No.

of Printed Pages : 4 I MCS-053 I

MCA (Revised)
os .2, s .4 Term-End Examination
December, 2015
MCS-053 : COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND
MULTIMEDIA

Time : 3 hours Maximum Marks : 100

Note : Question number 1 is compulsory. Attempt any

three questions from the rest.

1. (a) What is staircase effect ? Do you agree with

the statement "Staircase effect facilitates
smooth line generation" ? Justify your
answer with suitable arguments. 5

(b) Compare and contrast the 2D Euclidean

coordinate system with the 2D
Homogeneous coordinate system with the
help of an example. 5

(c) Determine the perspective projection of

point P(x, y, z) on z = 0 plane, where the
centre of projection is at E(0, 0, 10). 5

(d) How does frame buffer differ from the

display buffer ? How does frame buffer
overcome the limitation of display buffer ? 5

MCS-053 1 P.T.O.
 (e) Prove the following properties of a Bezier
curve :
(i) P(u = 0) = po
(ii) P(u = 1) = pn

where u is the parameter and p 0 and pn are

the zeroth and nth control points,
respectively. 5
(f) How does frame spacing influence the
simulation of acceleration in an
animation ? Justify your answer with
suitable illustrations. 5

(g) Differentiate between window and viewport

region ? Explain how window to viewport
mapping is performed. 5

(h) What is Aliasing ? Explain how

Antialiasing overcomes the problem of
Aliasing. 5

2. (a) Write the pseudocode for Bresenham circle

generation algorithm, and use it to produce
an arc of radius r = 4 units, in the first
quadrant from x = 0 to x = y. 10
(b) Differentiate between scan line polygon fill
algorithm and flood fill algorithm. 5

(c) Differentiate between Parallel projection

and Perspective projection. 5

MCS-053 2
 3. (a) Determine the final coordinates of the
perspective projection of an object, when
the object is first rotated w.r.t. y-axis by 30
in clockwise direction and then w.r.t.
x-axis by 45 in clockwise direction and
finally it is projected on to z = 0 plane with
the centre of projection at (0, 0, 5). 10
(b) Show that 2D rotational transformations are
commutative in nature i.e. R 1 . R2 = R2 . R1. 5
(c) Explain all the four cases of
Sutherland-Hodgman polygon clipping
algorithm, with suitable examples. 5
4. (a) Formulate the mathematical function, to
regulate the frame spacing, for simulating
(i) Zero acceleration motion,
(ii) Negative acceleration motion. 10

(b) Explain any two of the following : 5

(i) Cel Animation
(ii) Frame Animation
(iii) Sprite Animation

(c) Briefly discuss the different polygon

representation methods. 5

MCS-053 3 P.T.O.
5. (a) Expand the following abbreviations of file
formats : 5

(i) GIF
JPEG
MPEG
(iv) TIFF
(v) BMP
(b) Explain any two of the following : 5

(i) Compression in digital video

(ii) Authoring tools
Morphing

(c) Write the pseudocode for Z-buffer

algorithm for visible surface detection.
What is the maximum number of objects
that can be handled by Z-buffer algorithm ?
Give two advantages and two
disadvantages of Z-buffer algorithm. 10

MCS-053 4 13,000
 No. of Printed Pages : 4 MCS-053

MCA (Revised)
Term-End Examination
0944? June, 2015

MCS-053 : COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND

MULTIMEDIA

Time : 3 hours Maximum Marks : 100

Note : Question number 1 is compulsory. Answer any

three questions from the rest.

1. (a) What are the limitations of DDA line

generation algorithm ? Explain the
algorithm that was proposed to overcome
the limitation of DDA line generation
algorithm. 5

(b) Write 3D transformation matrices for

rotation using homogeneous coordinate
system with respect to X, Y and Z axes
respectively.

(c) Draw the tree structure to describe the

taxonomy of projection. 5

(d) How is frame buffer used to control the

color and intensity of the computer screen ? 5

MCS-053 1 P.T.O.
 (e) Determine the general expression for a
cubic Bezier curve, with vertices (control
points) P0(0, 40); P 1(40, 40); P2(60, 20);
P3(60, -10). 5

(f) How many key frames are required to

produce a five-minute animation film
sequence with no duplicates ? 5

(g) Explain Window-to-Viewport

transformation with the help of a diagram. 5

(h) Explain how ray tracing differs from ray

casting with the help of a diagram. 5

2. (a) Derive the conditions for generating the

line segment, by using DDA line generation
algorithm for both cases (i.e. when slope < 1
and slope > 1). Write the pseudo code of
DDA line generation algorithm, and use it
to produce a line segment between points
(2, 4) and (9, 9). 10

(b) Explain the Area-subdivision method of

visible surface detection. 5

(c) Explain the mathematical expression for

the combined effect of Ambient, Diffused
and Specular reflection for Phong's
Specular Reflection Model. 5

MCS-053 2
3. (a) Determine the point of intersection of the
projection of edges AB and CD of a unit
cube, on z = 0 plane, where the centre of
projection is at (0, 0, - d).
, 10
y

(b) Verify that two successive rotations are

additive in nature i.e.
R(Q1) . R(Q2) = R(Q 1 + Q2)
where R(Q 1), R(Q2) and R(Q 1 + Q2) are
2D-rotational transformations,
respectively. 5
(c) Compare and contrast the
Cohen-Sutherland line clipping algorithm
with the Cyrus-Beck line clipping
algorithm with the help of a diagram. 5
4. (a) How does simulation of zero acceleration
differ from non-zero acceleration, in an
animation ? Briefly discuss the formulation
of a mathematical function, that regulates
the frame spacing in an animation with
positive acceleration. 10
MCS-053 3 P.T.O.
 (b) Explain any two of the following : 5
(i) Keyframe Systems
(ii) Scripting Systems
(iii) Morphing

(c) Explain the differences between parametric

and geometric continuities in Bezier curve. 5

5. (a) Differentiate between any two of the

following : 5
(i) Graphics and Animation
(ii) Printer and Plotter
(iii) Hypertext and Hypermedia

(b) Briefly describe any two of the following

file formats : 5
(i) jpeg
(ii) tiff
(iii) bmp
(iv) gif

(c) Explain any two of the following : 5

(i) Authoring tools
(ii) Z-buffer algorithm
(iii) Video file formats

(d) What is Video Conferencing ? Discuss the

challenges related to such facilities. 5

MCS-053 4 8,000
 No. of Printed Pages : 3 MCS-053

MCA (Revised)
Term-End Examination
046134 December, 2014

MCS-053 : COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND

MULTIMEDIA

Time : 3 hours Maximum Marks : 100

Note : Question number 1 is compulsory. Answer any
three questions from the rest.

1. (a) Explain how frame buffer is used to store

picture information. 5
(b) Explain the need of Homogeneous
coordinate system in 2D transformation. 5
(c) Explain DDA line drawing algorithm. What
are the disadvantages of this algorithm ? 5
(d) Define Animation and describe how it can
be used in multimedia. 4
(e) Differentiate the following : 6
(i) Bitmap vs Vector graphics
(ii) JPEG vs GIF
(iii) Hypertext vs Hypermedia
(0 Prove the following for Bezier curve : 5
(i) P(u= 0)=p0
(ii) P ' (u = 0) = n (pi pi))

MCS-053 1 P.T.O.
 (g) Derive an expression for Phong Specular
Reflection Model. 5
(h) Explain Isometric projection. Differentiate
among Isometric, Dimetric and Trimetric
projections. 5

2. (a) Given a circle with radius r = 8, determine

pixel position along the circle in the
1st quadrant from x = 0 to x = y. 8
(b) Explain the following 3D transformations
with their 3D transformation matrix : 9
(i) Scaling with respect to origin
(ii) Rotation with respect to z = 0 plane
(iii) xy-Shearing
(c) Differentiate between C0 and C1 continuity
in Bezier curve. 3

3. (a) Given a triangle ABC, whose coordinates

are A(1, 1), B(5, 2) and C(4, 3).
(i) Reflect the given triangle about
x axis.
(ii) Reflect the given triangle about
y axis.
(iii) Reflect the given triangle about y = x
axis.
In each case, find the final coordinates of
the reflected triangle ABC. 10
(b) Explain Sutherland-Hodgman Polygon
Clipping Algorithm.
(c) Explain positive acceleration for simulating
motion.
MCS-053 2
4. (a) Explain Z-Buffer Algorithm for hidden
surface removal. What are its demerits ? 7
(b) What are the differences between Gouraud
Shading and Phong Shading methods ? 5
(c) Suggest with reasons a potential
application of multimedia other than the
applications in the field of entertainment
and education. 4
(d) What are touch panels ? List different
touch panels that are currently available
for use. 4

5. (a) Consider the line segment AB in

3D parallel to the z-axis with end points
A( 6, 5, 3) and B(6, 7, 18). Perform a
perspective projection on the x = 0 plane,
where the eye is placed at E ( 10, 0, 0). 8
(b) Explain the following terms : 6x2=12
(i) Card based authoring tools
(ii) Raster and Random Scan
(iii) Sound editing tools
(iv) Anti-aliasing
(v) Ambient light
(vi) Plasma panel

MCS-053 3 10,000
 No. of Printed Pages : 3 MCS-053

MCA (Revised)
t-r-) Term-End Examination
June, 2014
O
MCS-053 : COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND
MULTIMEDIA
Time : 3 hours Maximum Marks : 100
Note : Question no. 1 is compulsory. Attempt any three
questions from the rest.

1. (a) Explain the working of Cathode Ray Tube 6

(CRT). Also discuss benefits & limitations
of plasma panel display over CRT.
(b) Obtain the matrix that represents two 5
dimensional xy shearing by factors a and b
along x & y axis, respectively about the
origin.
(c) Differentiate between window and 2
viewport in clipping.
(d) Explain flood-fill method of polygon filling. 6
(e) Differentiate between the following : 6
(i) Zero Vs. Non- zero accelerations for
simulating motion
(ii) GIF Vs. JPEG
(f) What is a homogenous coordinate system 6
for 3D- transformation ?
What are the advantages of using
homogenous coordinate system ?
(g) Derive an expression to show the combined 6
effect of ambient and diffused reflection in
the context of illumination model.

MCS-053 1 P.T.O.
 (h) What is Hypermedia ? How is it different 3
from hypertext ?
2. (a) Write DDA line drawing algorithm; use this 8
algorithm draw a to line between (0,0) and
(6,6).
(b) Explain Prong Illumination model with the 6
help of diagram.
(c) What is orthographic projection ? Write a 6
matrix for an orthographic projection for
Z = 0 plane.
3. (a) Explain Cohen Sutherland line clipping 5+5
algorithm. State the merits and demerits of
Cohen Sutherland algorithm over Cyrus-
Beck line clipping algorithm.
(b) Derive a general 2D-transformation matrix 5
of rotation of a point P(x,y) though an angle
in counterclockwise direction with respect
to origin.
(c) Differentiate between Ray Tracing & Ray 5
Casting.
4. (a) What is Bezier curve ? Prove the following 5
for Bezier curve :

Bro (u) =1
i= 0
(b) What is digital video ? Define Frame rate, 4
and Frame dimensions in the context of
digital video.
(c) Explain the scan line method for identifying 5
visible surfaces.
(d) Explain the following in the context of 6
multimedia :
(i) Morphing
(ii) Authoring tools
(iii) Vector graphics

MCS-053 2
5. (a) The unit cube (Fig.1) is projected onto the 6
xy plane. Note the position of the x, y and z
axes. Draw the projected image using
perspective projection on the z = 0 plane
with the Centre Of Projection (COP) is
E(0,0, 10)

(b) Explain the following terms :

(i) Z Buffer 7x2=14
(ii) Types of Animation
(iii) Aspect Ratio
(iv) Video Conferencing
(v) Parallel Projection
(vi) Specular Reflection
(vii) Ambient light.

MCS-053 3
No. of Printed Pages : 3 MCS-053
MCA (Revised)
Term-End Examination
December, 2013
MCS-053 : COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND
MULTIMEDIA
Time : 3 hours Maximum Marks : 100
Note : Question number 1 is compulsory. Attempt any three
questions from the rest.

1. (a) Differentiate between raster scan and 5

random scan display devices.
(b) What is homogeneous co-ordinate system ? 6
Why is it needed ? Explain this with the
help of an example.
(c) What are the various parametric 5
countinuity conditions in curve drawing ?
(d) Explain Z buffer algorithm for hidden 6
surface removal. State its advantages.
(e) Explain the following terms : 6
(i) Resolution (Screen)
(ii) Aspect Ratio
(iii) Refresh rate
(f) Differentiate between vector graphics and 3
bitmap graphics.

MCS-053 1 P.T.O.
 (g) Explain Phony Specular Reflection model. 4
(h) Explain Bresenham's algorithm for drawing 5
a line whose slope is Iml-sl.

2. (a) Draw a line from (5, 6) to (15, 12) on a raster 6

screen using DDA algorithm.
(b) Using cohen sutherland line clipping 6
algorithm clip the following line against a
window which has lower left corner at (2,2)
and upper right corner at (5, 5)
Line 1 : A(3, 1) B (2, 4)
Line 2 : C(6, 4) D(13, 8)
(c) Differentiate between window and view 8
port : Find the normalized transformation
N which uses the rectangle A (1, 4) B(4, 1)
C(8, 5) D(5, 8) as a window and the
normalized device screen as a view port
whose lower left corner L(0, 0) and upper
right corner R(1, 1).

3. (a) Find the transformation matrix for the 5

reflection about the line y= x
(b) Given a Square ABCD whose co-ordinates 6
are A(0, 0), B (3, 0), C(3, 3), D(0, 3) find the
final transformation matrix after translating
2 units in both x and y direction, followed
by scaling of 1.5 units in the
x-direction.

MCS-053 2
 (c) Differentiate between parallel and 9
perspective projection. Derive the general
transformation for parallel projection on to
a given view plane, where the direction of
projection :
d = ai + bj + ck is along the normal
N = n1i + n2j + n3k with the reference point
Ro (x0, yo, z0)

4. (a) Derive a mathematical expression for 8

drawing a cubic Bezier curve.
Given four control points P0(1, 1), P1,(2, 3),
P2(4, 3) and P3(3, 1). Determine 2 more
points on the same Bezier curve
(b) Find the 2D - transformation matrix of 8
reflection of the SABC, where A(0, 0),
B(4, 0) and C(3, 3) about the line passing
through the points (1, 3) an (-1, 1)
(c) Categories the various types of parallel and 4
perspective projection

5. (a) Explain different types of animation ? 5

(b) What is compression ? Explain the need for 5
video compression.
(c) Explain various video file formats. 5
(d) Explain any two types of authoring tools. 5

MCS-053 3
 No. of Printed Pages : 4 MCS-053

MCA (Revised)
Term-End Examination
June, 2013
'4714
MCS-053 : COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND
MULTIMEDIA

Time : 3 hours Maximum Marks : 100

Note : Question number 1 is compulsory. Attempt any three
questions from the rest.

1. (a) Define the following 5

(i) Interactive Computer Graphics
(ii) Image processing
(iii) Animation
(iv) Refresh cycle
(v) Display Controller
(b) What are the shortcoming of DDA line 5
drawing algorithm? How are they removed
in Bresenham's algorithm?
(c) What is 2D shearing? Write down the 5
matrix for x shear, y shear and xy shear
about the origin.
(d) What is orthographic projection? Explain 5
various categories of orthographies
projection.

MCS-053 1 P.T.O.
 (e) State and explain the four properties of 5
Bezier curve.

(f) Explain scan line method for visible surface 5

detection.

(g) What is cel animation? Differentiate it with 5

key frame animation.

(h) Explain various types or categories of 5

authoring tools.

2. (a) Discuss all the four cases of Suduland 5

Hodgemen polygon clipping algorithm with
the help of a suitable diagram.

(b) Draw a circle having centre (0,0) and radius 5

5 by midpoint circle generation algorithm.

(c) What are the major limitations of Cohen 5

Sutherland line clipping algorithm?
Compare it with Cyrus Beck line clipping
algorithm.

(d) Draw a line having end points (25,15) and 5

(35,23) using Bresenham's line drawing
algorithm.

MCS-053 2
3. (a) Calculate the matrix for three views (front, 10
right-side and top) of a given object, shown
in the figure.
The vertices of the object are A(4,0,0)
B(4,4,0), C(4,4,8), D(4,0,4), E(0,0,0), F(0,4,0),
G(0,4,8), H(0,0,4)

(b) Determine the vanishing points for the 5

following perspective transformation matrix

8.68 5.6 0 2.8

0 20.5 0 4.5
7.0 8.0 0 2.0
5.3 7.3 0 3.0

(c) Vertices of a triangle are A(5,3), B(7,2), 5

C (9,4). Rotate the triangle by 30 about the
point A of the triangle.

4. (a) Derive the equation of the 3 point Bezier 5

curve defined by the following control points
(-1,0), (0,2) and (1,0).

MCS-053 3 P.T.O.
 (b) What are the relative merits of object space 5
method and image space methods of visible
surface detection?
(c) Derive a mathematical expression for 10
Phory's specular reflection model. Explain
how ambient, diffused and specular
reflection contribute to the resulting intensity
of reflected ray of light in the Phory's model.

5. (a) What are the various types of Bitmap 4

Images?
(b) Define the following : 1x6=6
(i) CDR (ii) JPEG (iii) TIFF
(iv) GIF (v) PNG (vi) PDF
(c) How many frames does a 40 second 5
animation film sequence require with no
duplication? What will be answer if
duplication is there?
(d) Differentiate between the following : 5
(i) Printer versus Plotter
(ii) Drawing versus Painting.

MCS-053 4
No. of Printed Pages : 3 MCS-053

MCA (Revised)
tr)
Term-End Examination
December, 2012
7-1

MCS-053 : COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND

MULTIMEDIA
Time : 3 hours Maximum Marks : 100
Note : Question number 1 is compulsory. Attempt any three
questions from the rest.

1. (a) What is frame buffer ? In a 600 x 400 pixel, 5

how many bytes does a frame buffer need ?
Explain your answer.
(b) Differentiate between scan line polygon fill 5
and flood fill algorithm.
(c) What is vanishing point ? Explain principle 5
vanishing point with respect to Z-axis with
the help of a suitable diagram.
(d) Prove that two 2D rotation about the origin 5
is commutative i.e., R1, R2 = R2 R1.
(e) Prove the following for Bezier curve : 5
(i) P' (u = 0) = n (P1- Po)
(ii) P' (u =1) = n (Pn - Pn -1)
(f) Explain, with the help of suitable diagram, 5
how the Z-Buffer algorithm determine
which surfaces are visible ?

MCS-053 1 P.T.O.
 (g) What is file compression? What is the Need 5
of video compression ? Explain any two
video file formats.
(h) Explain the process of simulating motion 5
using zero acceleration with the help of
diagram.

2. (a) Explain all the four cases of Sutherland 6

Hodge-man polygon clipping algorithm
using a diagram.
(b) Obtain the transformation matrix for mirror 6
reflection respect to the line Y = 5x.
(c) Write Bresenham's circle generation 8
algorithm . Compute coordinates of points
of circle drawn with center at (0,0) and
radius 8 using Bresenham's circle generation
algorithm.

3. (a) Explain the basic Ray Tracing Algorithm 6

with the help of a diagram.
(b) Draw a line from (6, 3) to (16, 10) using 7
DDA line drawing algorithm. What are the
disadvantages of using this algorithm?
(c) Give the composite transformation matrix 7
of a cube in 3D, if the cube is scaled, rotated
about Y axis and then translated.

MCS-053 2
4. (a) Differentiate between parallel and 6
perspective projections. Also gives the
taxonomy at various types of parallel and
perspective projection .
(b) Determine 5 points on Bezier curve whose 6
control points are Po(4,2), P1(8,8), P2,(16,4)
and P3, (24,2). Also draw the approximate
sketch of the curve.
(c) Using 4 bit code for nine regions, clip the 8
lines P1, P2 and P3 P4 given below, using
Cohen Sutherland line clipping algorithm.

5. (a) Explain the following terms: 14

(i) Cel Animation
(ii) Hyper media
(iii) Audio file Formate
(iv) Anti-aliasing
(v) Aspect Ratio
(vi) XY-Shearing 2 D Transformation.
(vii) Frame -buffer.
(b) What is morphing ? How key frames are 6
used in Morphing ? Explain with the help
of suitable diagram.

MCS-053 3
No. of Printed Pages : 4 MCS-053

O MCA (Revised)
.0
714
O Term-End Examination
O June, 2012

MCS-053 : COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND

MULTIMEDIA

Time : 3 hours Maximum Marks : 100

Note : Question number 1 is compulsory. Attempt any three
questions from the rest.

1. (a) What is Raster Scan and how is it different 5

from Random Scan ?
(b) What is aliasing ? Explain how Antialiasing 5
overcome the problem of aliasing.
(c) Find the transformed point p'(x,y), caused 5
by rotating P(5,1) about the origin through
an angle of 90.
(d) Derive a general transformation Matrix for 5
scaling transformation with respect to a
fixed point P(h,R).
(e) What are the benefits of Bresenham's line 4
drawing algorithm over DDA algorithm.
(f) Find the coordinates (pixel position) of a 4
circle in the first quadrant having centre at
point 0(0,0) and a redius 4 using mid-point
circle generation algorithm.

MCS-053 1 P.T.O.
 (g) Given P0(0,40), P1(40,40), P2(60, 20), 4
P3(60, 10) as Vertices of Bezier Curve,
Find the general expression to express a
cubic Bezier curve ?
(h) Differentiate between the following : 8

(i) Zero Acceleration Vs. Non zero

Acceleration for simulating Motion.
(ii) Hypertext Vs. Hyper Media
(iii) GIF Vs. JPEG
(iv) Key Frame Vs. Cel Animation

2. (a) Write Integer Bresenham's line drawing 8

algorithm and show how it draw a line,
whose start point is (4,4) and end point is
( 3,0).
(b) How much time is spent scanning across 6
each row of pixels during screen refresh on
a raster system with a resolution of 1280 by
1024 and a refresh rate of 60 frames per
second ?
(c) Explain the specular Reflection with the 3
help of suitable diagram.
(d) Define the term parallel projection. 3
Categorise various types of parallel
projection.

MCS-053
3. (a) Perform reflection of a triangle A(0,0), 10
B(2,0) and C(1,5).

(i) about the horizontal line y=5

(ii) about the line y= x +5.

(b) What is shearing transformation ? Explain 5

x-shearing, y-shearing with suitable example (s).

(c) Explain, the 3 cases of line visibility in 5

cohen-Sutherland line clipping algorithm.

4. (a) Write any three properties of Bezier curve. 4

What are the limitation (s) of Bezier curve ?

(b) What is video conferencing ? Discuss the 4

challenges related to such facilities

(c) Explain how Z buffer method and scan line 5

methods differ to find the visible surface
detection.

(d) The pyramid defined by the coordinates 7

A(0,0,0), B(1,0,0), C(0,1,0) and D(0,0,1) is
rotated 90 about the line L that has
A A A
direction vector v=i+j-i-R and passing

through the origin. Find the coordinates of

rotated pyramid ABCD.

MCS-053 3 P.T.O.
 x Fig.
5. (a) Consider a shiny surface with diffused 6
reflection coefficient of 0.6 and ambient
reflection coefficient of 0.5, the surface has
normal in the direction of 4i+6j+5k ; say
some light is incident on it from the
direction i+j+k such that the ambient and
diffused intensities are of order 3 and 4
units. Determine the intensity of the
reflected light.
(b) Explain the following terms : 14
(i) Card (or page) based authoring tools.
(ii) Frame buffer.
(iii) Virtual Reality.
(iv) Animation Tools.
(v) Video file formats.
(vi) Ray Tracing
(vii) Sound editing tools.

MCS-053 4
 No. of Printed Pages : 4 MCS-0531

MCA (Revised)
Term-End Examination
.0
December, 2011
C
MCS-053 : COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND
MULTIMEDIA

Time : 3 hours Maximum Marks : 100

Note : Question number 1 is compulsory. Attempt any three

from the rest.

1. (a) What are the purpose of using the following 5

file formats ?
(i) TIFF
(ii) PNG
(iii) JPEG
(iv) BMP
(v) CDR
(b) Write the DDA algorithm for line generation 5
and modify the same for negative sloped
lines.
(c) List two main differences between' the 5
following :
(i) Cohen Sutherland line clipping
algorithm and cyrus beck line clipping
algorithm
(ii) Scan line polygon filling algorithm
and flood fill algorithm.

MCS-053 1 P.T.O.
 (d) Perform 45 rotation of a AABC; A (0,2), 5
B ( 1, 1), C(1, 1) about the origin
(e) What do you mean by Foreshortening 3
factor ? How foreshortening factor is used
to identify that projection is isometric,
Dimetric or Trimetric ?
(f) What is the utility of tabular representation 4
of polygon surface ? Can you implement a
polygon surface with just a vertex table and
an edge table ? Justify your answer.
(g) What are the maximum number of objects 4
that can be handled by the Z-buffer
algorithm ? What will happen if Z-buffer
algorithm is used and it is found that two
polygons have same Z-value ?
(h) What are the merits and demerits of phong 4
shading ?
(i) Explain the following :
(i) Stochastic Animation and its area of 5
application
(ii) Image editing tools and their selection
criteria
2. (a) Differentiate between 5
(i) Caligraphic display device and Raster
Scan display device
(ii) Drawing and Painting
(b) Write the Mid point circle generation 8
algorithm and use the same to produce a
circular arc of radius 8 units in the first
quadrant from x = 0 to x = y .

MCS-053 2


(c) Explain all the four cases of the Sutherland 5

- Hodgman polygon clipping algorithm.
(d) Determine the number of memory bits 2
required for a 4 bit - plane frame buffer for
a 512 x 512 raster.

3. (a) Determine the final coordinates of a polygon 5

ABCD, A (1,4), B ( 4,1) C ( 1, 1),
D (2, 2) when it is scaled up to twice its
size with respect to an arbitrary point P (1,1).
(b) Find the condition under which we have : 5
Ssxsy*R0= 0'Re. x
Ss s y
Where Ss x sy is scaling with scaling factors
Sx and s in x and y direction respectively
and Re is rotation with an angle 0.
(c) Obtain a transformation matrix for 5
perspective projection for a given object onto
x = 5 plane, as viewed from (10,0,0)
(d) Define a projection. Give the various types 5
(taxonomy) of projection

4. (a) A Cubic Bezier curve has control points 5

Po (0,0); P1 (5,40); P2 (40,5); P3 (50,15).
Determine 2 more points on the same Bezier
curve.
(b) Explain the scan line method of visible 5
surface detection in computer graphics.
(c) Explain the generation of surface of 5
revolution with the help of an example.

MCS4053 3 P.T.O.
 (d) How Ambient, Diffused and specular 5
reflection contributes to the resulting
intensity of reflected ray of light ? Give
mathematical expression for the same.

5. (a) Differentiate between (Any two) 5

(i) Frame animation and Sprite
Animation
(ii) Scripting Systems and Parameterised
Systems
(iii) Computer generated and Computer
Assisted Animation.
(b) What do you mean by simulating 5
acceleration in animation ? What type of
acceleration will be simulated by a straight
line function ? Draw suitable graph for the
mathematical function used to describe the
frame spacing regulation when positive
acceleration is desired to be produced.
(c) Differentiate between 5
(i) Analog sound and Digital sound
(ii) Lossless Audio formats and Lossy
Audio formats
(d) List the characteristics of any two types of 5
authoring tools.

MCS-053 4
 No. of Printed Pages : 5 I MCS-053 I
MCA (Revised)
Term-End Examination
04_106 June, 2016
MCS-053 : COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND
MULTIMEDIA
Time : 3 hours Maximum Marks : 100

Note : Question number I is compulsory. Attempt any

three questions from the rest.

1. (a) Write the expansion for the following file

formats : 5
(i) TIFF
(ii) PNG
(iii) JPEG
(iv) BMP
(v) CDR
(b) Write the DDA line generation algorithm.
Modify this DDA line generation algorithm,
for negative sloped lines.
(c) Compare the following : 5
(i) Scanline Polygon fill algorithm and
Flood fill algorithm
(ii) Cohen-Sutherland line clipping
algorithm and Cyrus-Beck line
clipping algorithm

MCS-053 1 P.T.O.
 (d) Briefly discuss the term Foreshortening
factor. How is Foreshortening factor used
to identify that a projection is Isometric,
Dimetric or Trimetric ?
(e) Determine the final coordinates of 0 ABC
A (0, 2); B (-1, 1); C (1, 1), when it is
subjected to a clockwise rotation of 45
about the origin. How do the obtained
results differ, if the performed rotation is
anticlockwise ?

(f) Write the Z-buffer algorithm. What are the

maximum number of objects that can be
handled by Z-buffer algorithm ? What will
happen if Z-buffer algorithm is used, and it
is found that two polygons have same
Z-value ? 7

(g) Explain the following : 4

(i) Ray casting
(ii) Ray tracing
(h) How does Phong Shading differ from
Gouraud Shading ? Give the merits and
demerits of Phong Shading. 4

2. (a) Compare and contrast the following : 5

(i) Cohen-Sutherland clipping algorithm
and Sutherland-Hodgman clipping
algorithm
(ii) Caligraphic and Raster scan display
devices
MCS-053 2
 (b) Write the Bresenham's Circle Generation
algorithm. Use it to produce a circular arc
of radius 8 units in the first quadrant, from
x = 0 to x = y. 8

(c) Explain all the four cases of

Sutherland-Hodgman polygon clipping
algorithm and use these four cases to clip
the figure below :

W2
vi
v2
OBJECT
v3
v4 WINDOW
w4 w3

where, v1, v2, v3 and v4 are vertices of the

object and w 1, w2, w3 and w4 are vertices
for the window region.

3. (a) Using rotational transformation matrix,

verify the statement, "two successive
rotations are additive". 5
(b) What do you understand by the term
Projection' in Computer Graphics ? Give the
taxonomy (types) of projections. 5

MCS-053 3 P.T.O.
 (c) Determine the final coordinates of a
polygon ABCD, A (1, 4); B ( 4, 1);
C (-1, 1); D (2, 2), when it is scaled up to
twice its size with respect to an arbitrary
point P (1, 1). 5
(d) Determine the perspective projection of an
object at any arbitrary point (x, y, z) on
z = 5 plane, with centre of projection at
(0, 0, 10). Draw the diagram too.

4. (a) Determine two points on the cubic Bezier

curve, whose control points are p 0(0, 0);
p1(5, 40); p2(40, 5); p3(50, 15). 5

(b) Explain Scanline method of visible surface

detection in Computer Graphics. 5

(c) Discuss the term "Sweep Representations".

Give suitable examples in support of your
discussion. 5

(d) Briefly discuss the role of illumination

models in Computer Graphics. How do
Ambient, Diffused and Specular reflections
contribute to the overall intensity of light ?
Give mathematical expression for the
same. 5

MCS-053 4
5. (a) Differentiate between any two of the
following :
(i) Frame Animation and Sprite
Animation
(ii) Scripting Systems and Parameterised
Systems
(iii) Computer Generated and Computer
Assisted Animation
(b) Give mathematical expression for
simulating the following types of
accelerations in animations :
(i) Zero Acceleration
(ii) Positive Acceleration
(iii) Negative Acceleration
Draw graphical plot for each illustrating
the frame spacing. 6

(c) What are Authoring tools ? Give the

characteristics of any two Authoring tools. 4
(d) Write short notes on any two of the
following : 5
(i) Analog Sound
(ii) Digital Sound
Losslesq Audio Formats
(iv) Lossy Audio Formats

MCS 053
- 5 7,000