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I.

Significance

In the geometric design of motorways, railways, pipelines, etc.,


the design and setting out of curves is an important aspect of
the engineers work. The initial design is usually based on a
series of straight sections whose positions are defined largely by
the topography of the area. The intersections of pairs of straights
are then connected by horizontal curves.
II. Objective
To be able to know the process in how to lay out a simple
curve on certain location using the transit, tape and other
equipment. This process includes computation using the
principles and formulas taught to us by Engr. Sauro.
To be able also to make decisions that help us grow more
experience in this field of expertise.

III. Apparatus

1. Engineers transit
2. Tape
3. Nails
4. Marker
5. Straw
6. Yellow paper and bullpen ( recording )

IV. Summary of procedures

On July 3, 2014, we gathered at the sport center (at the


bleacher). Then with the assistance of Engr. Sauro, he
determined the point of intersection by aligning himself
along the two straight roads. After set upping the transit at
the point of intersection, we measure the angle of
intersection (I) by back sighting the middle of the straight
road where the prefer P.C can be found but before back
sighting the prefer P.C the Vernier must be 0-0 and fasten
the upper clamp but loosen the lower clamp. After that,
fasten the lower clamp and loosen the upper clamp. Then
reverse the telescope and fore sight the prefer P.T and
fasten the upper clamp then record the horizontal angle
which is equivalent to I.
We measure also the external distance where the curve
could pass. Then we solve the tangent distance given the
external distance and angle of intersection by finding first
the radius. Since the tangent distance was known, we lay
out the tangent distance from the P.I to P.T. And setting the
Vernier to 0-0 without disturbing the lower clamp then we
lay out the tangent distance from P.I to P.C.

On July 4, 2014, we lay out the curve and decide the


stationing of P.I would be 20+150. First we level the
instrument at P.C; second we set the Vernier to 0-0 then
fasten the upper clamp and loosen the lower clamp. After
that we sight the P.I and fasten the lower clamp. We choose
that the measurement of the subtended arc of the degree of
curve to be 10m. With the aid of our data, we compute the
stationing, degree of curve, sub-angles, sub-chord distance
and deflection angles. Then we lay out the first point on the
curve by losing the upper clamp and we set the reading of
the horizontal angle equivalent to its deflection angle (with
the aid of upper tangent screw) and we sight its sub-chord
distance and mark the point using the nail with a straw.
After that, we set the reading of the horizontal angle equal
to the second deflection angle and sight 10m from the last
establish point. Then repeat the process up to the last point
before the sta. P.T. And measure the distance from the last
point to sta. P.T. Then apply the correction on each point in
the curve.

V. Tabulation

VI. Observation and analysis

VII. Conclusion and analysis

VIII. Reference

Engineering surveying by W. Schofield and M. Breach


Surveying for civil and geodetic licensure exam by

besavilla

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