N MN HC GVHD: Ths.

PHAN XUN THNH

CHNG I: TNG QUAN

I. KHI QUT
- L hi l ngun cung cp nhit kh ph bin trong nhiu loi hnh cng
ngh, thng gp trong cc cng on sy, gia nhit nh hnh, gia nhit
cho cc phn ng ha hc, lm chn thc phm, kh trngTrong
nhiu ngnh sn xut, l hi l thit b khng th khng c.
- L hi c th c cp nhit t nhiu ngun khc nhau. cc l hi
cng sut nh thng cp nhit bng in, mt s l hin i dng
nhin liu l kh t ha lng (gas-LPG) km theo l h thng iu
chnh t ng. Vi cc l hi sch nh trn thng khng c vn
v mt khi bi thi. Tuy nhin, thng gp trong cc c s tiu th
cng nghip ti Thnh ph H Ch Minh l cc l hi dng nhin liu
t l chnh l g ci, than hoc du F.O. Cc sn phm chy do vic
t cc nhin liu trn thi vo khng kh thng l nguyn nhn dn
n tnh trng nhim mi trng.

II. C IM KHI THI T L HI

- c im khi thi ca cc loi l hi khc nhau, ty theo loi nhin
liu s dng.
- SO2 ch yu sinh ra trong qu trnh t nhin liu bng than hoc du
F.O.

c im khi thi l hi t bng than

- Kh thi ca l hi t than ch yu mang bi, CO2, CO, SO2, SO3,
NOxdo thnh phn ha cht c trong than kt hp vi xy trong qu
trnh chy to nn.
- Hm lng lu hunh trong than khong 0,5% nn trong kh thi c
3
SO2 vi nng khong 1333mg/m .

SVTH: TRNH TH MINH CHU 1

 c im khi thi l hi t bng du F.O
- Kh thi ca l hi t du F.O thng c cc cht sau: CO2, CO, SO2,
SO3, NOx, hi nc
- Ngoi ra cn c mt hm lng nh tro v cc ht tro rt nh trn ln
vi du chy khng ht tn ti di dng sol kh m ta thng gi l m
hng.
Bng: Nng cc cht trong kh thi l hi t du F.O
3
Cht gy nhim Nng (mg/m )
SO2 v SO3 5217 - 7000
CO 50
Tro bi 280
Hi du 0,4
NOx 428

( Trch S tay hng dn x l nhim mi trng trong sn xut tiu th

cng nghip X l khi l hi S Khoa hc, Cng ngh v mi trng
Tp.HCM )
Bng: Cc cht nhim trong khi thi l hi

Loi l hi Cht nhim

L hi t bng ci Khi + tro bi + CO + CO2
L hi t bng than Khi + tro bi + CO + CO2 + SO2 + SO3 + NOx
L hi t bng du Khi + tro bi + CO + CO2 + SO2 + SO3 + NOx
F.O

( Trch S tay hng dn x l nhim mi trng trong sn xut tiu th

cng nghip X l khi l hi S Khoa hc, Cng ngh v mi trng
Tp.HCM )
III. TC HI CA KH SO2
- Kh SO2 l loi kh khng mu, khng chy, c v hng cay. Do qu
trnh quang ha hay do s xc tc, kh SO2 d dng b oxy ha v bin
thnh SO3 trong kh quyn.
- Kh SO2 l loi kh c hi khng ch i vi sc khe con ngi, ng
thc vt m cn nh hng nghim trng n mi trng.

i vi sc khe con ngi

- SO2 l cht c tnh kch thch, nng nht nh c th gy co git
c trn ca kh qun. nng ln hn s gy tng tit dch nim mc
ng kh qun. Khi tip xc vi mt, chng c th to thnh axit.
Bng: Liu lng gy c
3
mg SO2/m Tc hi
20 - 30 Gii hn gy c tnh
50 Kch thch ng h hp, ho
130 - 260 Liu nguy him sau khi ht th (30 - 60 pht)
1000 - 1300 Liu gy cht nhanh (30 - 60 pht)

- SO2 c th xm nhp vo c th con ngi qua cc c quan h hp hoc

cc c quan tiu ha sau khi c ha tan trong nc bt. Cui cng,
chng c th xm nhp vo h tun hon.
- Khi tip xc vi bi, SO2 c th to ra cc ht axit nh c kh nng xm
nhp vo cc huyt mch nu kch thc ca chng nh hn 2-3 m.
- SO2 c th xm nhp vo c th qua da v gy ra cc chuyn i ha
hc. Kt qu l hm lng kim trong mu gim, ammoniac b thot
qua ng tiu v c nh hng n tuyn nc bt.
- Trong mu, SO2 tham gia nhiu phn ng ha hc, gy ri lon chuyn
ha ng v protein, gy thiu vitamin B v C, c ch enzyme
2+ 3+
oxydaza, to ra methemoglobine chuyn Fe (ha tan) thnh Fe
 (kt ta) gy tc nghn mch mu cng nh lm gim kh nng vn
chuyn oxy ca hng cu, gy co hp dy thanh qun, kh th.

i vi thc vt
- Cc loi thc vt nhy cm vi kh SO2 l ru v a y.
Bng: Nng gy c

Nng (ppm) Tc hi
0,03 nh hng n sinh trng ca rau qu
0,15 0,3 Gy c kinh nin
12 Chn thng l cy sau vi gi tip xc

i vi mi trng
- SO2 b oxy ha ngoi khng kh v phn ng vi nc ma to thnh
axit sulfuric hay cc mui sulfate gy hin tng ma axit, nh hng
xu n mi trng.

Qu trnh hnh thnh ma axit ca SO2

- Phn ng ho hp gia lu hunh ixt v cc hp cht gc hirxyl:
SO2 + OH HOSO2
- Phn ng gia hp cht gc HOSO2 v O2 s cho ra hp cht gc HO2
v SO3 :
HOSO2 + O2 HO2 + SO3
- Lu hunh trixt SO3 s phn ng vi nc v to ra H2SO4. y
chnh l thnh phn ch yu ca ma axt.
SO3(k) + H2O(l) H2SO4(l)
Cc tc hi ca ma axit
- Nc h b axit ha: ma axit ri trn mt t s ra tri cc cht dinh
dng trn mt t v mang cc kim loi c hi xung ao h, gy
nhim ngun nc trong h, ph hng cc loi thc n, uy hip s sinh
tn ca cc loi c v cc sinh vt khc trong nc.
 Bng: Cc nh hng ca pH n h thy sinh vt

pH<6,0 Cc sinh vt bc thp ca chui thc n b cht (ph du),

y l ngun thc n quan trng ca c.
pH<5,5 C khng th sinh sn c. C con kh sng st. C ln b
d dng do thiu dinh dng. C b cht do ngt.
pH<5,0 Qun th c b cht.

pH<4,0 Xut hin cc sinh vt mi khc vi cc sinh vt ban u.

- Rng b hy dit v sn lng nng nghip b gim: ma axit lm tn

thng l cy, gy tr ngi qu trnh quang hp, lm cho l cy b vng
v ri rng, lm gim mu m ca t v cn tr s sinh trng ca
cy ci.
- Lm tn hi sc khe con ngi: cc ht sulfate, nitrate to thnh trong
kh quyn lm hn ch tm nhn. Hn na, do hin tng tch t sinh
hc, khi con ngi n cc loi c c cha c t, cc c t ny s tch
t trong c th v gy nguy him i vi sc khe con ngi.
- Gy n mn vt liu v ph hy cc cng trnh kin trc.

IV. CC PHNG PHP X L SO2

Hp th kh SO2 bng nc
- L phng php n gin c p dng sm nht loi b kh SO2
trong kh thi, nht l trong khi t cc l cng nghip.
- u im: r tin, d tm, hon nguyn c.
+ -
SO2 + H2O H + HSO3
- Nhc im: do ha tan ca kh SO2 trng nc qu thp nn thng
phi dng mt lng nc rt ln v thit b hp th phi c th tch rt
 ln, cng knh. tch SO2 khi dung dch phi nung nng ln n
0
100 C nn tn rt nhiu nng lng, chi ph nhit ln.

( Trang 93 nhim khng kh v x l kh thi, tp 3 Trn Ngc Chn )

Hp th kh SO2 bng dung dch sa vi

- L phng php c p dng rt rng ri trong cng nghip v hiu
qu x l cao, nguyn liu r tin v sn c mi ni.

CaCO3 + SO2 CaSO3 + CO2

CaO + SO2 CaSO3
2CaSO3 + O2 2CaSO4
- u im: cng ngh n gin, chi ph u t ban u khng ln, chi ph
vn hnh thp, cht hp th r, d tm, lm sch kh m khng cn phi
lm lnh v tch bi s b, c th ch to thit b bng vt liu thng
thng, khng cn n vt liu chng axit v khng chim nhiu din
tch xy dng.
- Nhc im: ng cn thit b do to thnh CaSO4 v CaSO3, gy tc
nghn cc ng ng v n mn thit b.
( Trang 95 nhim khng kh v x l kh thi, tp 3 Trn Ngc Chn )

X l kh kh SO2 bng ammoniac

- Phng php ny hp th kh SO2 bng dung dch ammoniac to mui
amoni sunfit v amoni bisunfit theo phn ng sau:

SO2 + 2NH3 + H2O (NH4)2SO3

(NH4)2SO3 + SO2 + H2O 2NH4HSO3
- u im: hiu qu rt cao, cht hp th d kim v thu c mui
amoni sunfit v amoni bisunfit l cc sn phm cn thit.
- Nhc im: rt tn km, chi ph u t v vn hnh rt cao.

(Trang 100 nhim khng kh v x l kh thi, tp 3 Trn Ngc Chn)

 X l kh SO2 bng magie oxit
- Cc phn ng xy ra nh sau:
MgO + SO2 MgSO3
MgSO3 + SO2 + H2O Mg(HSO3)2
Mg(HSO3)2 + MgO 2MgSO3 + H2O
- u im: c th lm sch kh nng m khng cn lm lnh s b, thu
c axit sunfuric nh l sn phm ca s thu hi, hiu qu x l cao,
MgO d kim v r.
- Nhc im: quy trnh cng ngh phc tp, vn hnh kh, chi ph cao,
tn hao MgO kh nhiu.

(Trang 105 nhim khng kh v x l kh thi, tp 3 Trn Ngc Chn)

(Trang 106 nhim khng kh v x l kh thi, tp 3 Trn Ngc Chn)

 X l kh SO2 bng km oxit
- Phng php ny da theo cc phn ng sau:
SO2 + ZnO + 2,5 H2O
ZnSO3 . 2,5H2O ZnSO3 . 2,5H2O => ZnO
+ SO2 + 2,5H2O
0
- u im: c th lm sch kh nhit kh cao (200 - 250 C).
- Nhc im: c th hnh thnh ZnSO4 lm cho vic ti sinh ZnO bt li
v kinh t nn phi thng xuyn tch chng ra v b sung lng ZnO
tng ng.

X l SO2 bng km oxit kt hp natri sunfit

- Phng php ny da theo cc phn ng sau:
Na2CO3 + SO2 Na2SO3 + CO2
Na2SO3 + SO2+H2O 2NaHSO3
2NaHSO3 + ZnO ZnSO3 + Na2SO3 + H2O
- u im: khng i hi lm ngui s b khi thi, hiu qu x l cao.
- Nhc im: h thng x l kh phc tp v tiu hao nhiu mui natri.

(Trang 110 nhim khng kh v x l kh thi, tp 3 Trn Ngc Chn)

 X l kh SO2 bng cc cht hp th hu c
- Phng php ny c p dng nhiu trong x l kh thi t cc nh
my luyn kim mu.
- Cht hp th ch yu c dng l xyliin v imetylanilin.

Qu trnh sunfiin

- Cht hp th c s dng l hn hp xyliin v nc theo t l 1:1

2C6H3(CH3)2NH2 + SO2 2C6H3(CH3)2NH2 .
SO2
- Nu kh thi c nng SO2 thp th quy trnh ny khng kinh t v tn
hao xyliin.

(Trang 112 nhim khng kh v x l kh thi, tp 3 Trn Ngc Chn)

Qu trnh kh SO2 bng imetylanilin
- Vi kh thi c trn 35% (th tch) kh SO2 th dng imetylanilin lm
cht hp th s c hiu qu hn dng xyliin.

(Trang 113 nhim khng kh v x l kh thi, tp 3 Trn Ngc Chn)

 Hp ph kh SO2 bng than hot tnh
- Phng php ny c th p dng rt tt x l khi thi t cc nh
my nhit in, nh my luyn kim v sn xut axit sunfuric vi hiu
qu kinh t ng k.
- u im: s h thng n gin v vn nng, c th p dng c
cho mi qu trnh cng ngh c thi kh SO2 mt cch lin tc hay gin
0
on, cho php lm vic c vi kh thi c nhit cao (trn 100 C).
- Nhc im: ty thuc vo qu trnh hon nguyn c th l tiu hao
nhiu vt liu hp ph hoc sn phm thu hi c c ln nhiu axit
sunfuric v tn dng kh khn, phi x l tip mi s dng c.

(Trang 116 nhim khng kh v x l kh thi, tp 3 Trn Ngc Chn)

Hp ph kh SO2 bng vi, vi, olomit

- u im: hiu sut hp ph cao.
- Nhc im: cn chi ph u t ln do vt liu ch to thit b t (thit
b lm vic trong mi trng n mn mnh v nhit cao).
CHNG II: XUT V THUYT MINH QUY TRNH
CNG NGH

Yu cu: Thit k h thng x l kh thi SO2 t l hi bng thit b thp

hp th (thp m).

Ngun khi thi t l hi c cc thng s sau

3
- Lu lng kh: 12000 m /h
3
- Nng SO2: 8000 mg/m
0
- Nhit khi thi: 250 C
3
- Nng bi: 300 mg/m
- p sut: 1atm
Quy chun
- Theo QCVN 19: 2009/BTNMT, nng ti a cho php ca bi v SO2
c tnh theo cng thc sau:
Cmax = C . Kp . Kv
Trong :
3
- Cmax l nng ti a cho php ca bi v SO2 ( mg/Nm )
3
- C l nng ca SO2 quy nh ti mc 2.2 (mg/Nm )
- Kp l h s lu lng ngun thi quy nh ti mc 2.3
- Kv l h s vng, khu vc quy nh ti mc 2.4
Theo mc 2.2 QCVN 19: 2009/BTNMT
3
ct B, ta c: Cbi = 200 mg/Nm
3
CSO2 = 500 mg/Nm
Theo mc 2.3 QCVN 19: 2009/BTNMT, ta c lu lng ngun thi l
3 3
12000 m /h < 20000 m /h nn h s Kp = 1
Theo mc 2.4 QCVN 19: 2009/BTNMT, ta chn h s Kv =
1,0
 Ta c:
- Nng ti a cho php ca bi v SO2:
3
Cbi= 200 . 1 . 1 = 200 mg/Nm
3
CSO2=500 . 1 . 1 = 500 mg/Nm
- V th, ta p dng QCVN 19: 2009/BTNMT cho u ra ca HTXL.

Hiu sut ca qu trnh x l bng hp th

8000 500
E= .100% 93,75%
8000

La chn dung dch hp th

- Cc dung dch thng dng hp th kh SO2 c th l nc, huyn
ph sa vi (FGD), dung dch soda Na2CO3, dung dch NaOH
3
- Nng SO2 trong khi thi l hi theo bi l 8000 mg/m .

Chuyn sang nng Cppm

Cppm =
8000. 22,4 .(273 55)
3364( ppm)
64 . 273
- Ta thy, nng SO2 ban u l rt ln (3364 ppm > 2000 ppm) nn
khng p dng phng php hp th SO2 bng huyn ph sa vi c.
- i vi nng cao, ta c th p dng phng php hp th SO2 bng
nc hoc bng cc dung dch hp th c cha Natri nh NaOH v
Na2CO3.
- Tuy nhin, kh SO2 c ha tan trong nc kh thp nn thng phi
dng mt lng nc rt ln v thit b hp th phi c th tch rt ln,
cng knh. Mt khc, tch SO2 khi dung dch phi nung nng ln
0
n 100 C nn tn rt nhiu nng lng, chi ph nhit ln.
- NaOH v Na2CO3 l cc cht hp th c hot hp th mnh, c th
x l SO2 bt k nng no. Do , dung dch hp th la chn cho
quy trnh cng ngh l dung dch NaOH (pha long vi nc).
 S CNG NGH X L SO2 BNG PHNG PHP HP TH
ng khi

ng khi

Kh ra
Trao i
nhit

Van
chn Thp
hp th

Kh vo

Qut
Bm
Cyclone

L hi
NaOH
H2 O

Van

Thng cha
Nc sau
lng
X l

Cn

B lng
 Thuyt minh s cng ngh
3
- V nng bi tng i cao hn so vi nng cho php (300 mg/m
3
> 200 mg/m ) nn ta phi x l bi. Cho dng kh thi c cha bi i
qua Cyclone thu hi bi.
0
- Do nhit dng kh thi cao (250 C) nn sau khi qua Cyclone, dng
kh c dn qua thit b trao i nhit gim nhit xung thch
hp cho qu trnh hp th xy ra hiu qu.
- Dng qut thi kh vo thp m t di ln. Dung dch hp th NaOH
c bm t thng cha ln thp v ti trn lp vt liu m theo
chiu ngc vi chiu ca dng kh i trong thp.
- Cc phn ng xy ra trong thp
SO2 + 2NaOH Na2SO3 + H2O
Na2SO3 + SO2 + H2O 2NaHSO3
SO2 + NaHSO3 + Na2SO3 + H2O 3NaHSO3
- Kh sch i vo ng khi v thi ra mi trng c nng SO2 t tiu
chun cho php Cmax (Theo QCVN 19: 2009/BTNMT).
- Dung dch sau khi hp th c cha nhiu natri sunfit, natri bisunfit v
khi bi. Mt phn dung dch c bm tr li thng cha qua van iu
chnh lu lng v tip tc c bm ln thp ti cho vt liu m nu
lng dung dch NaOH cn d nhiu. Phn dung dch cn li c a
n b lng lng cc cn bn. Cn sau lng c em chn lp cn
nc sau lng c a i x l ri mi thi ra mi trng.
 CHNG III: TNH TON QU TRNH HP TH

I. CN BNG VT CHT
3
- Lu lng kh: 10000 m /h
3
- Nng SO2 u vo: 1200 mg/m
0
- Nhit kh vo thp: 600 C
3
- Nng bi: 300 mg/m
5
- p sut: Pt = 1atm = 760 mmHg = 1,0133.10 Pa.
c 3
- Nng u ra: CSO2 = 500 mg/m
0
- Nhit ca dung dch NaOH: 25 C
- Chn iu kin lm vic ca thp l nhit trung bnh ca dng kh
0 0
vo v dng lng vo, t = 40 C. Hn hp kh x l xem nh gm SO2
v khng kh.
1. u vo
- Sut lng mole ca hh kh i vo thp:
1.12000 446,163(kmol / h)
1 PV 0,082.(273 55)
G = RT

- Sut lng mole ca SO2:

.V
CSO2 8000.12000 1500(mol / h) 1,5(kmol / h)
GA =
M SO2 64
- Sut lng mole ca cu t tr:
GB =G1 GA 446,163 1,5 444,663(kmol / h)

- Nng phn mole ca SO2 trong hn hp kh:

G 1,5 3,362.10 3
y A = A 446,163 (mol SO2 / mol hhkh)
G1
- T s mol:
3
3,362.10 3,373.10
3
Y = y
A

3
1yA 1 3,362.10
 0
- Khi lng ring ca pha kh 0 C v 1atm:
3 3
1 yA 1 y A 3,362.10 1 3,362.10 3
hh SO2 kk 2,93 1,293 0,7719(kg / m )
3
=> hh 1,295(kg / m )
0
- Khi lng ring ca pha kh 55 C v 1atm:
1 273 1,078(kg / m 3 )
P T0 1,295. .
hh 0 . .
P0 T 1 273 55
2. u ra
- Sut lng mole ca SO2 c hp th:

M 0,9375.GA 0,9375.1,5 1,40625(kmol /
h)
- Sut lng mole ca SO2 cn li trong hn hp kh u ra:
GAc = G A M 1,5 1,40625 0,09375(kmol / h)
- Sut lng mole ca kh u ra:
G 444,663 0,09375 444,757(kmol / h)
c
G Bc = G B A

- Nng phn mole ca SO2 trong hn hp kh u ra:

3
G c 0 ,09375 0,211.10
c
y A = Ac 444,757 (mol SO2 / mol hhkh)
GB
- T s mol:
3
c 0,211.10 0,211.10
3
Y = y
c A

c 3
1yA 1 0,211.10
0
- Khi lng ring ca pha kh 0 C v 1atm:
c c 3 3
1 y A 1 y A 0,211.10 1 0,211.10 3
hhc SO2 kk 2,93 1,293 0,7733(kg / m )
3
=> hhc 1,293(kg / m )

0
- Khi lng ring ca pha kh 40 Cv 1atm (ta xem nh nhit dng
0
kh ra bng vi nhit lm vic l 40 C):
 P T0 1 1,128(kg / m
3
)
c
. .
c
1,293. . 273
hh 0

P0 T 1 273 40
II. XC NH PHNG TRNH CN BNG
- Xc nh ng cn bng thng qua cc d kin v ha tan ca SO2
trong nc.
Bng: p sut ring phn ca SO2 (mmHg) ti b mt phn chia hai
pha lng-kh
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
mgSO2/100mgH2O 10 C 20 C 30 C 40 C 50 C 60 C 70 C
0,0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0,5 21 29 42 60 83 111 144
1,0 42 59 85 120 164 217 281
1,5 64 90 129 181 247 328 426
2,0 86 123 176 245 333 444 581
2,5 108 157 224 311 421 562 739
3,0 130 191 273 378 511 682 897
3,5 153 227 324 447 603 804
4,0 176 264 376 518 698
4,5 199 300 428 588 793
5,0 223 338 482 661

(Trch Ti liu hc tp K thut x l kh thi - CBGD D M L - Qu

trnh hp th).
0
- iu kin lm vic ca qu trnh hp th l 40 C v p sut 1atm .
0
Bng: Bng th hin ha tan ca SO2 trong nc 40 C v p sut
1atm
*
mgSO2/100mgH2O P SO2 (mmHg)

0,0 0
0,5 60
1,0 120
1,5 181
2,0 245
2,5 311
3,0 378
3,5 447
4,0 518
4,5 588
5,0 661
 *
1. Tnh ton cho cp gi tr p SO2 = 60mmHg v CSO2 = 0,5gSO2/100gH2O
Pha kh
- Nng phn mole SO2 trong pha kh:
*
60
p SO2 0,07895
*
y 760
Pt

- T s mol:
y 0,07895
0,08572
Y 1 y 1 0,07895

Pha lng
- Nng phn mole SO2 trong pha lng:
0,5
mol SO2 trong dung dich 0,0014
x 64
mol SO2 trong dung dich H 0,5 100
mol
2O
64 18
- T s mol:
x 0,0014 0,0014
X
1 x 1 0,0014
2. Kt qu
*
CSO2 P SO2 x
y*
gSO2/100gH2O (mmHg)
0,0 0 0 0
0,5 60 0,07895 0,0014
1,0 120 0,15789 0,0028
1,5 181 0,23816 0,0042
2,0 245 0,32237 0,00559
2,5 311 0,40921 0,00698
3,0 378 0,49737 0,00837
3,5 447 0,58816 0,00975
4,0 518 0,68158 0,01112
4,5 588 0,77368 0,0125
5,0 661 0,86974 0,01387
 V ng cn bng

NG CN BNG

0.9

Nng phn mol SO2 trong pha kh

0.8

0.7

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0
0 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.01 0.012 0.014 0.016
Nng ph n mol SO2 trong pha lng

- ng cn bng ca qu trnh hp th SO2 tun theo nh lut Henry,

nn phng trnh ng cn bng c dng :
*
y = Hx
Trong :
*
y : nng phn mol SO2 trong pha kh ti trang thi cn bng
H: h s Henry
x: nng phn mol ca SO2 trong pha lng ti trang thi cn bng pha
Bng kt qu h s Henry

y* x H
0 0 0
0,07895 0,0014 56,39
0,15789 0,0028 56,39
0,23816 0,0042 56,7
0,32237 0,00559 57,68
0,40921 0,00698 58,63
0,49737 0,00837 59,42
0,58816 0,00975 60,32
0,68158 0,01112 61,29
0,77368 0,0125 61,89
0,86974 0,01387 62,71
 Ta c:

y A = 0,003362 (mol SO2/mol hh kh)
c
y A = 0.000211 (mol SO2/ mol hh kh)
- Do nng phn mol ca SO2 trong pha kh thay i trong khong rt
nh so vi nng c biu din trn th nn ta chn h s Henry
H = 56,39.

*
Phng trnh ng cn bng: y = 56,39x
Bng gi tr

-3 -3 -3 -3
y.10 Y.10 x.10 X.10
0,33 0,3301 0,0059 0,0059
0,66 0,6604 0,0117 0,0117
0,99 0,991 0,0176 0,0176
1,32 1,3217 0,0234 0,0234
1,65 1,6527 0,0293 0,0293
1,98 1,9839 0,0351 0,0351
2,31 2,3153 0,041 0,041
2,64 2,647 0,0468 0,0468
2,97 2,9788 0,0527 0,0527
3,3 3,3109 0,0585 0,0585
3,63 3,6432 0,0644 0,0644

- T bng s liu, ta thy gi tr ca cp y-x xp x gi tr Y-X nn xem

nh phng trnh ng cn bng biu din theo Y-X c dng nh sau:
Y = 56,39X
 V ng cn bng (X-Y)

NG CN BNG

3.5
S mol SO2 trong pha kh (10-3)

2.5

1.5

0.5

0
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07
S mol SO2 trong pha lng (10-3)

III. XC NH PHNG TRNH NG LM VIC

1. Xc nh Lmin -3

- Xmax l giao im ca ng YA = 3,373.10 vi ng cn bng

Y=56,39X
-3
- Ta c: 3,373.10 = 56,39 Xmax
=> Xmax = 0,0000598 (mol SO2/mol dung dch)
X = 0
Y-Yc = (L/G).(Xc-X)
Ltr
- Xc nh t l ( Gtr ) mi :
3 3
Ltr Y Y c 3,373.10 0,211.10 52,876(kmol dd / kmol khi tro)
( )
min

Gtr X max 0 0,0000598 0
- Sut lng mole ti thiu:

(Ltr)min = 52,876.Gtr = 52,876.444,663 = 23512 (kmol/h)

 - Sut lng mole
thc t: L =
.Lmin

- Chn = 1,5 L = 1,5.23512 = 35268 (kmol/h)

- Lu lng nc thc t cn cung cp:
L = 35268 (kmol/h) = 35268.18 = 634824 (kg/h)

2. Xc nh X v Xc

Ta c: L Y Yc
Gtr
Xc X
Gtr 444,663
X .(Y Y ) .(3,373.10 3 0,211.10 3 )

c c 35268
L
0,0000399(mol SO2 / dd)
mol
- ng lm vic i qua 2 im (Xc, Y) v (X, Yc).

V ng cn bng v ng lm vic trn cng th

NG CN BNG-NG LM VIC

3.5
S mol SO2 trong pha kh (10-3)

2.5

1.5

0.5

0
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07
S mol SO2 trong pha lng (10-3)
 CHNG IV: TNH TON THP HP TH

I. TNH NG KNH THP HP TH

- Hp th SO2 bng dung dch NaOH 10% khi lng.

0
- Nhit lm vic ca thp hp th l 40 C.
3
Bng: Khi lng ring ca dung dch NaOH 10% (kg/m ) theo nhit
( p sut kh quyn).
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
- 20 C 0C 20 C 40 C 60 C 80 C 100 C 120 C

dd NaOH - 1117 1109 1100 1089 1077 1064 1049

10%

(Trch Bng 4 trang 11 - Bng tra cu Qu trnh c hc truyn nhit-Truyn

khi-Nh xut bn H Quc gia Tp.HCM - 2008)
Bng: nht ng lc ca dung dch NaOH 10% (Cp) theo nhit
0 0 0 0 0 0
0C 10 C 20 C 30 C 40 C 50 C

dd NaOH - - 1,86 1,45 1,16 0,98

10%

(Trch Bng 9 trang 16 - Bng tra cu Qu trnh c hc truyn nhit-Truyn

khi-Nh xut bn H Quc gia Tp.HCM - 2008)
1. ng knh thp hp th
V
D 4.V
. 0,785.
Trong :
D: ng knh thp hp th (m)
3
V: lu lng ca dng kh qua thp hp th (m /s)
: vn tc biu kin ca dng kh ng vi tng tit din ca thp (m/s)
 a. Cch xc nh vn tc ca dng kh
- Tnh vn tc biu kin ca pha kh ng vi im lt theo phng
f

trnh sau:
2 . . 0,16
0,25 0,125

log . L C 1,75 L . k
f k

t
l G L
g.V .
3

Trong :
2 3
: b mt ring ca m (m /m )
3 3
Vt: th tch t do ca m (m /m )
3
k , L : khi lng ring ca pha kh v pha lng (kg/m )
L: nht ng lc ca pha lng nhit lm vic (kg/m.s)
0
l: nht ng lc ca nc 20 C (mPa.s)
L, G: sut lng dng lng v dng kh ( kg/s)
C: h s ph thuc dng qu trnh, i vi qu trnh hp th
( C = 0,022 cho vt liu m l vng hay xon )
- Vn tc lm vic ca pha kh c xc nh theo cng thc sau:
(0,75 0,9). f
b. Tnh ton
Chn vt liu m l vng s Raschig xp ngu nhin c cc thng s:
- Kch thc: 50 x 50 x 5 (mm)
2 3
- B mt ring: = 95 (m /m )
3 3
- Th tch t do: Vt = 0,79 (m /m )
Khi lng ring ca m: 500 (kg / m
3
)
-

( Trch Qu trnh v thit b cng ngh ha hc v thc phm - Tp 3 - Truyn

khi - V B Minh)
- Khi lng ring ca pha kh:

hh hh 1,078 1,128 1,103 (kg / m3 )
c

tb
k
2 2
- Khi lng ring ca pha lng:
3
(kg / m )
L 1100

- Nng phn mol trung bnh:

3 3
y yc 3,362.10 0,211.10 3
ytb 2 1,7865.10 (mol SO2 / mol hh khi)
2

- Khi lng mol ca hn hp kh:

Mhh = ytb.MSO2 + (1-ytb).Mkk
-3 -3
= 1,7865.10 .64 + (1-1,7865.10 ).29 =29,063 (g/mol)
-
273 C T 3/ 2 6 273 396 273 403/ 2
nht ca SO2 nhit lm vic c tnh theo cng thc:
. .
11,7.10 . .
40

SO2 0
TC
(273 40) 396 273
273
=> SO2 13,553.10 6 (Pa.s)
40

- nht ca khng kh nhit lm 273 vic

124 c 273tnh
40theo cng thc:
3/2 6 3 /2
40 273 C T 17,3.10 . .
. .

kk 0
T C 273 (273 40) 124 273

40 (Pa.s)
=> kk 19,294.10

- nht ca pha kh c tnh theo cng thc:

M hhk y .M (1 ytb ).M kk

tb SO2
hhk SO2 kk
3 3
1,7865.10 .64 (1 1,7865.10 ).29
13,553.10 6
19,294.10 6 1508808,946
=> hhk
 6
M hhk 9,063 19,262.10
1508808,946
1508808,946 (Pa.s)

- nht ca pha lng:

l 1,16 (Cp) 1,16 (mPa.s)
 - Sut lng dng kh:

G c G 446,163 444,757
Gtb 445,46(kmol /
h) 2
2

12946,4(kg / h) 3,596(kg / s)
- Sut lng ca dng lng u ra:
Lc = L + M =35268 + 1,40625 =35269,40625 (kmol/h)
- Khi lng phn t pha lng:
(0,1 kg dd
M dd
0,1 kgNaOH0,9) 0,9 kg H 2 O

40 kg NaOH / kmol NaOH 18 kg H 2 O / kmol H
2O
19,0476(kg dd / kmol dd )
- Sut lng ca pha lng:
c
L L 35268 35269,40625
35268,703(kmol / h) 186,607(kg /
Ltb 2 s) 2

Tnh f
186,607 0,25 1,103 0,125
2 .95.1,103 1,16.10 3
0,16

f .
log 0,022 .
1,75
 3
9,81.0,79 .1100

3
1,005.10
 3,596 1100

=> f = 0,738m/s
- Chn vn tc pha kh bng 85% vn tc ngp lt:
0,85. f 0,85.0,738 0,6273 (m /
s)
ng knh thp hp th

4.V V Gtb 3,596 2,57 (m)

D .
0,785. 0,785. . tb 0,785.0,6273.1,103

- Chn ng knh thp l D = 2,6 m

2. Kim tra iu kin lm vic ca thp
Gtb 2 3,596
2 0,614 (m / s)
.D 0,785.1,103.2,6
0,785. tb
0,614
0,83 ( tha iu kin)
- T
a 0,738
c
:

f

II. TNH CHIU CAO THP HP TH

1. Chiu cao thp hp th

a. Xc nh s n v truyn khi tng qut pha kh NOG
- V ng cn bng l ng thng nn ta tnh NOG theo cch sau:
- ng lc ca qu trnh ti y thp hp th:
* 3 3 3
Y Y Y 3,373.10 56,39.X 3,373.10 56,39.0,0000399 1,123.10

c tnh theo phng trnh cn bng vi X = Xc = 0,0000399
*
Vi Y

- ng lc ca qu trnh ti nh thp hp th:

* 3 3 3
Y Y Y 0,211.10 56,39.X 0,211.10 56,39.0 0,211.10
c c c
* c tnh theo phng trnh cn bng vi X = X = 0
Vi Y
Y
- Xt t s :
Yc
3
1,123.10=
Y 3
5,32 2
0,211.10
Yc

- ng lc trung bnh ca qu trnh:

3 3

YTB Y Yc 1,123.10 0,211.10 3

1,123.10
3
0,545.10
Y
ln
ln Y 0,211.10
3
c

- S n v truyn khi tng qut NOG:

c 3 3
Y Y 3,373.10 0,211.10
N OG
YTB 5,802
3
0,545.10
b. Xc nh chiu cao tng qut ca n v truyn khi HOG
m.GTB
H OG h y LTB .hx

Trong :
m: h s gc ca ng cn bng
h : chiu cao mt n v truyn khi theo pha kh
h : chiu cao mt n v truyn khi theo pha lng
Tnh h
Vt
h .Re 0,25 .Prk 0,67
y k
. .b
Trong :
3 3
Vt: th tch t do ca m (m /m )
2 3
: b mt ring ca m (m /m )
: h s thm t ca m
b: h s ph thuc dng m. i vi vng Raschig th b = 0,123
- Chun s Reynolds:
Re k 4.. k 4.0,614.1,103 1480,399
. 6
k 19,262.10 .95
0
- H s khuch tn ca SO2 trong pha kh 0 C, 1atm:
-6 2
D0 = 10,3.10 (m /s)
0
- H s khuch tn ca SO2 trong pha kh
40 C,
3 / 1atm:
2
3/2

P0
T 6 1 27340 6
.
2
D D . 10,3.10 . . 12,645.10 (m / s)
1 273
k 0
P T

0
- Chun s Prandl:
6
19,262.10=
k 1,381
Prk .D 1,103.12,645.10 6
k k
- Mt ti lm vic:
186,607.3600
Ltb .3600 115,086 (m 3 / m 2 .h)
U .0,785.D 2 1100.0,785.2,6
L
2

- Mt ti ti u:
U tu B. 0,158.95 15,01 (m 3 / m 2 .h)

Trong :

B l h s ph thuc dng qu trnh. Vi qu trnh hp th th B = 0,158.

115,086
U
- T s 15,01
U 7,67
tu

=> 1
(Tra hnh IX.16 trang 178 S tay Qu trnh v thit b cng ngh ha
cht, tp 2 NXB Khoa hc v K thut H Ni)
- Chiu cao mt n v truyn khi theo pha kh h :
0,25 0,67
0,79 .1480,399 .1,381 0,521 (m)
hy
95.1.0,123

Tnh h
1/3

h 119. L
.Rel 0,25 .Prl 0,5
x 2
L .g
- Chun s Reynolds:
4.LTB 4.186,605 1276,396
Re L 0,785.D 2 .L 2 3
. 0,785.2,6 .1,16.10 .95
0
- H s khuch tn ca SO2 trong pha lng 20 C:
. 1 1 1/2
D 10 6
. 1 / 3
1/2
L . .
M M
1/3 2

A B L V A VB A B

Trong :
DL: h s khuch tn
3
VA, VB: th tch phn t ca dung cht v dung mi (cm /mol)
MA, MB: khi lng phn t ca cht tan v dung mi (kg/kmol)
 0
L: nht ng lc ca ddNaOH 10% 20 C (mPa.s) ( L=1,86 Cp)
A, B: cc h s ph thuc trn tnh cht ca cht tan v dung mi.
( Cht tan l kh SO2 nn A = 1, dung mi l dung dch NaOH nn B = 1 )
(Trch trang 14 Qu trnh v thit b cng ngh ha hc v thc phm - Bi
tp truyn khi - Trnh Vn Dng)
- Th tch phn t ca SO2:
3
V 44,8(cm / mol)
SO2

- Th tch phn t ca dung mi:

3
19,0476 3 = 17,3(cm /mol)
VB 0,0173(m / kmol)
1100

0
- H s khuch tn ca SO2 trong pha lng 20 C:
. 1 1
1/ 2
9 2
10
6 5,08.10 (m / s)
D
L 1.1.(1,86)
1/ 2 1/ 3
1/ 3
. 44,8 17,3 64 19,0476
2
0
- H s khuch tn ca SO2 trong pha lng 40 C:

DL D20.1 bt 20 5,08.10
9
1 0,026 40 20 7,722.10 9 2
(m / s)

Vi b c tnh theo cng thc:

1/ 3 1/ 2 1/ 3
b 0,2. L(20) 1/ 2 L(20)
. 0,2.1,86 .1109 0,026

- Chun s Prandl:
1,16.10
3
136,564
Pr L
l
L .DL 1100.7,722.10 9
- Chiu cao mt n v truyn khi theo pha lng h :

(1,16.10 3 ) 2 1/ 3.1276,396 0,25

.136,564
0,5
0,402(m)
h x 119.

1100 .9,81
2

- Chiu cao tng qut ca n v truyn khi HOG:
hy m.GTB
.h
H OG x
LTB 56,39.3,596
0,521 .0,402 0,958 (m)
186,605
 c. Chiu cao ca lp m
H N OG .H OG 5,802.0,958 5,558(m)
Chn chiu cao ca lp m H = 5,6 m
d. Chiu cao thp hp th
- Chiu cao phn tch lng Hc v y H c chn theo bng sau
D Hc (m) H (m)
1,0-1,8 0,8 2,0
2,0-2,6 1,0 2,5
2,8-4,0 1,2 3,0

(Trch ti liu hc tp K thut x l kh thi - CBGD D M L - Qu trnh

hp th)
Chiu cao thp hp th HT
HT = H + Hc + H = 5,6 +1+2,5 = 9,1(m)
Chn chiu cao ca thp HT = 9,1 m.
2. Tnh tr lc thp
a. Tn tht p sut ca m kh khi Rek > 400
1,8 0,8 1,2 6 0,2
1,56.H. .k 0,8 . 1,2 . k 1,56.5,6.0,614 .1,103 .95 .(19,262.10 )
1,8

P
0,2
k 3 3
Vt 0,79
Pk 214,488
(Pa)

b. Tn tht p sut ca im t:
c
m
kn
L Gtb
.
Pu Pk 1 . .
A L
k tb
L


Trong :
A = 8,4 c = 0,015
m = 0,405 n = 0,225
( Tra bng IX.7, trang 189 - S tay Qu trnh v thit b cng ngh ha cht
tp 2 - NXB Khoa hc v K thut H Ni ).
 - Tn tht p sut ca m t:
0,015 0,405
3

0,225

P 214,488. 1 1,16.10 . 3,596

.
1,103 296,34 (Pa)
8,4


u
6 186,607 1100
19,262.10


III. TNH CC CNG TRNH PH TR
a. Tnh bm
- p sut ton phn ca bm:
p p
H 2 1 H H
0
.g
Trong :
p1, p2: p sut trn b mt cht lng khong ht v khong y (Pa)
H0: chiu cao hnh hc a cht lng ln (m)
0 3
; khi lng ring ca dd NaOh 10% 25 C (kg/m )
H : tn tht p sut do khc phc tr lc trn ng ht v ng y (k
c tr lc cc b ca cht lng i ra khi ng dn khong y) (m)
0
- Khi lng ring ca dd NaOh 10% 25 C:
25 20
1109
3
.(1100 1109) 1106,75 (kg / m )
40 20
- p sut ton phn ca bm (b qua tr1106,75 lc trn ng ng):
5
5 1,0133.10 9,1 9,1 (m dd) 9,1. 10,071 (mH O)
1,0133.10
H
2
1106,75.9,81 1000
- Nng sut ca bm:
186,607 186,607 3
(m / s)
Q Ltb (kg / s) 0,169
1106,75

- Hiu sut tng cng ca bm:

0 . tl . ck 0,95.0,83.0,93 73,33%
 Trong :
: hiu sut th tch tnh n s hao ht cht lng chy t vng p sut
cao n vng p sut thp v do cht lng r qua cc ch h ca bm
t: hiu sut thy lc, tnh n ma st v s to ra dng xoy trong bm.
c : hiu sut c kh tnh n ma st c kh bi, lt trc.
Bng II.32. Hiu sut ca mt s loi bm
Loi bm t c

Bm pittong - 0,8-0,94 0,9-0,95

Bm ly tm 0,85-0,96 0,8-0,85 0,92-0,96
Bm xoy lc >0,8 >0,7 >0,9
Bm rng kha 0,7-0,9 - -
( Trch Bng II.32, trang 439, S tay Qu trnh v thit b cng ngh ha cht-
Tp 1- NXB Khoa hc v K thut )
- Cng sut yu cu ca bm:

Q.H ..g 0,169.10,071.1106,75.9,81

N 1000. 1000.0,7333 25,2 KW

- Cng sut lm vic ca bm:

N tt .N 1,18.25,2 29,74 KW
- H s an ton cng sut c cho bng sau
N(KW)
<1 2-1,5
1-5 1,5-1,2
5-50 1,2-1,15
>50 1,1

(Trch Bng 1.1, trang 8-Bi tp Cc qu trnh c hc - Nguyn Vn Lc v

Hong Minh Nam - NXB HQG Tp.HCM)
 b. Tnh qut
- Cng sut yu cu ca qut:

Q.P
N 1000.

Trong :
3
Q: nng sut ca qut (m /s)
P: p sut ton phn (Pa)
- Hiu sut tng cng ca qut:
1 . 2 . 3 0,9.0,96.0,93 80,35%
Trong :
: hiu sut l thuyt ca qut
2= (0,95-0,97): hiu sut ca
= (0,9-0,95): hiu sut i vi h truyn bng ai
- Nng sut ca qut:
3 3
Q = 12000 m /h = 3,33 m /s
- Cng sut yu cu ca qut:

3,33.296,34
N 1000.0,8035 1,23 KW
- Cng sut thc t ca qut:
Ntt = k.N = 1,2.1,23 = 1,476 (KW)
- H s d tr k cho bng sau
N Ly tm Hng trc
0,5 1,5 1,2
0,51-1 1,2 1,15
1,01-2 1,2 1,1
2,01-5 1,15 1,05
>5 1,1 1,05
(Trch Cc qu trnh v thit b c hc - Quyn 2 - V B Minh - Nguyn Vn
Lc - Hong Minh Nam - Trn Hng Dng - NXB HQG Tp.HCM)
IV. TNH C KH
1. Thn thp
- Thit b lm vic mi trng n mn
0
- Nhit lm vic: t = 40 c
- p sut lm vic: p = 1atm
=> Chn vt liu l thp khng g ch to thit b
- K hiu thp: X18H10T (C < 0,12%, Cr 18%, N 10%, T nm trong
khong 1-1,5% ).
6 2
550.10 N / m
- Gii hn bn: k
6 2
Gii hn chy: c
220.10 N / m
-

- Chiu dy tm thp: b = 8mm

- gin tng i: 38%
(Bng XII.4 trang 309 S tay qu trnh v thit b cng ngh ho cht, tp 2)
- H s dn nhit: 16.3W / m.0 c

- Khi lng ring: 7900kg / m 3

(Bng XII.7 trang 313 S tayqu trnh v thit b cng ngh ho cht, tp 2)
- Chn cng ngh gia cng l hn tay bng h quang in, bng cch hn
gip mi 2 bn.
- H s hiu chnh: 1
- H s an ton bn ko: nk = 2,6
- H s an ton bn chy: nc = 1,5
- H s bn mi hn: h 0,95
a. ng sut cho php ca vt liu theo gii hn bn
6
c 550.10
k k nc 2,6
6
nk 220.10 1,5

k
 6 2
6 2 146,7.10 (N / m )
211,5.10 (N / m )
6 2
tnh ton.
=> Chn k 146,7.10 (N / m )
b. Chiu dy thn thp
- p sut thy tnh ca ct cht lng:
pl g..H 9,81.1100.9,1 98198,1 (N / m )
2

- p sut tnh ton trong thit b:

5 3 2
ptt = p + pl = 1,0133.10 + 98198,1 = 199,53.10 (N/m )

6
146,7.10
.0,95 698,466 50
- V k .h nn b dy thn dy thn
p 199,53.10
3
tt

thp c tnh theo cng thc sau:

Dt .ptt
S C
2. .h

k
Trong :
Dt: ng khnh trong ca thp (Dt = 2,6m)
C = C1+C2+C3
C1: h s b sung do n mn (i vi vt liu bn c tc n mn 0,05-
0,1 mm/nm,ta chn C1 = 1mm tnh theo thi gian lm vic t 15-20 nm).
C2: h s b sung do hao mn (C2 = 0)
C3: h s b sung do dung sai ca chiu dy (Tra bng XIII.9 S tay qu
trnh v thit b tp 2). C3 = 0,8 mm
-3
=> C = 1+ 0 + 0,8 = 1,8 mm =1,8.10 m
- B dy thn thp:
3 3
2,6.199,53.10 1,8.10 3,66.10 m 3,66mm
S 6
2.146,7.10 .0,95
- Chn S = 4 mm
c. Kim tra li ng sut thnh thit b theo p sut th tnh ton
- p sut th tnh ton po c tnh theo cng thc:
po = pth + pl
Trong :
3 3 2
pth=1,5.ptt=1,5.199,53.10 = 299,295.10 (N/m )
(Tnh theo bng XIII.5 S tayqu trnh v thit b tp 2)

3
 - p sut th tnh ton:
3 3 2
po = 299,295.10 + 98198,1=397,4931.10 (N/m )
- ng sut thn thp theo p sut th:

2,6 4 1,8.10= 3
6 2
247,45.10 (N / m )
Dt S C .



p0

.397,4931.10
3

2.S C .h 2.4 1,8.10 .0,95

3

6
220.10
- Xt t s: 183,33.10 6 (N / m 2 ) <
1,2
c

1,2

=> Chn S = 8 mm
- ng sut thn thp theo p sut th:

2,6 8 1,8.10= 3
6 2
87,94.10 (N / m )
Dt S C .



p0

.397,4931.103
2.S C .h 2.8 1,8.10 .0,95
3

6
220.10
- Xt t s: 183,33.10 6 (N / m 2 ) >
1,2
c

1,2

- Vy S = 8 mm l hp l.
- Khi lng thn thp: 2 2
2 = .(2,616 - 2,6 ).9,1.7900 = 4712,12 (kg)
M1=V. = D D .H 2

n t
4 4
2. Np v y thp
- Chn y v np thp l elip c g vi chiu cao g h = 40mm
- Chn vt liu lm y v np thp cng vi vt liu lm thn thp vi
chiu dy tm thp b = 12 mm.
- Chn chiu dy ca np v y elip S =12mm
- Theo bng XIII.10 v XIII.11- trang 382,383,384 - S tay qu trnh v
thit b cng ngh ha cht Tp 2, cc thng s ca y v np nh sau:

ng
ht B mt Th tch knh
Dt, mm 2 -3 3
mm trong m V.10 m phi D
(mm)
2600 650 7,67 2515 3139
 Tnh cho np elip
- Np elip c khot mt l khng c tng cng vi d = 400mm
0,4
d 1 2,6 0,85
k1
Dt

- Ta c: S - C = 10,2 mm => C = 1,8 + 1 = 1,8 mm

- Kim tra ng sut thnh theo p sut th tnh ton:
D 2

2.h S C . 2,6 2
2.0,65.12 2,8.10
3
.397,4931.10 3

p

t t 0

7,6.k.ht .S C 7,6.0,85.0,65.12 2,8.10 .0,95

3

.h
c
73,35.10 (N / m
6 2 <
1,2
)

- Vy b dy ca np elip S = 12mm l hp l
- Khi lng np elip tra Bng XIII.11 trang 384 S tay thit b tp 2:
M = 730 (kg)
- i vi thp khng g th khi lng np elip:
M = 1,01.730 = 737,3(kg)
- Khi lng ca np v y elip:
M2 = 2.M = 2.737,3 = 1474,6 (kg)
3. ng ng dn kh
- Vn tc kh trong ng khong 10 - 30 m/s
- Chn vn tc trong ng dn kh vo bng vn tc trong ng dn kh ra:
v = 25 m/s

ng dn kh vo
- Lu lng kh vo:
3
Qv = G1.Mvao = 446,163.29,12 =12992,27 (kg/h) =3,61 (kg/s) =3,35 m /s
- ng knh ng dn kh vo:
4.3,35
4.Qv 0,413 m
d .v .25
- Chn ng vi ng knh ng tiu chun: d = 400 mm, b dy: b = 13
mm, lm bng thp khng g
- Theo bng XIII.32- trang 434 - S tay qu trnh v thit b cng ngh
ha cht Tp 2 th chiu di on ng ni (ng vi ng knh 400mm)
l 150mm
- m bo phn phi kh u trong thp, ta s dng a c l vi b
dy 5 mm, l c ng knh 50 mm, bc l 50 mm

ng dn kh ra
- Khi lng phn t pha kh u ra:

M ra y c .M 2 (1 yc ).M kk
SO

3 3
0,211.10 .64 (1 0,211.10 ).29 29,01 (kg / kmol)
- Lu lng kh ra:
3
444,757.29,01 3 (m / s)
G .M 1,128
11438,3 m / h 3,177
Qr c ra
c

- ng knh ng dn kh ra:

4.Q 4.3,177
d .vr .25 0,402 m

- Chn ng vi ng knh ng tiu chun: d = 400 mm, b dy: b = 13

mm, lm bng thp khng g
- Theo bng XIII.32- trang 434 - S tay qu trnh v thit b cng ngh
ha cht Tp 2 th chiu di on ng ni (ng vi ng knh 400mm)
l 150mm
4. ng ng dn lng
- Vn tc cht lng trong ng khong 1- 3 m/s
ng dn lng vo
- Chn vn tc trong ng dn lng vo: v = 2,5 m/s
- Lu lng lng vo:
186,603 kg / s
3
Qv = 1106,75 kg / m 3 0,1686 m /s

- ng knh ng dn lng vo:

4.Q 4.0,1686
d .vv .2,5 0,293 m

- Chn ng vi ng knh tiu chun: d = 300 mm, b dy: b = 12 mm

- Vt liu lm l nha PVC
- ng dn lng c hn vo thit b, bn ngoi c lp mt bch. Theo
bng XIII.32 trang 434 S tay thit b th chiu di on ng ni l
140mm

ng dn lng ra
- Chn vn tc trong ng dn lng ra: v = 1,5 m/s
- Lu lng lng ra:
186,61 kg / s
3
Qr = 1100 kg / m 3 0,1696 m /s

- ng knh ng dn lng ra:

4.Qr 4.0,1696 0,397 m

d .v .1,
5

- Chn ng vi ng knh ng tiu chun: d = 400 mm, b dy :b = 13

mm
- Theo bng XIII.32 trang 434 S tay thit b th chiu di on ng ni
l 140mm.
5. Tnh bch
- Bch c dng gn cc phn thit b vi nhau
- Chn bch l loi bch lin kiu I lm bng thp X18H10T
a. Tnh bch ni y thp vi thn
o Theo bng XIII.27- trang 417- S tay qu trnh v thit b ha cht tp 2, ta
c thng s o ca bch nh sau:
- ng knh trong: Dt = 2,6 m.
-3
- ng knh ngoi: Dn = 2,6 + 2.8.10 = 2,616 m
- ng knh ngoi ca bch: D = 2770 mm
- ng knh tm bulong: Dbl = 2710 mm
- ng knh mp vt: Dl = 2670 mm
- ng knh bulong: db = M27
- S bulong: z = 60 ci
- Chiu cao bch: h = 35 mm
- Khi lng bch:
180,124kg
m1 = 2 2
.(D D ).0,035.7900

n
4
b. Tnh mt bch ni ng dn v thit b
- Chn loi bch lin bng kim loi en ni.
ng dn lng vo
o Theo bng XIII.26- trang 409-S tay qu trnh v thit b ha cht tp 2, ta
c thng s o ca bch nh sau:
- ng knh ng: Dy = 300 m
- ng knh ngoi: Dn = 325 m
- ng knh ngoi ca bch: D = 435 mm
- ng knh tm bulong: Dbl = 395 mm
- ng knh mp vt: Dl = 365 mm
- ng knh bulong: db = M20
- S bulong: z = 12 ci
 - Chiu cao bch: h = 22 mm
- Khi lng bch:
11,414kg
m2 = 2 2
.(D D ).0,022.7900

n
4
ng dn lng ra
o Theo bng XIII.26- trang 409-S tay qu trnh v thit b ha cht tp 2, ta
c thng s o ca bch nh sau:
- ng knh ng: Dy = 400mm
- ng knh ngoi: Dn = 426mm
- ng knh ngoi ca bch: D = 535 mm
- ng knh tm bulong: Dbl = 495 mm
- ng knh mp vt: Dl = 465 mm
- ng knh bulong: db = M20
- S bulong: z = 16 ci
- Chiu cao bch: h = 22 mm
- Khi lng bch:
14,298kg
m3 = 2 2
.(D D ).0,032.7900

n
4
ng dn kh vo
o Theo bng XIII.26- trang 409-S tay qu trnh v thit b ha cht tp 2, ta
c thng s o ca bch nh sau:
- ng knh ng: Dy = 400mm
- ng knh ngoi: Dn = 426mm
- ng knh ngoi ca bch: D = 535 mm
- ng knh tm bulong: Dbl = 495 mm
- ng knh mp vt: Dl = 465 mm
- ng knh bulong: db = M20
- S bulong: z = 16 ci
- Chiu cao bch: h = 22 mm
 - Khi lng bch:
2 2 14,298kg
m4 = .(D D ).0,022.7900

n
4
ng dn kh ra
o Theo bng XIII.26- trang 409-S tay qu trnh v thit b ha cht tp 2, ta
c thng s o ca bch nh sau:
- ng knh ng: Dy = 400mm
- ng knh ngoi: Dn = 426mm
- ng knh ngoi ca bch: D = 535 mm
- ng knh tm bulong: Dbl = 495 mm
- ng knh mp vt: Dl = 465 mm
- ng knh bulong: db = M20
- S bulong: z = 16 ci
- Chiu cao bch: h = 22 mm
- Khi lng bch:
2 2 14,298kg
m5 = .(D D ).0,022.7900
n
4
- Tng khi lng bch:
M = 4.m1 + 2.m2 + 2.m3 + 2.m4 + 2.m5 = 541,108kg

6. Li m
- Li im c cu to bi 2 na v thp khng g X18H10T ni vi
nhau. Bn trn c hn cc l tay c th d dng cm nm khi tho
lp, dng m c kch thc 50.50
o Theo bng IX.22- trang 230 - S tay qu trnh v thit b ha cht tp 2, ta
c cc thng s ca li ng vi ng knh thp 2,6 m nh sau:
- Khong cch 2 na v thp: 3 mm
- ng knh li: Dl = 2565 mm
- Chiu rng ca bc b : 41,5 mm
 - Khi lng m:
2

.D .h . .V .5,6.500.0,79 11744,15 (kg)

2

m .2,6
t
4 4
- Khi lng dung dch thm qua m:
2 2
m .D .D .V .
.h 4 .h t
dd 4
l


2 2
.2,6 6 , .2,6 .5,6.0,79 .1100 6868,1 (kg)



4 4
7. a phn phi
- Chn dng a phn phi loi 2 lm bng thp khng g X18H10T
o Theo bng IX.22- trang 230 - S tay qu trnh v thit b ha cht tp 2, ta
c cc thng s ca a ng vi ng knh thp 2,6 m nh sau:
- ng knh a: D = 1625 mm
- Chiu dy a: 4 mm
- S lng ng dn cht lng: 70 ng
- ng knh ng dn lng: d = 90 mm
- B dy ng dn lng: S = 2,5 mm
- Bc l: t = 150 mm
8. Ca nhp liu v ca tho m
- Chn kch thc ca nhp liu ging nh ca tho m
- Chn ca l hnh vung c kch thc cnh: a = 400 m
9. Ti trng ton thp
- Khi lng a phn phi kh, li m, ca nhp v tho m,
bulongc khi lng qu nh so vi khi lng dung dch trong thp
nn c th b qua.
- Khi lng ca ton thp:
m M 1 M 2 M m
mdd
- Ti trng ca ton thp: 25340kg

9,81.25340 = 248585,4 N
P g. m

 10.Chn
- Chn thp c 4 chn lm bng thp CT3
- Ti trng t ln mt chn :
P
G 62146,35 N
4
4
- Chn ti trng cho php trn mt chn G = 8,10 N
o Theo bng XIII.35 - trang 437- S tay qu trnh v thit b ha cht tp 2, ta
c cc thng s ca chn nh sau:

L B B1 B2 H h S l d
mm
320 265 270 400 500 275 22 120 34

11. Tai treo

- Chn thp c 4 tai treo, vt liu lm tai treo l thp CT3
- Ti trng t ln mt tai treo:
P
G 62146,35 N
4
4
- Chn ti trng cho php trn mt tai treo G = 8,10 N
o Theo bng XIII.36 - trang 438 - S tay qu trnh v thit b ha cht tp 2,
ta c cc thng s ca tai treo nh sau:

Ti B Ti L B B1 H S l a d Khi
trng mt trng lng
cho cho mm
4
php F.10 , php ln
trn m2 b mt
mt tai q.10
-

treo 6
N/m
2
4
G.10 ,
N

8,0 639 1,25 270 240 240 420 14 120 25 34 21,5

 CHNG V: TNH TON GI THNH

Vt liu Loi S lng n gi Thnh

tin
(Ngn
ng) (Ngn
ng)

Thn thp Thp X18H10T 4712,12(kg) 60 282727

dy 8mm

y v np Thp X18H10T 1474,6(kg) 60 88476

dy 12mm

Bch Thp X18H10T 180(kg) 60 10800

Thp CT3 361(kg) 12 4332

Chn Thp CT3 100(kg) 12 1200

Tai treo Thp CT3 21,5 x 4(kg) 12 1032

ng dn kh Thp X18H10T 20m 60 1200

ng dn lng PVC 30m 80 2400

My bm nc 2 x 40Hp 700/Hp 56000

Qut - ng c 2Hp 600/Hp 1200

My khuy 1 5000

B lng 1 10000

- Tin vt t: 464367000 VN.

- Chi ph gia cng, lp t: 30% chi ph vt t = 139310000 Vn
- Vy tng chi ph c tnh khong 604 triu VN.
 CHNG VI: KT LUN

- Kh SO2 l loi kh c c kh nng gy tc ng xu n sc khe ca

con ngi cng nh gy nhim mi trng.
- Kh SO2 khng ch c thi ra t l hi m cn t nhiu ngnh cng
nghip khc nhau. Chnh v vy m phng php x l SO2 bng thp
hp th (thp m) cn c th c p dng rng ri trong vic x l kh
SO2 t cc ngun thi khc nhau.
a. Nhn xt v phng php hp th
u im:
- R tin, nht l khi s dng H2O lm dung mi hp thCc kh c
hi nh SO2, HCl, HFc th c x l rt tt vi phng php ny.
- C th s dng kt hp khi cn ra kh lm sch bi, trong khi kh thi
c cha c bi v cc kh c hi m cc cht kh ny c kh nng tan
tt trong nc ra.

Nhc im:
- Hiu sut lm sch khng cao, h s lm sch gim khi nhit dng
kh cao nn khng th dng x l cc dng kh c nhit cao.
- Qu trnh hp th l qu trnh ta nhit nn khi thit k, xy dng v
vn hnh h thng, nhiu trng hp phi lp thm thit b trao i
nhit trong thp hp th lm ngui thit b. Nh vy thit b s tr
nn cng knh v phc tp.
- D xy ra hin tng ngp lt trong thp nu ta iu chnh mt ti
ca pha lng khng tt.
- Khi cht kh cn x l khng c kh nng ha tan tt trong nc th vic
la chn dung mi s rt kh khn.
b. Thp hp th (thp m)
- Thng c s dng trong mi trng n mn, t l lng / kh ln, cho
hiu sut cao, d ch to v d vn hnh, x l c cc loi kh nng
cao

Thp cn tha mn nhng yu cu sau:

- Hiu qu v c kh nng cho kh i qua.
- Tr lc thp.
- Kt cu n gin v vn hnh thun tin.
- Khng b tc nghn bi cn sinh ra trong qu trnh hp th.
c. Vt liu m
- C din tch b mt ring ln, rng ln gim tr lc cho pha kh.
- Vt liu ch to m phi c khi lng ring nh v bn ha hc
d. Vt liu ch to thp hp th
- Do phi lm vic trong mi trng n mn nn vt liu ch to thp
c s dng l thp khng g hay cc loi thp hp kim c bit do
chng c tnh chng n mn cao.
e. La chn dung mi
- ha tan chn lc: ch ha tan tt cu t cn tch ra khi hn hp kh
m khng ha tan cc cu t cn li hoc ha tan khng ng k.
- bay hi tng i: dung mi nn c p sut hi thp
- Tnh n mn ca dung mi: dung mi nn c tnh n mn thp.
- Chi ph: dung mi r v d tm
- nht: dung mi c nht thp s tng tc hp thu, gim p
thp v truyn nhit tt, ci thin iu kin ngp lt trong thp.
- Nhit dung ring: thp t tn nhit khi hon nguyn dung mi.
- Nhit si: khc xa nhit si ca cht ha tan s d tch cc cu t
ra khi dung mi
- Nhit ng rn: thp trnh hin tng ng rn lm tc thit b.
f. Cc yu t nh hng n hiu qu hp th
nh hng ca nhit
- Khi cc diu kin khc khng i m nhit thp tng th gi tr ca
h s Henry tng, ng cn bng dch chuyn v trc tung.
- Nu ng lm vic khng i m nhit tng th ng lc truyn
khi s gim, do tc truyn khi s gim.
- Tuy nhin, nhit tng cng c li v nht ca dung mi gim
(trong trng hp tr lc khuch tn nm trong pha lng).

nh hng ca p sut
- Khi cc diu kin khc khng i m p sut trong thp tng th gi tr
ca h s Henry gim, ng cn bng dch chuyn v trc honh. V
vy, nu tng p sut th qu trnh truyn khi s tt hn v ng lc ln
hn.
- Tuy nhin, vic tng p sut s km theo tng nhit .
- Ngoi ra, s tng p sut cng cng gy kh khn trong vic ch to v
vn hnh thit b.
- Chnh v vy m trong thit k v vn hnh, ta cn phi quan tm n
cc thng s nhit v p sut m bo qu trnh hp th c hiu
qu cao v thit b hot ng an ton.
 TI LIU THAM KHO

1. Qu trnh v thit b cng ngh ha hc v thc phm, tp 1 Khuy, Lng

lc Nguyn Vn La NXB HQG Tp.HCM
2. Qu trnh v thit b cng ngh ha hc v thc phm, tp 3 Truyn khi
V B Minh NXB HQG Tp.HCM
3. nhim khng kh v x l kh thi, tp 3 L thuyt tnh ton v cng
ngh x l kh c hi Trn Ngc Chn NXB Khoa hc v K thut H
Ni.
4. K thut x l kh thi cng nghip Phm Vn Bn Trng H Bch
Khoa Tp.HCM
5. Qu trnh v thit b cng ngh ha hc v thc phm - Bi tp Cc qu
trnh c hc Nguyn Vn Lc, Hong Minh Nam NXB HQG Tp.HCM
6. Qu trnh v thit b cng ngh ha hc v thc phm - Bi tp Truyn
khi Trnh Vn Dng NXB HQG Tp.HCM
7. Qu trnh v thit b cng ngh ha hc v thc phm Bng tra cu Qu
trnh c hc Truyn nhit, truyn khi NXB HQG Tp.HCM
8. S tay qu trnh v thit b cng ngh ha cht, tp 1 Trn Xoa NXB
Khoa hc v K thut H Ni.
9. S tay qu trnh v thit b cng ngh ha cht, tp 2 NXB Khoa hc v
K thut H Ni.
10. Ti liu hc tp mn K thut x l kh thi Qu trnh hp th - CBGD D
M L
11. S tay hng dn X l nhim mi trng trong sn xut tiu th cng
nghip tp 2, X l khi thi l hi S Khoa hc, Cng ngh v Mi
trng Tp.HCM