PROBLEM 2.

31
Problem 2.31 (Contd)
Problem 2.34

Carbon monoxide gas (CO) contained within a piston-cylinder assembly undergoes three
processes in series:

Process 1-2: Constant pressure expansion at 5 bar from V1 = 0.2 m3 to V2 = 1 m3.

Process 2-3: Constant volume cooling from state 2 to state 3 where p3 = 1 bar.

Process 3-1: Compression from state 3 to the initial state during which the pressure-volume
relationship is pV = constant.

Sketch the processes in series on p-V coordinates and evaluate the work for each process, in kJ.

KNOWN: Carbon monoxide gas within a piston-cylinder assembly undergoes three processes
in series.

FIND: Sketch the processes in series on a p-V diagram and evaluate the work for each process.

SCHEMATIC AND GIVEN DATA: p

(bar)
CO
1
5 2
Process 1-2: Constant pressure expansion at 5
bar from V1 = 0.2 m3 to V2 = 1 m3.
Process 2-3: Constant volume cooling from
state 2 to state 3 where p3 = 1 bar.
Process 3-1: Compression from state 3 to the
initial state during which the pressure-volume 1 pV = constant 3
relationship is pV = constant.

0.2 1 V (m3)

ENGINEERING MODEL: (1) The gas is the closed system. (2) Volume change is the only
work mode. (3) Each of the three processes is specified.

ANALYSIS: Since volume change is the only work mode, Eq. 2.17 applies.

Process 1-2: Constant pressure processes:

(out)

Process 2-3: Constant volume (piston does not move). Thus W23 = 0
 Problem 2.33 (Continued)

Process 3-1: For process 3-1, pV = constant = p1V1 . Noting that V3 = V2, we get

Inserting values and converting units

1 = -160.9 kJ (in)

1. The net work for the three process is

Wnet = W12 + W23 + W31 = (+400) + 0 + (-160.9) = 239.1 kJ (net work is positive - out)
Problem 2.35

Air contained within a piston-cylinder assembly undergoes three processes in series:

Process 1-2: Compression during which the pressure-volume relationship is pV = constant from
p1 = 10 lbf/in.2, V1 = 4 ft3 to p2 = 50 lbf/in.2

Process 2-3: Constant volume from state 2 to state 3 where p = 10 lbf/in.2

Process 3-1: Constant pressure expansion to the initial state.

Sketch the processes in series on a p-V diagram. Evaluate (a) the volume at state 2, in ft3, and (b)
the work for each process, in Btu.

KNOWN: Air within a piston-cylinder assembly undergoes three processes in series.

FIND: Sketch the processes in series on a p-V diagram. Evaluate (a) the volume at state 2, and
(b) the work for each process.

SCHEMATIC AND GIVEN DATA:

p 2
Air
pV = constant
Process 1-2: Compression during which the
pressure-volume relationship is pV = constant
from p1 = 10 lbf/in.2, V1 = 4 ft3 to p2 = 50 lbf/in.2
Process 2-3: Constant volume from state 2 to state
3 where p = 10 lbf/in.2 3 1
Process 3-1: Constant pressure expansion to the
initial state. V

ENGINEERING MODEL: (1) The gas is the closed system. (2) Volume change is the only
work mode. (3) Each of the three processes is specified.

ANALYSIS: (a) For process 1-2; pV = constant. Thus p1V1 = p2V2, and

= 0.8 ft3

(b) Since volume change is the only work mode, Eq. 2.17 applies.

Process 1-2: For process 1-2, pV = constant = p1V1 . Thus

Problem 2.35 (Continued)

Inserting values and converting units

= -11.92 Btu (in)

Process 2-3: Constant volume (piston does not move). Thus W23 = 0

Process 3-1: Constant pressure processes (p3 = p1):

Noting that V3 = V2

= 5.92 Btu (out)

1. The net work for the three process is

Wnet = W12 + W23 + W31 = (-11.92) + 0 + (5.92)) = - 6 kJ (net work is negative - in)
PROBLEM 2.59
PROBLEM 2.60