REPORTED SPEECH

Examples
Direct Report Reported Speech S + V + C , He said. Direct Speech
She said (that) S+V+C Reported S.
She told me (that) S+V+C
S. present (to be) S. past (to be) Im a patient person
AM/IS/ARE WAS/WERE He said (that) he was a patient person.
S. PRESENT (other verbs) S. PAST(other verbs) I like going shopping, she said.
S+V PRESENT + C S+VPAST+C She said (that) she liked shopping.
S. PAST She went to the cinema, He said.
S+VPAST+C PAST PERFECT He said that she had gone to the cinema.
PRESENT PERFECT HAD+P.P We have been to Cuzco several times, they said.
HAVE/HAS+P.P They said they had been to Cuzco several times.
PAST PERFECT I had already eaten by the time you arrived, he said.
HAD+P.P He said (that) he had already eaten by the time I
arrived.
PRESENT CONTINUOUS PAST CONTINUOUS Were learning French, they said.
AM/IS/ARE+ VING WAS/WERE+VING They said (that) they were learning French.
PAST CONTINUOUS I was watching TV when you called, she said.
WAS/WERE+VING PAST PERFECT She said (that) she had been watching when I called.
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS I had been watching TV for 2 hours when you called
HAVE/HAS+P.P HAD BEEN + VING She said (that) she had been watching TV for 2 hours
when I called.
BE GOING TO WAS/WERE GOING TO Im going to travel next year, she said.
she said (that) she was going to travel next year,
WILL WOULD I will travel next year, She said.
She said (that) she would travel next year.
CAN I can play the piano, he said.
COULD He said (that) he could play the piano.
COULD I could help you if you want, he said
He said (that) he could help me if I wanted.
MAY I may go to a party this weekend, he said.
MIGHT He said (that) he might go to a party this weekend.
MIGHT I might go to a party this weekend, she said.
She said (that) she might go to a party this weekend.
HAVE TO You have to study hard, the teacher said
HAD TO The teacher said (that) I had to study hard
MUST I must study hard, he said
He said (that) he had to study hard
SHOULD SHOULD He should go to the doctor, she said.
She said (that) he should go to the doctor.
 REPORTED SPEECH YES/NO QUESTION FORM

Examples
Direct Report Reported Speech Aux + S + (V) + C ?, He asked. Direct Speech
She asked (me) if whether S+V+C Reported S.
S. present (to be) S. past (to be) Is he a patient person?
AM/IS/ARE WAS/WERE He asked if/whether he was a patient person.
S. PRESENT (other verbs) Does she like going shopping, she asked.
S. PAST(other verbs)
S+V PRESENT + C S+VPAST+C He asked if/whether she liked going shopping.
S. PAST Did she go to the cinema?, He asked..
S+VPAST+C PAST PERFECT He asked if/whether she had gone to the cinema.
PRESENT PERFECT HAD+P.P Have they ever been to Cuzco ?, he asked.
HAVE/HAS+P.P He asked if/whether they had ever been to Cuzco.
PAST PERFECT Had she already eaten by the time you arrived ?, he asked.
HAD+P.P He asked if/whether she had already eaten by the time I arrived.
PRESENT CONTINUOUS PAST CONTINUOUS Are you learning French?, they asked.
AM/IS/ARE+ VING WAS/WERE+VING They asked if/whether I was learning French.
PAST CONTINUOUS Were you watching TV when I called? , he asked her.
WAS/WERE+VING PAST PERFECT He asked if/whether she had been watching when he called.
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS Had you been watching TV for 2 hours when I called?
HAVE/HAS+P.P HAD BEEN + VING He asked if/whether she had been watching TV for 2 hours
when you called.
BE GOING TO WAS/WERE GOING TO Are you going to travel next year, she asked him.
She asked if/whether he was going to travel next year,

WILL WOULD Will you travel next year, he asked her.

He asked if/whether she would travel next year.
CAN Can you play the piano?, he asked her.
COULD He asked if/whether she could play the piano.
COULD Could you walk when you were one year old?, he asked me
He asked if/whether I could walk when you were one year old.
MAY May you go to a party this weekend?, he said.
MIGHT He asked if/whether he might go to a party this weekend.
MIGHT Might you go to a party this weekend?, she said.
He asked if/whether she might go to a party this weekend.
HAVE TO Do you have to do homework at the weekend?, the teacher
HAD TO said
He asked if/whether) I had to do homework at the weekend
MUST Must he study hard? , she asked.
She asked if/whether he had to study hard
SHOULD SHOULD Should he go to the doctor, she asked him.
She asked if/whether he should go to the doctor.

(R) The girl said she knew the answer.

(D) The girl said, I know the answer.

( R) Bills grandma said she would be eighty next year.

( D) Bills grandma said, I will be eighty next year

( R) Eve told Fay she had just found a purse in the road.
(D) Eve told Fay, Ive just found a purse in the road

(R ) The doctor told Fred that the tablets would soon make him feel better.
(D) The doctor told Fred, the tablets will soon make you feel better.
 REPORTED SPEECH WH- QUESTION FORM

Examples
Direct Report Reported Speech Aux + S + (V) + C ?, He asked. Direct Speech
She asked (me) wh-word S+V+C Reported S.
S. present (to be) S. past (to be) when is he a patient person?
AM/IS/ARE WAS/WERE He asked when he was a patient person.
S. PRESENT (other verbs) How often does she like going shopping, she asked.
S. PAST(other verbs)
S+V PRESENT + C S+VPAST+C He asked how often she liked going shopping.
S. PAST Who did she go to the cinema with ?, He asked..
S+VPAST+C PAST PERFECT He asked who she had gone to the cinema with.
PRESENT PERFECT HAD+P.P How many times have they been to Cuzco ?, he asked.
HAVE/HAS+P.P He asked how many times they had been to Cuzco.
PAST PERFECT What had she done by the time you arrived ?, he asked.
HAD+P.P He asked what she had done by the time I arrived.
PRESENT CONTINUOUS PAST CONTINUOUS Where are you learning French?, they asked.
AM/IS/ARE+ VING WAS/WERE+VING They asked where I was learning French.
PAST CONTINUOUS Were you watching TV when I called? , he asked her.
WAS/WERE+VING PAST PERFECT He asked if/whether she had been watching when I called.
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS What had you been doing when I called?
HAVE/HAS+P.P HAD BEEN + VING He asked what she had been doing when he called.
BE GOING TO WAS/WERE GOING TO Why are you going to travel next year, she asked him.
She asked why he was going to travel next year,

WILL WOULD Why will you travel next year, he asked her.
He asked why she would travel next year.
CAN what can you do?, he asked her.
 COULD He asked what she could do.
COULD What could you do when you were one year old?, he asked me
He asked what I could walk when you were one year old.
MAY Not possible
MIGHT MIGHT Not posibble

HAVE TO What do you have to do this weekend for homework?, the

HAD TO teacher said
He asked what) I had to do homework at the weekend
MUST What must he do to get good scores? , she asked.
She asked what he had to study hard
SHOULD SHOULD When should he go to the doctor, she asked him.
She asked when he should go to the doctor.
 Direct Speech Reported Speeech
Affirmative I went to a party, he said.He said (that) he had gone to a party.
and He told me (that)
Negative She wont travel He said (that) she wouldnt travel.
S + said /told (me)(that)+ S + V + C
Yes/No Are you from Peru? She asked (me) if/whether I was from Peru.
Question She asked (me) if/whether I had gone to a
Did you go to a party? party.
S + asked (me)+ if/whether + S+V+C
Wh- Where do you live She asked (me) where I lived.
question What time did you get up She asked (me) what time I had got up.
S + asked (me)+ wh word + S+V+C
Requests Can you help me? She asked me to help her.
(asking for a Could/will you open the He asked me to open the door.
favour)
door? S + asked me+ (not) to + inf verb
Orders Dont go out after midnight! He told me not to go out after midnight.
(Imperatives) Do your homework! She told me to do my homework.
S + told (me)+ (not) to + inf verb
Can you play the piano? She asked (me) if I could play the piano.
Can you do me a favour? She asked me to do her a favour.

VERB VERBS EXAMPLES

PATTERS
End up, enjoy, suggest, The party was great
verb+ing (doing) regret, dont mind, finish, She enjoyed going to the party.
keep, miss, deny, imagine, Why dont we travel for holidays
They suggested travelling for holidays.
Prefer, seem, continue, I dont want to do my homework
plan, decide, manage, He refused to do his homework.
Verb+ infinitive refuse, hope, pretend, need, Ill bring souvenirs for you
with to promise, claim offer, He promised to bring souvenirs.
threaten, help I can help you with your homework, he said
He helped her to do his homework
Verb + ing Like, love, hate, forget, Id like to eat more ice-cream
Or remember, prefer, begin, She loves eating ice-cream
verb + infinitive continue, start, She loves to eat ice-cream.
with to
Allow, force, encourage, Dont go out after midnight, Jorge
verb+ expect, persuade, ask, teach, She warned him not to go out after mignight.
object+infinitive help, pay, convince, warn Come on, lets go to Orlando, Carlos said.
 with to Carlos persuaded us to go to Orlando
+ verb + infinitive Make, let, help You can go to the party, Chris
She let him go to the party.
I can help you with your homework, he said
He helped her do his homework
Might, can, will, would, Id like to drink coffee instead of tea
Verb + infinitive would rather, should, had She would rather drink coffee than tea.
(modals) better.
others Believe, report, imply, I think they stole money from the bank.
confirm, predict, announce She believes that they had stolen money from
the bank.
Verbs + Insit on Come on, lets go shopping
prepositions Congratulate on She insists on going shopping.
Apologise for V ing Im sorry, Im late
Admit to noun He apologised for being late
Complain about
Argue about
Inquire about
 Sara accused Bob of using her computer.
Sara asked Bob if he had been using her computer.
Bob claimed that he hadnt used her computer and suggested asking
Pete.
Sara asked Pete if he had been playing video games on her computer.
Pete explained that he couldnt even use a computer.
Sara apologised for accusing Pete.
Pete suggested asking Jon
Pete told her that it had probably been Jon.
Sara asked how he knew that.
Pete explained that he had seen him sitting at her desk yesterday
afternoon.
Sara asked Jon if it was true he had used her computer.
Jon admitted using Saras computer and apologised for doing it.
Sara told him not to be sorry and congratulated him on getting the
highest score ever.