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X L CC CHT KH V HI
7.1. i cng v cc kh va hi c hi
7.1.1. Khi ni m v ngu n pht sinh
Phn bit khi va hi (v d khi: CO2, hi: hi xng)
Kh va hi c hi = cc cht nhim khng kh dng kh va
hi c th gy c hi i vi sc khe con ngi v sinh vt.
Cc cht N ph bin: CO, SO2, NOx, O3, VOC, H2S, HCl, Cl2
B ng 7.1. Mt s kh va hi c hi thng thng v ngun pht sinh
Kh Ngun pht sinh C ch pht sinh
SO2 Kh thi l t than, du, kh; Phn ng chy ca S trong nhin liu
CN sn xut H2SO4 Sn phm trung gian trong SX
NOx Kh x ng c t, xe my; Phn ng ca N2 v O2 trong khng kh nhit
Kh thi nh my nhit in; cao
CN phn bn, sn xut HNO3 Sn phm trung gian
CO Kh x ng c t, xe my; khi Phn ng chy ca C v cc cht hu c trong
l t than; kh thi CN iu kin thiu O2
VOCs Dy chuyn sn xut (khai thc Bay hi, tht thot dung mi hu c
ch bin du m, sn,)
Kh x ng c t, xe my t chy khng hon ton nhin liu du kh
7.2.2.Thi t b x l
Cc thp hp th c cc kiu:
thp phun r ng: cht lng c phun thnh git nh trong
th tch rng thit b v cho dng kh i qua (ngc dng)
(H.7.1.a) c th. kt hp loi bi.
thp c l p m: cht lng c ti trn lp m v chy
xung di to ra b mt t ca lp m dng kh tip
xc i qua (H.7.1.b)
thp c cc a ti p xc: khi i qua cc tm c l> (a) bn
trn c mng mng cht lng (H.7.1.c)
Thp c lp m c p dng ph bin nht:
u im: tng b mt tip xc kh-lng
Vt liu m: , snh s, kim loi, plastic,..;
Cc yu t nh hng: tc kh thi, tc phun cht
lng, kch c vt liu m, chiu cao thp
Khoa Mi tr ng Tr ng HKH Hu Bi gi ng Cng ngh Mi tr ng Mi
6 tr ng 7-6
Chng 7. X L CC CHT KH V HI
a) b) c)
7.3.2.Thi t b x l
C 2 nhm thit b hp phu/:
Nhm hp ph khng ti sinh:
p dng vi ngun thi quy m nho. hay lc khng khi my iu ha
Cc dng: phng (flat), ng (cylindrical), np gp (pleated), hp (canister)
Nhm hp ph c ti sinh
p dng vi ngun thi quy m ln, khi thi c gia tr cn thu hi
Cc dng: lp hp ph c nh (fixed bed), lp hp ph di chuyn (moving
bed), lp hp ph kiu tng si (fluidized bed)
Vn hnh thit b hp ph c ti sinh (Hnh 7.4)
Thng lp 2 n nguyn song song (khi 1 thit b bo ha, s chuyn
khi thi sang thit b khc va ti sinh thit b th nht).
Dng hi nc, khng khi nng hay khi tr ti sinh (gii hp phu/)
Hi nc cha kh gii hp c dn qua thit b ngng t thu hi.
Kh thi thng c a vo thit b t trn xung hn l t
di ln, trnh s thot ra ngoi ca cht hp ph.
b) thit b hp ph lp c nh c ti sinh
a) thit b hp ph phng
(chiu dy lp hp ph = 0,3 - 1,2 m; vg =
(c th lm vic vi Q = 9,4 m3/s)
6,0 - 30 m/min)
kh vo ngn 1 s ng v
van vo ngn 2 m. Khi thi
qua lp s ngn 2 c gia 38 C o 77 C o
nhit ln 7770C
Bng chu k ng-m van rt
nhanh (30-120 s), kh thi i
vo ngn c nhit cao, kh
sau x l i ra t ngn c
nhit thp. Hnh 7.9. Bung t nhiu ngn c thu hi nhit
Hiu sut thu hi nhit t
(Ngun: Schnelle, Karl B. Air pollution control technology
n 98%. handbook, CRC Press, 2002)
(Ngun: Schnelle, Karl B. Air pollution control technology handbook, CRC Press, 2002)
Khoa Mi tr ng Tr ng HKH Hu Bi gi ng Cng ngh Mi tr ng Mi
24 tr ng 7 - 24
Chng 7. X L CC CHT KH V HI
NOx, O2 N2,
NH3, H2O
NOx, O2
HC CO2
HC, CO, NO Pt-H + NO Pt-O + N2 Pt-O + Pt-H+ N2, CO2, H2O
CO H2O
Trong kh thi (+NH3) Thi vo kh
O2 quyn