SIMULATION LAB MINI PROJECT

MATLAB:

- Do the short reports that consist of the problem statement,

codding/command that you type in the function file and the command that
you type in the command window.
- All the mathematical equation should be solve using matlab (e.g:
differentiation and new value after linearization for curve fitting)
- Use can use exactly the same general command as tutorial for each
question. Since it is the general command, you should have different
function file based on the question given.
Group 1

1. Use newton rapson method to determine the drag coefficient Cd needed for a parachutist
of mass m = 68.1 kg to have a velocity of 40 m/s after free falling for time t = 10 s. The
acceleration due to gravity is 9.81 m/s2. Compare the answer with false position method.
Solve for the Cd with initial guess of Cd = 12

( )
Cd
( ) t
gm
f (Cd)= 1e m v
Cd

2. The creep rate is the time rate at which strain increases, and stress data below were
obtained from a testing procedure. Using a power law curve fit, = Bm. find the value of
B and m. Plot your results using a log-log scale.

Creep rate, min-1 0.0004 0.0011 0.0021 0.0031

Stress, MPa 5.775 8.577 10.874 12.555

3. If water is drained from a vertical cylindrical tank by opening a valve at the base, the
water will flow fast when the tank is full and slow down as it continues to drain. As it
turns out, the rate at which the water level drops is:
dy
=k y
dt

where k is a constant depending on the shape of the hole and the cross-sectional area of
the tank and drain hole. The depth of the water y is measured in meters and the time t in
minutes. If k = 0.06, determine how long it takes the tank to drain if the fluid level is
initially 3 m. Solve by applying Eulers equation. Use a step of 5 minutes.
Group 2

1. The following equation pertains to the concentration of a chemical in a completely mixed

reactor:

c=c ( 1e0.04 t ) +c o e0.04 t

If the initial concentration co = 4 and the inflow concentration cin = 10, compute the time
required for c to be 93 percent of cin by using newton rapson method.

2. The data tabulated below was generated from an experiment initially containing pure
ammonium cyanate (NH4OCN). It is known that such concentration changes can be
modeled by the following equation: c = c0 / (1 + kc0t). where c0 and k are parameters. Use
a transformation to linearize this equation. Then use linear regression to predict the
concentration at t = 160 min.

t (min) 0 20 50 65 150
c (mole/L) 0.381 0.264 0.180 0.151 0.086

3. The rate of cooling of a body can be expressed as

dT
=k ( TT a )
dt

where T = temperature of the body (C), Ta = temperature of the surrounding medium

(C), and k = the proportionality constant (min1). Thus, this equation specifies that the
rate of cooling is proportional to the difference in temperature between the body and the
surrounding medium. If a metal ball heated to 90C is dropped into water that is held at a
constant value of Ta = 20C, use a numerical method to compute how long it takes the
ball to cool to 40C if k = 0.25 min1.
Group 3

1. You are designing a spherical tank to hold water for a small village in a developing
country. The volume of liquid it can hold can be computed as
2
h ( 3 r h )
V=
3
where V = volume (m3), h = depth of water in tank (m), and R = the tank radius (m). If
R = 3m, what depth must the tank be filled to so that it holds 30m 3? Use the Newton-
Raphson method.

2. An environmental engineer has reported the data tabulated below for an experiment to
determine the growth rate of bacteria, k, as a function of oxygen concentration, c. It is
known that such data can be modeled by the following equation k = kmaxc2 / (cs + c2).
where cs and kmax are parameters. Use a transformation to linearize this equation. Then
use linear regression to estimate cs and kmax and predict the growth rate at c = 2 mg/L.

c (mg/L) 0.5 0.8 1.5 2.5 4

k (per day) 1.1 2.4 5.3 7.6 8.9

3. The rate of heat flow (conduction) between two points on a cylinder heated at one end is
given by
dQ dT
=A
dt dx

where = a constant, A = the cylinders cross-sectional area, Q = heat flow, T =

temperature, t = time, and x = distance from the heated end. Because the equation
involves two derivatives, we will simplify this equation by letting
dT 100(Lx )(20t )
=
dx ( 100xt )

where L is the length of the rod. Combine the two equations and compute the heat flow
for t = 0 to 25 s. The initial condition is Q(0) = 0 and the parameters are = 0.5 cal cm/s,
A = 12 cm2, L = 20 cm, and x = 2.5 cm. Plot your result.
Group 4

1. The concentration of pollutant bacteria c in a lake decreases according to

c = 75e1.5t + 20e0.075t
Determine the time required for the bacteria concentration to be reduced to 15 using the
Newton-Raphson method with an initial guess of t = 6 and a stopping criterion of 0.5%.

2. The following model is frequently used in environmental engineering to parameterize the

effect of temperature, T (C), on biochemical reaction rates, k (per day), k = k20 (T20)
where k20 and are parameters. Use a transformation to linearize this equation. Then
employ linear regression to estimate k20 and and predict the reaction rate at T = 17C.

T (C) 6 12 18 24 30
k (per day) 0.14 0.20 0.31 0.46 0.69

3. A mass balance for a chemical in a completely mixed reactor can be written as

dc
V =FQckV c 2
dt

where V = volume (12 m3), c = concentration (g/m3), F = feed rate (175 g/min), Q=
flow rate (1 m3/min), and k = a second-order reaction rate (0.15 m3/g/min). If c(0) = 0,
solve the ODE until the concentration reaches a stable level. Use the euler method (h =
0.5) and plot your results.