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I.

Significance

The spiral curve is a curve of constantly changing radius. If used


to connect a straight to a curve of radius R, then the
commencing radius of the transition will be the same as the
straight (), and the final radius will be that of the curve R. The
purpose then of a spiral curve is to achieve a gradual change of
direction from the straight (radius) to the curve (radius R) and
permit the gradual application of super-elevation to counteract
centrifugal force and minimize passenger discomfort.

II. Objective
To be able to know the process in how to lay out a spiral
curve on certain location using the transit, tape and other
equipment. This process includes computation using the
principles and formulas taught to us by Engr. Sauro.
To be able also to make decisions that help us grow more
experience in this field of expertise.

III. Apparatus

1. Engineers transit
2. Tape
3. Nails
4. Marker
5. Yellow paper and bullpen ( recording )

IV. Summary of procedures

August 9, 2014
We met at the sport center to gather data to be use in
laying-out the spiral curve. First, Frence set-up the transit at
the intersection of the two straight lane. Second, Peter with
the assistance of Meryl gets the intersection angle. Third,
we design a 60 kph speed limit of the curve. Fourth, down
measure the external distance where our curve would pass.
Then we used the three formula (External distance, offset
distance, length of spiral) to solve other element of spiral.
After that we find out that the tangent distance is so long
and we observe that we cannot layout the spiral curve
because we will hit the fence. So, Peter and Down measure
the tangent distance instead of external distance. Then we
solve the three equations involving the formula for the
tangent distance, length of spiral (using 60 kph), and offset
distance. Then we get an imaginary number answer. So,
instead of solving we make a trial and error to get the length
of spiral and radius of the simple curve. Then we finally
solve the elements of spiral curve.

August 13, 2014

We layout the spiral curve. First, Renathan and James locate


the T.S and S.T with the aid of a tape and a transit setup at
the vertex. Second, Peter setup the transit at T.S and we
layout the spiral curve. In laying out spiral curve, Meryl set
the horizontal angle equivalent to its deflection angle and
sight the sub-chord distance then marks it with nail. After
that we repeat the procedures in laying out spiral curve at
S.T. Third, Frence and James measure the long tangent from
S.T. along the tangent of spiral curve and we designate this
as point A. Then Frence set up the transit at point A and set
the horizontal angle equivalent to the spiral angle at S.C and
measure it short tangent and mark it with a nail. Fourth,
Peter set up the transit at S.C and layout the simple curve.
In laying out the simple curve, we lay out the first point on
the curve by losing the upper clamp and we set the reading
of the horizontal angle equivalent to its deflection angle
(with the aid of upper tangent screw) and we sight its sub-
chord distance and mark the point using the nail. After that,
we set the reading of the horizontal angle equal to the
second deflection angle and sight 5m from the last establish
point. Then repeat the process up to the last point before
the sta. C.S.

VIII. Reference

Engineering surveying by W. Schofield and M. Breach


Surveying for civil and geodetic licensure exam by
besavilla

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