.363=F9cos14+F8cos75

F8cos75+F9cos15=-5.8.(1)

X=0

F4cos15+F9cos75=F8cos15

F8cos15-F9cos75=-33.84cos15(2)

On solving the two equations simultaneously we get;

F8=33.1KN(compression)

F9=2.85KN(Compression)
Joint H:

y=0

F8cos75+F11+2.363=F12cos75+F13cos15

F12cos75+F13cos15=-3.45..(1)

X=0

F8cos15+F13cos75=F12cos15

F12cos15-F13cos75=-31.97..(2)

On solving the two equations simultaneously we get;

F12=31.77KN(Compression)

F13=4.94(Compression)

Therefore the forces in all the members are given below

Sl.no Forces in the member Forces value Compression/tension


1. F1 = F28 34.46 Compression
2. F2 = F29 33.28 Tension
3. F3 = F27 0 -------
4. F4 = F24 33.84 Compression
5. F5 = F25 2.288 Compression
6. F6 = F26 33.28 Compression
7. F7 = F23 0.592 Tension
8. F8 = F20 33.1 Compression
9. F9 = F221 2.85 Compression
10. F10 = F22 31.069 Tension
11. F11 = F19 2.75 Tension
12. F12 = F16 31.77 Compression
13. F13 = F17 4.94 compression
14. F14= F18 30.33 Tension
15. F15 4.77 Tension.
Dead load +wind load

Joint 1:

y=0

= 2.95-35.4 -F12 sin26.56

F12 = 72.57 kN (tension)

X=0

= -1.8 +F12cos26.56 - F1,17

= -1.8+72.57F12cos26.56 - F1,17

F1,17= 63.11kN (comp)

Joint 2:

y=0

= 5.9 - F12sin26.56 F2,17sin26.56+F23sin26.56

= 5.9 72.57sin26.56 F2,17sin26.56+F23sin26.56

F23sin26.56 - F2,17sin26.56 =26.55.(1)

x=0

= -3.61 - F12cos26.56 +F2,17cos26.56+F23cos26.56

= -3.61 72.57cos26.56 + F2,17cos26.56+F23cos26.56

F2,17cos26.56+F23cos26.56 = 68.52.(2)

Solving the two equation above

We get F2,17 = 8.61kN (comp)

F23 = 68kN (comp) Joint 3:


y=0

= 5.9 - F3,17 F32sin26.56+F34sin26.56

= 5.9 F3,17 68sin26.56+F34sin26.56

.F34sin26.56 F3,17 = 24.51(1)

x=0

.= -3.61- F32cos26.56 +F34cos26.56 = -3.61-

68cos26.56 +F34cos26.56

F34 = 72.04kN (tension)

Then substituting the value in 1 we get

F3,17= 7.7kN (comp)

Jiont 17:

y=0

= F17,3 +F17,2sin26.56+ F17,4sin56.32

= 7.7 +8.612sin26.56+ F17,4sin56.32

F17,4=13.88kN (tension)

x=0

= F17,1 +F17,16 - F17,4cos56.32 - F17,2cos26.56

= 63.11 +F17,16 13.88cos56.32 -8.61cos26.56

F17,16 = 47.71kN (comp)

Now at joint 4 there is more then 2 unknown. Thus takin section S-S and taking moment about the point
7 we get

M) = 0
= 3.61 x(0.431x(1+2+3+4+5))+(1.8x2.587) +(5.9x0.858x(1+2+3+4+5))+(2.95 x6x 0.858)
(35.4x5.15)- (F16,15 x2.587 ) F16,15 = 24.43kN (comp) Joint 16:

y=0

= F16,18sin56.32+-F16,4sin56.32

= F16,18 - F16,4 = 0.(1)

x=0

= F16,17 - F16,15 - F16,4cos56.32+ F16,18cos56.32

= 47.71-24.43 +F16,4cos56.32+ F16,18cos56.32

= F16,18cos56.32+ F16,4cos56.32 = -23.28(2)

Solving the above equation we get

F16,4 = 20.99kN(comp)

F1618 = 20.99kN(tension)

Joint 4:

y=0

= -F43sin26.56+ F4,17sin56.32+ F45sin26.56+ 5.9-F4,16sin56.32

= -72.04sin26.56+ 13.88sin56.32+ F45sin26.56+ 5.9-20.99sin56.32

F45 = 72.08kN(tension)

x=0

= - F43cos26.56+ F4,17cos56.32+ F45cos26.56- 3.61+F4,16cos56.32 +F4,18

= -72.04cos26.56 +13.88cos56.32+ 72.08cos26.56-3.61+20.99cos56.32 +F4,18

F4,18= 15.76kN (tension)

Joint 5

y=0

= -F45sin26.56+ F56sin56.32+ F5,18sin26.56+ 5.9


= -72.08sin26.56+ F56sin56.32+ F45sin26.56+ 5.9

= F56sin26.56- F5,18sin26.56 =26.33..(1)

x=0

= -F54cos26.56+ F56cos26.56- F5,18cos26.56 -2.68

= -72.08cos26.56+ F56cos26.56 - F5,18cos26.56- 2.68

= F56cos26.56+ F5,18sin26.56=67.15..(2)

Solving 1 and 2 we get

F56 = 66.98kN(tension) F5,18 =8.09kN(tension) Joint 6:

y=0

= -F56sin26.56+ F67sin26.56+ F6,18+ 5.9

= -66.986sin26.56+ F67sin26.56+ F6,18+ 5.9

= F67sin26.56+ F6,18 =24.1(1)

x=0

= -3.61-F65cos26.56- F67cos26.56

= -3.61-66.986cos26.56- F67cos26.56

F67 = 71.02kN(tension)

Then F6,18= 24.1-(71.02sin26.56)

=7.7 kN(tension)

Joint 18:

y=0

= F18,6- F18,7sin56.32+F18,5sin26.56 +F18,16sin56.32

= 7.7 - F18,7sin56.32+8.09sin26.56 +20.99sin56.32

F18,7 =34.5kN (comp)


All the mamber forces shown below
Sl.no Forces in the member Forces value Compression/tension
1. F12 = F21 72.57 Tension
2. F23 = F32 68 Tension
3. F34 = F43 72.04 Tension
4. F45 = F54 72.08 Tension
5. F56 = F65 66.986 Tension
6. F67 = F76 71.02 Tension
7. F18,7 = F7,18 34.5 Comp
8. F6,18 = F18,6 7.7 Tension
9. F5,18 = F18,5 8.09 Tension
10. F4,18 = F18,4 15.76 Tension
11. F4,16 = F16,4 20.99 Comp
12. F16,18 = F18,16 20.99 Comp
13. F16,17 = F17,16 47.7 Comp
14. F4,17 = F17,4 13.88 Tension
15. F3,17 = F17,3 7.7 Tension
16. F2,17 = F17,2 8.61 Tension
17. F1,17 = F17,1 63.11 Comp
18. F16,15 = F15,16 24.43 Comp

Member forces
Sl.no Member to be design Load combination Design load
Dead load Dead load
+liveload +wind load
1. Rafter
a. F12 = F21 33.83 (C ) 72.57 (T)
b. F23 = F32 30.76 (c ) 68 (T) 33.83 { Comp}
c. F34 = F43 30.76 (c ) 72.04 (T) 72.57 {tension}
d. F45 = F54 29.183 (C ) 72.08 (T)
e. F56 = F65 26.11 (c ) 66.986 (T)
26.11 (c ) 71.02 (T)
f. F67 = F76
2. Main e
ti F1,17 = F17,1 30.25 (T) 63.11 (C ) 30.25 {tension}
a. F17,16 = F16,17 24.76 (T) 47.7 (C ) 63.11 {comp}
b. 16.55 (T) 24.43 (C )
F16,15 = F15,16
c.
3. Struts
F2,17 = F17,2
a. 3.72 (c ) 8.62 (T)
b. F3,17 = F17,3 2.75(c ) 7.7 (T) 7.4 {comp}
c. F5,18 = F18,5 3.067 (c ) 8.09 (T) 20.99{tension}
d. F6,18 = F18,6 2.75 (C ) 7.7 (T)
e. F4,16 = F16,4 7.4 (C ) 20.99 (T)

Step 4: design of various member of the truss

Design of rafter

We have load = 33.83 kN (compression)

= 72.57kN (tension)

Using a minimum double angle section 2-IS50X50,6mm thick connected on both side of 8mm gussate
plate by 20mm dia rivet:

x 20 mmdia rivet hole

40x40x6mm
thick
section gussat plate

We have area A= 5.68cm2

The Agross= 2x 5.68 = 11.36cm2

Anet= Agross(area lost due to rivet hole)

= 11.36 (2x2.15x.6) = 8.78cm2

Then rxx= 1.51cm


The`reforeryy of the section as a whole

ryy

=2.39cm

Effective length y-y is =96cm

Effective length about x-x is = 0.7 x panel length

= 0.7x96 = 67.2cm

Slenderness ratio

Thus

And
Therefor the for = 44.5= from table (IS800) page 39 we get assuming (f y=250MPa)
The 135.85MPa

Actaul compressive stress

The MPa
Thus is safe

Actual tensil stress

The MPa
Thus is safe

Design of main tie

Design load = 30.25 kN (tension)

= 63.11kN (compression)

Using a minimum double angle section 2-IS50X50,6mm thick connected on both side of 8mm gussate
plate by 20mm dia rivet: We have area A= 5.68cm2

The Agross= 2x 5.68 = 11.36cm2


Anet= Agross(area lost due to rivet hole)

= 11.36 (2x2.15x0.6) = 8.78cm2

Then rxx= 1.51cm

Therefore ryy of the section as a whole

ryy

=2.39cm

Effective length y-y is =2x85.8 = 171.6cm

Effective length about x-x is = 0.7 x 171.6

= 120.12cm

Slenderness ratio

Thus

And
Therefor the for = 79.55 = from table (IS800) page 39 we get assuming (fy=250MPa)

The 114.55MPa

Actaul compressive stress

The
Thus is safe

Actual tensil stress

The
Thus is safe

Design of strut

Design load = 7.4kN {comp}

= 20.99kN {tension}
Using a minimum double angle section IS60X60,6mm thick connected on both side of 8mm gussate
plate by 20mm dia rivet:

We have area A= 6.84cm2

Then rxx= 1.82cm

Effective length y-y is =128.5cm

Slenderness ratio

Therefor the for = 70.60= from table (IS800) page 39 we get assuming (fy=250MPa)

The 110.3MPa

Actaul compressive stress

The MPa
( Thus is safe)

Design of the joints:

Strength of rivet in the single shear = kN

Double shear strength = 2x 36.31 = 72.62 kN

Bearing strength in the 6mm plate = 21.5x6x300 =38.7kN

Bearing strength in the 5mm plate = 21.5x5x300 =32.25kN


member Design load Rivet value No.rivet
Rafter -33.83 kN 36.31 2 min
2-IS50X50x6mm 72.57kN
Main tie 30.25 kN 36.31 2 min
2-IS50X50,6mm - 63.11kN
Strut -7.4kN 32.25 1 or 2 min
IS60X60,6mm 20.99kN

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