1020 Starts and stops are made and craters are filled as prac-

Electrode
ticed in previous jobs.
Electrode Weld on both sides of the plate. When the plate is com-
pletely filled, deposit additional beads at right angles to the
90 Bead beads already on the plate. Practice traveling in all directions.
Bead
Operations
Work 1. Obtain plate; check the job drawing, Fig. 13-18, for size.
Direction of Welding
2. Obtain a square head and scale, dividers, scribe, and
Work Angle Travel Angle center punch from the toolroom.
A B 3. Lay out parallel lines as shown on the job drawing.
4. Mark the lines with a center punch. They should
Fig. 13-16 Electrode position for stringer beads in the flat position.
look like those in Fig. 13-19.
5. Obtain electrodes of each quantity, type, and size
General Job Information
specified.
It is often necessary to deposit beads wider than stringer 6. Set a d.c. power source for electrode negative at 110
beads. In order to do this, the electrode must be weaved. to 190 amperes, or an a.c. power source at 120 to
Weaved beads are usually necessary in the welding of 210 amperes.
deep-groove joints and multipass fillet welds. They are 7. Lay the plate in the flat position on the welding
called weave beads. table. Make sure that the plates are connected to the
Welding Technique work connection.
8. Make weaved beads between parallel lines as shown
Pay close attention to your current setting. The elec- on the job drawing. Hold the electrode as shown in
trode position should be approximately that shown in Fig. 13-17.
Fig. 13-17. Hold the electrode at a 90 angle to the 9. Chip the slag from the beads, brush, and inspect.
plate, Fig.13-17A. Then tilt it 10 to 20 in the direction Refer to Inspection.
of welding, Fig. 13-17B. Move the electrode back and 10. Make stringer beads between the weaved beads
forth, advancing it no more than 18 inch with each weave, already deposited.
Fig. 13-17C. Hesitate at the sides of the weld to prevent 11. Chip the slag from the beads, brush, and inspect.
undercutting along the edges of the weld with the arc. Refer to Inspection.
It is not good practice to weave beads wider than three 12. Practice weaved beads and stringer beads until you
times the diameter of the electrode. The weld deposit must can produce uniform beads consistently with both
be molten until the desired shape is formed. Advancing types of current.
the arc too far ahead and then delaying the return to the
molten pool allows the pool to cool. This causes trapped Inspection
slag and poor appearance. You will not have difficulty Compare the beads with Figs. 13-19 and 13-20 and check
with undercutting with this electrode, but it is well to them for the following weld characteristics:
hesitate an instant at the sides. Electrode motion should
Width and height: Uniform
be smooth and rhythmic along the entire weld.
Appearance: Smooth with close ripples; free
Hesitate with arc a few
of voids and high spots. Restarts should be
1020
Electrode seconds each time it difficult to locate.
reaches the outside edge. Size: Refer to the job drawing.
Weave Side Electrode Arc must be Face of beads: Slightly convex
to Side
90 Bead
kept out of
this area to
Edges of beads: Good fusion, no overlap, no
Bead
prevent undercut
undercut. Starts and stops: Free of depressions and
Work high spots
Direction of Advance 1/8 or less
Welding Beginnings and endings: Full size, craters filled
on each weave.
Penetration and fusion: To plate surfaces
Side View Front View
(Work Angle) (Travel Angle) Weave Motion and adjacent beads
A B C
Surrounding plate surfaces: Free of spatter
Slag formation: Full coverage, easily
Fig. 13-17 Electrode position for weave beads. removable

344 Chapter 13 Shielded Metal Arc Welding Practice: Jobs 13-J1J25 (Plate)
 Fig. 13-18 Job drawing J3.
Fig. 13-19 Method of marking parallel lines and typical appearance of weaved
beads welded in the flat position with DCEN shielded arc electrodes.
Fig. 13-20 Typical appearance of weave beads welded in the flat position
with the E6013 a.c. type of shielded arc electrode.
Shielded Metal Arc Welding Practice: Jobs 13-J1J25 (Plate) Chapter 13 345
Disposal
Discard completed plates in the waste bin.
Plates must be filled with beads on both sides.
Job 13-J4 Stringer Beading
Objective
To deposit stringer beads on flat steel
plate in the flat position with DCEP and/
or a.c. shielded metal arc electrodes (AWS
E6010E6011).
General Job Information
This job is basically the same as Job 13-J2,
but different types of electrodes are used,
resulting in different arc characteristics and
deposition.
This job requires either a DCEP or a.c.
power source and both E6010 and E6011 elec-
trodes. Study the section in Chapter 12 con-
cerning these electrodes.
The electrodes produce welds of high qual-
ity in all positions. Their spray-type arc pro-
duces deep penetration, so precise electrode
manipulation is necessary in order to control undercut
and weld spatter. The thickness of the covering is held
to a minimum. The weld pool wets and spreads well, but
it sets up very quickly. Thus these electrodes have fine
out-of-position welding characteristics. Fillet and groove
welds are flat in profile and have a rather coarse, unevenly
spaced ripple. The current and voltage ranges are similar
for both electrodes. The coating is slightly heavier on the
E6011. The ductility, tensile strength, and yield strength of
the deposited weld metal are higher than can be obtained
with an E6010 electrode. Both of these electrodes are used
whenever welding of high quality is required, such as in
shipyards, field construction, pressure vessel fabrication,
piping, and other code welding applications.
Welding Technique
Pay close attention to your heat setting. It is better to start
with the heat setting a little too hot and have to adjust it
down rather than start cold and have to adjust it up. The
electrode position should be approximately that shown in
Fig. 13-16, page 344. The arc gap for the E6010 electrode
(electrode positive) may be less than for the E6013 (elec-
trode negative) electrode. Do not permit the coating to
Fig. 13-21 Job drawing J4.
346 Chapter 13 Shielded Metal Arc Welding Practice: Jobs 13-J1J25 (Plate)
contact the molten pool. Observe the weld metal transfer
closely and listen to the sound of the arc for correct arc
gap.
Start the arc and proceed with the bead in much the
same manner as practiced in Job 13-J3. A slight forward
and backward motion along the line of weld may be used.
These electrodes will have a tendency to undercut the
plate along the edges of the weld. To prevent undercutting,
do not move the arc past the forward end of the crater until
enough metal has been deposited to advance a weld of the
required size and all undercut has been filled.
Starts and stops and filling craters are performed as
practiced in previous jobs.
Weld on both sides of the plate. When the plate is
completely filled, deposit additional beads at right an-
gles to the beads already on the plates. Practice travel-
ing in all directions. You should also practice with the
3
16-inch diameter electrodes after you have mastered the
5
32-inch size.
Operations
1. Obtain plate; check the job drawing, Fig. 13-21,
for size.

Fig. 13-22 Method of marking parallel lines and typical appearance of stringer
beads welded in the flat position with DCEP or a.c. shielded arc electrodes.
2. Obtain a square head and scale, dividers, scribe,
and center punch from the toolroom.
3. Lay out parallel lines as shown on the job drawing.
4. Mark the lines with a center punch. They should
look like those in Fig. 13-22.
5. Obtain electrodes of each quantity, type, and size
specified in the job drawing.
6. Set the power source for 110 to 170 amperes. Set a
d.c. power source for reverse polarity.
7. Lay the plate in the flat position on the welding table.
Make sure it is connected with the work connection.
8. Make stringer beads on 34-inch center lines as
shown on the job drawing. Hold the electrode as
shown in Fig. 13-16.
9. Chip the slag from the beads, brush, and inspect.
Refer to Inspection.
10. Make additional beads between the beads already
deposited as shown on the job drawing.
11. Chip the slag from the beads, brush, and inspect.
Refer to Inspection below.
12. Practice these beads until you can produce uniform
beads consistently with both the E6010 and E6011
electrodes.
Inspection
Compare the beads with Fig. 13-22 and check for the fol-
lowing weld characteristics:
Width and height: Uniform
Appearance: Smooth with close ripples; free
of voids and high spots. Restarts should be difficult
to locate.
Size: Refer to the job drawing.
Face of beads: Slightly convex
Edges of beads: Good fusion, no overlap, no undercut
Starts and stops: Free of depressions and high spots
Beginnings and endings: Full size, craters filled
Penetration and fusion: To plate surfaces and adjacent
beads
Surrounding plate surfaces: Free of spatter
Slag formation: Full coverage, easily removable
Shielded Metal Arc Welding Practice: Jobs 13-J1J25 (Plate) Chapter 13 347
Disposal
Discard completed plates in the waste bin. Plates
must be filled with beads on both sides.
Job 13-J5 Weaved Beading
Objective
To deposit weaved beads on flat steel plate in
the flat position with DCEP and/or a.c. shielded
metal arc electrodes (AWS E6010E6011).
General Job Information
This job is basically the same as Job 20-J3, except that dif-
ferent types of electrodes are used, resulting in different
arc and deposition characteristics. In industry you will do
more weaved beading with electrode positive electrodes
than with electrode negative electrodes.
Welding Technique
Pay close attention to the current setting. Study the elec-
trode position and weaving technique shown in Fig. 13-17,
page 344. The method of depositing beads is the same as
for electrode negative electrodes except that undercutting
is a problem. This can be overcome only by longer hesita-
tion at the sides of the weld and by keeping the movement
of the electrode within the confines of the bead width.
Bead reinforcement will not be as high as with electrode
negative electrodes, and penetration will be deeper. There
will be less slag present. It will be less fluid and will so-
lidify more quickly.
Starts and stops are made and craters are filled as prac-
ticed in previous jobs.
Weld on both sides of the plate. When the plate is com-
pletely filled, deposit additional beads at right angles to
the beads already on the plate. Practice traveling in all
directions.
Operations
1. Obtain plate; check the job drawing, Fig. 13-23,
page 348, for size.
2. Obtain a square head and scale, dividers, scribe, and
center punch from the toolroom.
3. Lay out parallel lines as shown on the job drawing.
4. Mark the lines with a center punch. They should
look like those shown in Fig. 13-24, page 348.
5. Obtain electrodes of each quantity, type, and size
specified in the job drawing.
6. Set a d.c. power source for electrode positive at 110
to 170 amperes or an a.c. power source at 110 to
190 amperes.
 Fig. 13-23 Job drawing J5.

11.Chip the slag from the beads, brush, and

Fig. 13-24 Method of marking parallel lines and typical appearance of weave Width and height: Uniform
beads welded in the flat position with DCEP shielded arc electrodes.
7. Lay the plate in the flat position on the weld-
ing table. Make sure it is connected to the work
connection.
8. Make weaved beads between parallel lines as shown
on the job drawing. Hold the electrode as shown in
Fig. 13-17, page 344.
9. Chip the slag from the beads, brush, and inspect.
Refer to Inspection.
10. Make stringer beads between the weaved beads al-
ready deposited.
inspect. Refer to Inspection.
12.Practice these beads until you can produce
uniform beads consistently with both types
of electrodes.
Inspection
Compare the beads with Figs. 13-24 and 13-25
and check them for the following characteristics:
Appearance: Smooth with close ripples; free
of voids and high spots. Restarts should be
difficult to locate.
Size: Refer to the job drawing.
Face of beads: Slightly convex
Edges of beads: Good fusion, no overlap, no undercut
Starts and stops: Free of depressions and high spots
Beginnings and endings: Full size, craters filled
Penetration and fusion: To plate surfaces and adjacent
beads
Surrounding plate surfaces: Free of spatter
Slag formation: Full coverage, easily removable

348 Chapter 13 Shielded Metal Arc Welding Practice: Jobs 13-J1J25 (Plate)
 3. Set a d.c. power source for electrode nega-
tive at 110 to 190 amperes or an a.c. power
source at 120to 210 amperes.
4. Set up the plates and tack weld them at
each corner.
5. Place the joint in the flat position on the
welding table. Make sure it is connected to
the work connection.
6. Make welds as shown on job drawing. Hold
Fig. 13-25 Typical appearance of weave beads welded in the flat position
with the E6011 a.c. type of shielded arc electrode. electrode as shown in Figs. 13-25 and 13-27.
1020
Disposal
Discard completed plates in the waste bin. Plates must be Electrode
Electrode
filled with beads on both sides before disposal.
90 Bead Bead Crater

Job 13-J6 Welding an Edge Joint

Objective Joint
To weld an edge joint in the flat position with DCEN and/
Joint
or a.c. shielded metal arc electrodes (AWS E6013).

General Job Information Side View Front View

(Work Angle) (Travel Angle)
The edge joint is used extensively on vessels and tanks
A B
that are not subjected to high pressures. The joint will
not stand very much load when subjected to tension and Fig. 13-26 Electrode position when welding an edge joint.
bending.
It is an economical joint to set up. The amount of elec-
trode needed for welding is small since some of the base
metal is melted off and combines with the electrode de-
posit to form the weld. It is an easy joint to weld.

Welding Technique
The edge joint can be welded over a wide range of current
settings. Hold the electrode at a 90 angle to the plates to
be welded, Fig. 13-26A. Then tilt it 10 to 20 in the direc-
tion of travel, Fig. 13-26B. Note the positions of the elec-
trode and electrode holder in Fig.1327. It is good practice
to weave slightly so that there is complete coverage of the
joint area. It is important, however, not to weave so wide
that the metal hangs over the sides of the plate. Be very
careful to fuse both edges and to secure good penetration
along the center of the joint.
Starts and stops are made and craters are filled as prac-
ticed in previous jobs.
Weld both edges of the joint. Practice traveling in all
directions.

Operations
1. Obtain plates; check the drawing for quantity and
size.
2. Obtain electrodes of each quantity, type, and size
specified in the job drawing, Fig.13-28, page 350.
Fig. 13-27 Welding an edge joint. The electrode and electrode
holder are positioned as instructed in Fig. 1326. Location: Northeast
Wisconsin Technical College McGraw-Hill Education/Mark A. Dierker,
photographer

Shielded Metal Arc Welding Practice: Jobs 13-J1J25 (Plate) Chapter 13 349
 Fig. 13-28 Job drawing J6.
7. Chip the slag from the welds, brush, and inspect.
Refer to Inspection.
8. Practice these welds until you can produce good
welds consistently with 532-inch diameter electrodes.
Inspection
Compare the welds with Fig. 13-29 and check them for the
following characteristics:
Width and height: Uniform
Appearance: Smooth with close ripples; free of voids and
high spots. Restarts should be difficult to locate.
Size: Refer to the job drawing.
Fig. 13-29 Typical appearance of an edge joint welded in the flat position
with DCEN or a.c. shielded arc electrodes.
350 Chapter 13 Shielded Metal Arc Welding Practice: Jobs 13-J1J25 (Plate)
Face of welds: Slightly convex
Edges of welds: Good fusion, no overlap, no undercut,
no weld metal hanging over the edges of the joint
Starts and stops: Free of depressions and high
spots
Beginnings and endings: Full size, craters filled
Penetration and fusion: To plate surfaces
Surrounding plate surfaces: Free of spatter
Slag formation: Full coverage, easily removable
Disposal
Run stringer beads on the unused sides of the joints or put
the completed joints in the scrap bin so that they are avail-
able for stringer bead practice.
Job 13-J7 Welding an Edge
Joint
Objective
To weld an edge joint in the flat position with
DCEP and/or a.c. shielded metal arc electrodes
(AWS E6010E6011).