International Journal of Engineering and Technical Research (IJETR)

ISSN: 2321-0869 (O) 2454-4698 (P), Volume-3, Issue-8, August 2015

A Control Technique For Unification of DG Units to

the electrical network Using Fuzzy Logic Controller
Yeluri Naresh , Dr. G. Sambasiva Rao

A rugged consolidate scheme for DG converters featuring

Abstract This paper proposes with a control method for
unification of distributed generation resources using fuzzy logic
controller to the utility grid.The theme is to reduce total
harmonic distortion reduction using fuzzy logic controller in
utility grid while delivering to non linear loads. The proposed
method provides compensation for active power reactive power
and harmonic load current during connection of distributed
generation resources to the utility grid. The method of proposed
system is first viewed in stationary reference frame then
transformed in to the synchronous orthogonal reference frame.
The transformed variables are used to control the voltage source
converter as heart of interfacing between DG resources and
utility grid.matlab simulink model of the system is done using
fuzzy logic controller.Simulation results based on total harmonic
distortion reduction evenly presented
Index Terms Distributed Generation Unit, Fuzzy Logic
Controller, Voltage Source Converter
mitigation of converter grid resonance at parameter variation,
distortion, and current-control parametric instabilities is
presented in [1]-[7].
In this a design of a multipurpose control approach for
VSC [8] used in DG system using fuzzy logic controller. The
idea is to unify the DG resources to the utility grid. With the
proposed approach, the proposed VSC controls the injected
active power flow from the DG source to the grid and also
performs the compensation of reactive power and the
nonlinear load current harmonics, keeping the main source
current almost sinusoidal during connection of other non
linear loads to the grid.
This control method using fuzzy logic controller[9]-[11]
allows the decoupling of the currents and enhances their
tracking of the changes in the active and reactive power. This
paper shows the simulation of the proposed method for all its
aspect, i.e., active and reactive power generation along with
load current harmonic current compensation .

I. INTRODUCTION II. PROPOSED TECHNIQUE

Distributed Generation (DG) technology also known as
district, decentralized and dispersed generation technology is
electricity generated or stored by variety of small grid
connected devices referred to as distributed energy resources
connected to a distribution grid rather than the transmission
network. Generation capacity ranging from KW to MW level
usually connoted at distributed voltages 11KV or below.
Distributed generation resources usually include small hydro
bio mass gasification co generation biogas based engines
bio-fuel engines hybrid systems such as solar-wind
Increasing number of DG units in electrical networks requires
new approach for the controlling and maintenance of the
power networks for the power supply reliability and quality in
the subsequent situations. As a consequence, the control of
DG unit should be improved to meet the requirements for the Fig. 1 schematic diagram of proposed technique
electrical network. Therefore, design of a control method,
which considers different situations of the electrical networks, Fig. 1 represents the general diagram of the proposed
becomes of high interest for interconnection of DG units to technique. where Rc and Lc represent the equivalent
the utility grid. resistance and inductance of the ac filter, coupling
In this paper, a converter operates as an active inductor at transformer, and connection cables; Rs andLs represent the
other than fundamental frequency to absorb the harmonic grid resistance and inductance up to the point of common
current components. However, not knowing the grid coupling (PCC), respectively ;vk is the supply voltage
inductance can reduce the performance of proposed control components at the PCC;vsk is the grid voltage components ;vdc
approach. Truely the power grids are facing disturbances is the dc-link voltage; and isk, ilk, and ick are grid, load, and DG
with the design of a practical plug-and play converter-based current components, respectively. In addition, the DG
DG interface. resources and additional components are represented as a dc
voltage source which is connected to the dc side of the
converter. Using clarke and parks transformation
Yeluri Naresh, Electrical and electronics , RVR&JC college of
techniques we can convert three phase instantaneous
engineering, Guntur, India voltages and currents in abc phases to instantaneous
Dr.G.Sambasiva Rao, Electrical and electronics , RVR&JC college of voltages and currents on the axes ,dq-components
engineering, , Guntur, India respectively. By means of this the control parameters

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 A Control Technique For Unification of DG Units to the electrical network Using Fuzzy Logic Controller

become dc values ,thus filtering and controlling can be (6)

obtained easily
C. C.CALCULATION OF REFERENCE CURRENT TO
SUPPLY LOAD REACTIVE POWER
In dq frame, quadrature component of load current is
perpendicular to direct component of voltage (vdilq). so
q-component of load current indicates required reactive
power of the load. To compensate load reactive power, DG
unit must provide a current with q-component equal to ilq. it is
sufficient to set q-component of DGs reference current equal
to q-component of the load current as
(7)

The term of i cq is the q-component of DG link reference
current.

Fig. 2. Voltage and current components in special reference frames

III. MODELING OF THE PROPOSED DG SYSTEM
.The instantaneous angle of utility grid can be obtained as
(1) By applying kvl to the Fig 1 schematic diagram of proposed
The magnitude of the voltage at the connection can be technique we get
calculated as (8)

A null value for the zero voltage components is assumed.

A. CALCULATION OF REFERENCE CURRENT TO (9)
SUPPLY LOAD ACTIVE POWER th
The switching function sk of the k leg of the VSC can be
At fundamental frequency, the active power injected from DG expressed as
link to the utility grid is
(10)
(3)
By considering =0.d-component of reference current to
provide active current at fundamental frequency is given by Thus, with vkM= Skvdc and substituting in (8) and (9)
(4)
Where Pref is maximum power of the voltage source converter
at fundamental frequency and depends on DG system K=1,2,3. (11)
capacity, capacity of power electronic interfacing devices. The switching state function can be defined as
(12)
B. B.CALCULATION OF HARMONIC COMPONENTS
Dynamic equation of the proposed model can be expressed as
OF D-AXIS REFERENCE CURRENT

In the dq reference frame, the fundamental current

component can be seen as a dc component, and as a result, the
harmonic load currents can be obtained with low-pass filter
(LPF). LPF is designed such that it can pass fundamental and
block other than fundamental Then the harmonic currents can
be obtained simply by the difference between the input signal (13)
and the filtered one, which is equivalent to performing
1HLPF(s). Therefore,ild can be expressed as
(5) IV. STATE-SPACE MODEL OF PROPOSED SYSTEM
Where is alternative d-component of load current
which is related to harmonic components of load current and By use of Park transformation matrix, the dynamic equations
Ild is the dc term of load current which represents fundamental of proposed technique can be transformed to the dq frame as
frequency of load current . To use DG link as an active power
filter, harmonic components of the nonlinear load current =
must be obtained from DG. For this d-component of nonlinear
link reference current is achieved by doing the sum of currents (14)
in (4) and alternative terms of load current in (5) As the sum of the three-phase currents is zero, there is no
homopolar component (ic0=0); therefore, the ac neutral point

263 www.erpublication.org
 International Journal of Engineering and Technical Research (IJETR)
ISSN: 2321-0869 (O) 2454-4698 (P), Volume-3, Issue-8, August 2015
voltage does not affect any transformed current. This voltage
can be deduced as (25)
The reference current in (25) is added to the reference current
(15) . is a dc component, and it will force the active
filter to generate or to draw a current at the fundamental
By taking (vq=0), and the other vectors value will be equal to frequency. Therefore reference current for d component of
EL(vd=EL), which is the value of the line-to-line rms voltage distributed generation unit as obtained
of grid voltage. Therefore, (14) can be written as (26)

=
V. FUZZY LOGIC CONTROLLER
(16)
By assuming =Lc(dic/dt)+Rcic, switching state functions
can be calculated as
(17)
(18)
and are the outputs of fuzzy logic controller in the
current control loop.
V. DC VOLTAGE REGULATION

Fig. 4: Basic configuration of FL controller

Unlike Boolean logic, fuzzy logic allows states

Fig. 3. Control loop of the dc voltage.
The error value of the dc-bus voltage is passed
through a PI-type controller to regulate the voltage of dc bus
( ) .Therefore, will be obtained as
(19)
where and are proportional and integral gains of the
proposed PI controller. Fig. 3 shows the equivalent control
circuit loop of the dc-bus voltage for proposed converter.
(membership values) between 0 or 1. Its major features
are the use of linguistic variables rather than numerical
variables. Linguistic variables, defined as variables whose
values are sentences in a natural language (such as small
and big), may be represented by fuzzy sets [6]. The
general structure of an FLC is represented in Fig.4 and
comprises four principal components:
a fuzzyfication interface which converts input data into
suitable linguistic values;
a knowledge base which consists of a data base with the
necessary linguistic definitions and control rule set;

(20)

where the proportional and integral gains are derived from

(21)
The control effort is obtained from

(22)

However, assuming that the current loop is ideal and in

normal operation of the active filter, the following properties
hold, assuming the supply voltages are given by:

(23)

Fig. 5 Block diagram of the control method for the DG systems

The transformation to the synchronous reference frame yields
(24) a decision making logic which, simulating a human
decision process, infers the fuzzy control action from the
As a result, = 0 and = v.
knowledge of the control rules and the linguistic variable
Hence, the control effort can be approximated by definitions; and

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 A Control Technique For Unification of DG Units to the electrical network Using Fuzzy Logic Controller

a defuzzyfication interface which yields a non fuzzy

control action from an inferred fuzzy control action.
In this paper, Fuzzy Logic controller block is used for
error signal as shown in Fig.3. The process also same as
before except the controller now is Fuzzy Logic. For
block the Fuzzy Logic controller consists of seven
linguistic variables from input which is; Negative High
(NH), Negative Medium (NM),Negative Small (NS), Zero
Equivalent (ZE) and Positive Small (PS),Positive Medium
(PM), Positive High (PH). Each parameter from linguistic
variables for error signal is shown in Fig.. For delta error,
there seven linguistic variables from input which is;
Negative High (NH), Negative Medium (NM),Negative
Small (NS), Zero Equivalent (ZE) and Positive Small
(PS),Positive Medium (PM), Positive High (PH) Both
variables can be depicted as in Figure Fig. 8 Shows each parameter for output signal
Fuzzy control replaces the proportional integral control , the
role of the mathematical approach and replaces it with
another that is build from a number of smaller rules that in
general only describe a block of the whole system Fig-5.The
method of inference binding them together to produce the
desired outputs.That is, a fuzzy model has replaced the
mathematical one. The inputs and outputs of the system
remain the same. Fuzzy controller replaces the proportional
integral control in the control loop of dc voltage and current
control loop of proposed technique [12] . Harmonics reduced
due to multi switching and output is approxmately sine wave
so filter design and cost reduced DC link voltage is also
reduced because of splitted sources using space vector pulse
width modulation technique

Fig. 9 Source voltage and current waveforms

Fig. 6 Linguistic variables from error

Fig. 7 Linguistic variables from delta error

Fig. 10 Load voltage and source current waveforms

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 International Journal of Engineering and Technical Research (IJETR)
ISSN: 2321-0869 (O) 2454-4698 (P), Volume-3, Issue-8, August 2015
Fig. 11 Before compensation THD of source current
Fig. 12 After compensation THD of source current using pi
controller.
Fig. 13 After compensation THD of source current using fuzzy
logic controller
266
VI. SIMULATION RESULTS
Before the connection of DG link to the grid, a full controlled
thyristor converter delivers a load with resistance of 20 and
10-mH inductance in each phase. This nonlinear load draws
harmonic currents from the utility grid continuously. The DG
link is connected to the utility grid at t=0.1s. continued until
t=0.2s;, another full-controlled thyristor converter with non
linear load of 20 ohms and 10 mH inductance is connected,
and it is disconnected from the utility grid at t=0.35s.. Fig-9
shows the load voltage(vl), load current(il), grid current(igrid),
and DG Current (iDG)in one phase . As shown in this figure,
after the connection of DG link to the grid at t=0.1s, the grid
current becomes zero, and all the active and reactive current
components and fundamental and harmonic frequencies are
provided by DG link Fast fourier transform analysis results of
load and grid currents indicate that the DG link can largely
improve the THD of the grid currents while delivering to
nonlinear loads. Thus THDs of the grid currents are reduced
from 27.69%, before compensation to 4.32% after
compensation using pi controller and then to 3.71% by
replacing pi controller with fuzzy controller . Result confirm
the capability of the proposed DG link using fuzzy logic
controller to compensate harmonic currents of the nonlinear
loads and reduction in total harmonic distortion.Fig. 11 Fig.
12and Fig. 13 shows FFT analysis of total harmonic distortion
reduction results before and after connection dg unit using pi
controller and fuzzy logic controller
VII. CONCLUSION
A multi objective control technique for the utility
grid-connected converter-based DG unified using fuzzy logic
controller has been presented in this paper. Adaptable of the
proposed DG using fuzzy logic controller in both steady-state
and transient operations has been observed through
simulation result., The problems due to synchronization
between DG and grid will not exist, and DG link can be
connected to the utility grid without any current overshoot. By
the use of the proposed control method, DG system is
introduced as a new way for distributed FACTS device in
distribution network. The results shows that, in all conditions,
the load voltage and source current are in phase and power
factor at the point of decoupling is improved DG systems can
act as power factor corrector devices. The results shows that
proposed DG system using fuzzy logic controller can provide
required harmonic load currents in all situations compared to
proportion integral control . Thus, by reducing THD of source
current, acting as active filter. The control approach
technique can be used for different types of DG resources as
power quality improvement devices in distribution network.
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Yeluri Naresh currently pursuing his M.Tech in Power system engineering

RVR&JC college of engineering, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India.He has
completed his B Tech in Electrical and Electronics Engineering in 2012. He
had done his B.Tech degree from RVR&JC College of Engineering ,Guntur,
Affiliated to Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur in 2012 and his fields of
interest power systems.
Dr.Gudapati Sambasiva Rao, has completed his B.Tech. Electrical and
Electronics Engineering, in 2000 from Andhra University of Engineeering,
and M.Tech in 2006 from Satyabhama Institute of Engineering, Chennai. He
has received his Ph.D from J.N.T.U Hyderabad in 2014 . Currently working
as Associate Professor in Department of Electrical & Electronics
Engineering RVR & JC College of Engineering, Guntur, Andhra pradesh,
India. His area of interest includes Power electronics and Drives

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