IAETSD JOURNAL FOR ADVANCED RESEARCH IN APPLIED SCIENCES, VOLUME 4, ISSUE 1, JAN-JUNE /2017

ISSN (ONLINE): 2394-8442

POWER MANAGEMENT IN STREET LIGHT SYSTEM

NOOR MOHMMED KHAN [1], RITIKA DSOUZA [2], POOJA SIRDESHPANDE [3] ,
ANUDEEP DAPTARDAR [4], RUDRAPPA B GUJANATTI [5]
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
Electronics and Communication, KLEs Dr.M.S.S.C.E.T, Belagavi.
1noormdkhan95@gmail.com, 2ritikardsouza@gmail.com, 3sirdeshpande.pooja@gmail.com,
4
daptardaranudeep@gmail.com, 5rudraguj@gmail.com

ABSTRACT.

Automation plays an important role in the worlds economy and in day to day life. Automatic systems
are being developed and are preferred over the manual system. The important consideration in the field of
technology is Automation, Power consumption and cost effectiveness. But when it comes to the Street Lighting
System of our country, there is huge consumption of power and no automation development in this domain is
observed i e. no one bothers to switch it off/on when not required. Also, at night the streets lights are always on
and switching on/off is done manually etc. Thus, this project introduced here gives solution to this by eliminating
manpower and reducing power consumption. The Smart street light provides a technical solution for energy
saving which is achieved by sensing an approaching vehicle using the IR sensors and then switching ON a block of
street lights ahead of the vehicle. As the vehicle passes by, the trailing lights get dimmer. Thus, we save a lot of
energy. The system is implemented on an embedded platform & is equipped with a photo sensitive detector (LDR)
which gives the required input for operation. This project also has a facility to send a message via GSM module to
the control unit in case of failure in the street lights.

Keywords Light emitting diode (LED), Light Dependent Resistor (LDR), Arduino Uno R3, Global system for Mobile
communication (GSM), and Infrared (IR) sensors.

I. INTRODUCTION
All the areas whether it is the growing metro cities or the developing rural areas, street lighting becomes an important aspect as people require
them during the night for the safety of the road users. The public lighting systems are designed and developed to serve the needs of local
communities like the increasing number of road and sidewalk traffic safety. In order to increase the efficiency, a modern automatic street
lighting control system must be able to adjust with the light level intensity to determine the optimum energy consumption level. However, there
will be wastage of the power if there are no users or vehicles that use the road especially in rural areas at midnight. The management and control
of street lights is quite simple, but still, as the urbanization takes place, the number of streets increased rapidly. The traditional street light on-off
control that is based on chronological time is inefficient and inflexible.

The existing street lighting control system uses timer and photocell. The timer is set up so as to turn on the street light from 7.00 p.m. to 7.00
a.m. In the mean time, photocell reacts based on the presence of light or electromagnetic energy. In the rainy season or when the light intensity is
low, the photocell will energize the contact and automatically turn on the street lights. This system is very inefficient as the condition of day and
night is unpredictable.

There are times when even at 7.00 p.m. the day is still bright but the street light is already switched on. In contrast, at 7.00 a.m. the street light is
already switched off although the day is still dark. Therefore, this type of system is quite inflexible. The main objective of our project is to save
electrical energy in street lights by the application of power saving elements such as LDR and LEDs. We aim at saving power in an automatic
way rather than doing it manually, so as to make cost effectiveness.

This saved power can be used in some other applications, such as in irrigation, villages, towns and many other fields. It is seen that when the
street lights are not working, no individual is bothered to inform the nearest electricity operator this negligence of individuals will further lead to
disastrous consequences. Hence, we are introducing a GSM module and programming it in such a way that there is an immediate message sent
to the Control operator regarding the fault in the lamp along with the lamp number. This Street Lighting Automation System is an intelligent
system which provides flexibility and efficiency in order to control the street lighting autonomously.

To Cite This Article: NOOR MOHMMED KHAN, RITIKA DSOUZA, POOJA SIRDESHPANDE,
ANUDEEP DAPTARDAR AND RUDRAPPA B GUJANATTI, POWER MANAGEMENT IN
STREET LIGHT SYSTEM. Advances in Natural and Applied Sciences ;Pages: 197-202
198. NOOR MOHMMED KHAN, RITIKA DSOUZA, POOJA SIRDESHPANDE, ANUDEEP DAPTARDAR AND
RUDRAPPA B GUJANATTI, POWER MANAGEMENT IN STREET LIGHT SYSTEM. Advances in Natural and
Applied Sciences; Pages: 197-202

II. LITERATURE SURVEY

Sindhu A.M. et al [1] have proposed about Smart Street Light using IR Sensor. It is a system that utilizes the latest technology for sources of
light as LED lamps. It is also used to control the switching of street light automatically according to the light intensity to develop flow based
dynamic control statistics using infrared detection technology. The whole project was implemented using an Arduino.

N. L. Ramli et al [2] have surveyed on Implementation of Passive Infrared Sensor .Here, LED is represented as the light module. This system
is controlled according to the specific mode. These modes are controlled by two sensors which are Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) and Passive
Infrared (PIR) sensor. This system can automatically turn on and off the lights according to traffic flow. This system operates during the night
and the focus is only for the one-way road at a junction. Street light will be on when only there is road user otherwise, it will turn off.

Deepak Kumar Rath [3] proposed an Arduino based Smart Light Control System. The system is designed to implement an auto-intensity
control of LED-based on LDR which is interfaced to an Arduino board. As the intensity of sun light decreases, the light intensity of the lamps
gradually increases and then gradually decreases from night to early dawn hence saving energy .Thus, the lights switch on at the dusk and light
intensity increases till midnight and regressively decrease till dawn and then finally switches off automatically. The process repeats every day.
Relay is used to provide isolation between Arduino and 220 volt AC supply. This project is implemented using a single IR Sensor

Shreesh Mishra et al [4] have proposed Arduino Based LED Street Light Auto Intensity Control System a system that uses an Arduino board
and a rectified-power supply. Array of LEDs are interfaced onto the Arduino board through a MOSFET device. The intensity control of the
LED light is possible by varying duty cycle from a DC source. A programmed Arduino board is engaged to provide different intensities at
different times of the night using PWM technique. This project is also enhanced by integrating the LDR to follow the switching operations
precisely.

S.Suganya et al [5] have proposed about Street Light Glow on detecting vehicle movement using sensor It is a system that utilizes the latest
technology for sources of light as LED lamps. It is also used to control the switching of street light automatically according to the light intensity
to develop flow based dynamic control statistics using infrared detection technology and maintain wireless communication among lamppost and
control terminal using ZigBee Wireless protocol. It also combines various technologies: a timer, a statistics of traffic flow magnitude,
photodiodes, LED, power transistors.

III. METHODOLOGY

A. DESIGN ARCHITECTURE

The design architecture of the proposed system is the mere beginning to any system development. The block diagram of this system is as shown
in Figure-1. The components for this project can be classified based on the components group that consists of input, output and controller.
Sensors are used to control the desired system parameters. Next, the sensors will transfer the gathered information onto the controller which runs
the software in order to analyze the system. Meanwhile, the purpose of the microcontroller is to gather the data from the street light and transfer
it as the output of the system.

Fig.1 Block Diagram

The Fig.1 represents the block diagram of the Smart Street light which works in accordance with the changing sunlight. Whenever there is
sufficient sunlight in surroundings, LDR exhibits high resistance and acts as an insulator, while in darkness this LDR behaves as low resistance
path and allows the flows of electricity.

This LDR operates with the help of IR sensors, these sensors are activated under low illumination conditions and these are controlled by an
Arduino micro controller. The heart of the circuit is the low power, high performance Arduino micro controller which is programmed by
embedded assembly programming language for implementing these tasks.

This program is stored and operated by means of storage device EPROM, while coming to the functional block i.e. LDR, these LDRs are in
expensive, smaller in size, less complexity, highly reliable, low power applications and minimum risk with greater accuracy.
199. NOOR MOHMMED KHAN, RITIKA DSOUZA, POOJA SIRDESHPANDE, ANUDEEP DAPTARDAR AND
RUDRAPPA B GUJANATTI, POWER MANAGEMENT IN STREET LIGHT SYSTEM. Advances in Natural and
Applied Sciences; Pages: 197-202

B. HARDWARE SPECIFICATION

For Hardware implementation of our project, Arduino Uno has been selected as the controller due to its low-cost, compact size, compatibility,
easy interfacing over several other type of controller including Programmable Integrated Circuit (PIC), Programmable Logic Controller (PLC)
etc. Arduino is an open-source hardware kit with 8-bit Atmel AVR pre-programmed on-board microcontroller kit. It comes with boot loader
which uploads programs into microcontroller memory. Also, the Arduino IDE uses a simplified version of C++, which makes it easy to learn to
program and understand the things in a better way. Finally, it also provides a standard form factor that breaks out the functions of the micro-
controller into a more accessible package Figure.2 shows the diagram of Arduino Uno.

Fig.2 Arduino Uno R3 Board

Two types of sensors are used in this system. They are Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) and Passive Infrared (PIR) sensor. LDR sensor is an
electronic component that has a variable resistance that changes with the light intensity fall upon it. The resistance will drop with increasing
incident light intensity. In other words, when there is darkness, the LDR exhibits high electrical resistance and when there is light, its resistance
decreases. Normally, LDR often used in sensing circuit. The pictorial representation of an LDR is shown.

Fig. 3 Circuit Symbol and structure of an LDR

The IR sensor we are using is known as the proximity sensor and is a sensor able to detect the presence of nearby objects without any physical
contact. A proximity sensor often emits an electromagnetic field or a beam of electromagnetic radiation (infrared, for instance), and looks for
changes in the field or return signal. The object being sensed is often referred to as the proximity sensor's target motion. This sensor is quite
small, inexpensive, easy to use, low power and easy to interface with. Figure.4 shows the proximity PIR sensor respectively.

Fig. 4 PIR sensor

GSM stands for global system for mobile communication. It is a mobile communication modem. It is widely used mobile
communication system in the world. GSM is used for transmitting mobile data and voice services. It operates at the 850MHz, 900MHz,
1800MHz and 1900MHz frequency bands. TDMA (time division multiple access) technique is used by GSM for communication purpose. The
digital system has an ability to carry 64 kbps to 120 Mbps of data rates. In this project we are using a GSM to send message to the authorities
informing them about the faulty lamp. Fig.5 depicts the SIM300 modem with RS232 used in our project.
200. NOOR MOHMMED KHAN, RITIKA DSOUZA, POOJA SIRDESHPANDE, ANUDEEP DAPTARDAR AND
RUDRAPPA B GUJANATTI, POWER MANAGEMENT IN STREET LIGHT SYSTEM. Advances in Natural and
Applied Sciences; Pages: 197-202

Fig. 5 GSM modem

C. SOFTWARE DESIGN

The Arduino used requires a program to operate and execute the pattern associated with the proposed design. Arduino software has been used as
the interface between software and hardware of this project. We chose an Arduino board as it has simple steps to verify, compile and upload
after writing the code. Also, it is easy to determine whether the code written contains error or not. There are two modes for our project and are
controlled by two sensors which are LDR and PIR sensor. Mode 1 will be selected when LDR detects day or night. If it senses night,
automatically the street lights of the road (L1, L2, L3, L4 and L5) will be switched on but to 30% of the maximum intensity of the LED used.
Basically, the PWM concept is utilized for dimming of the light. Next if a vehicle is detected by the PIR sensor there is a pattern that follows, for
example when the object is near the first lamp L1, only L1 and L2 will glow to the maximum intensity. As it moves on to the second lamp L1,
L2 an L3 glows to the maximum intensity. As it moves further to the third lamp L2, L3 an L4 glows to the maximum intensity and so on, where
in the lamp ahead and the previous lamp where the vehicle is detected glows to maximum intensity the rest are in the 30% mode brightness.
Mode 2 is when the LDR senses the daylight the LEDs are switched off. Next there is a continuous check over the break in the lamp, if fault is
found a message is sent to the authorized number using GSM module. Arduino microcontroller will switch on the street lights at the edge of the
road. Lastly, the system will loop to the initial condition.

IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

In this section, the setup of the whole research work is depicted in a step by step manner. Sample screenshots are displayed once the components
are fixed and connected to each other. All the components are connected to each other and thus complete the system setup which helps one to
understand the steps in a simple and easy way. With these steps, even when a person who is trying to implement the same, it makes it simple,
clear and easy. We have divided the demonstration in to two phases:

1) When there is NO Sunlight( Night time)

2) When there is Sunlight (Day time)

The following are the screenshots are in an orderly way:

Fig.6 Setup Phase 1

The Fig.6 depicts the initial setup of the hardware. It is the condition where in it is assumed to be night and where in there is no vehicle on the
street. The intensity of the leds set to 30% of its maximum value. All the components are in accordance to every other component. The four IR
sensors are placed next to each other. All the four IR sensors are connected to the Arduino board.

Fig.7 Case 1
201. NOOR MOHMMED KHAN, RITIKA DSOUZA, POOJA SIRDESHPANDE, ANUDEEP DAPTARDAR AND
RUDRAPPA B GUJANATTI, POWER MANAGEMENT IN STREET LIGHT SYSTEM. Advances in Natural and
Applied Sciences; Pages: 197-202

The Fig.7 depicts the vehicle detection on the street by the IR sensor1, The first and the second LEDs glow to the maximum intensity where as
the other LEDs remain at 30% intensity.

Fig.8 Case 2
The Fig.8 depicts the vehicle movement or object movement. As shown in the fig, the LED ahead of the vehicle, behind the vehicle and at the
vehicle is switched to the maximum intensity as there is detection of the object at IR sensor 2. Immediately, as the vehicle passes by, these lights
are reduced to 30% intensity and the next block of lights are switched on.

Fig.9 Case 3
The Fig.9 As shown in the fig, the LED ahead of the vehicle, behind the vehicle and at the vehicle is switched to the maximum intensity as
there is detection of the object at IR sensor 4

Fig.10 Phase 2
The fig.10 depicts the phase 2, where in there is sunlight (i.e. the day condition). As shown in the fig, the LEDs are switched off.

Fig.11 PCB Implementation

Fig.11 depicts the PCB implementation of the entire project. All the components LDR, transistors, resistors are all integrated on the same board.
The power is drawn from the Arduino board and the board is plugged into the Laptop and is powered from it.
202. NOOR MOHMMED KHAN, RITIKA DSOUZA, POOJA SIRDESHPANDE, ANUDEEP DAPTARDAR AND
RUDRAPPA B GUJANATTI, POWER MANAGEMENT IN STREET LIGHT SYSTEM. Advances in Natural and
Applied Sciences; Pages: 197-202

The GSM module is used to send a message to the authorizer about the fault detection. It is interfaced with the Arduino with the three pins. We
are using GSM 300 module with RS232 serial connection.

Fig. 12 Messages received by the Authorizer

The fig.12 depicts the messages received by the assumed authorizer about the faults in the lamp. We initially open circuited the lamp 5 and
uploaded the program on the board, an immediate message was sent to the described phone number about the fault in lamp 5.This was repeated
for lamp 1 as well.

V. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE

This project Power Management in Street Light System is a cost effective, eco-friendly and the safest way to utilization of energy. It clearly
tackles one of the major problems the world is facing today i.e. power consumption, by saving of energy very efficiently. It is seen that we can
save more that 65%-70% of the total electrical energy that is consumed by the existing street light. The proposed system is especially appropriate
for street lighting in remote urban and rural areas where the traffic is low at night times. The system is versatile, extendable and totally
adjustable to user needs. Thus, the usage of power consumption by LED decreases. As well as the fault in the lamp is notified to the authorizer.
Hence, the system is smart and manages power in an efficient way. This project can be further extended to the use of solar power for lighting of
the street lamps.

REFERENCES

[1] Sindhu A.M, Jerin George, Sumit Roy, Chandra J, Smart Streetlight Using IR Sensors, IOSR Journal of Mobile Computing &
Application (IOSR-JMCA) e-ISSN: 2394-0050, P-ISSN: 2394-0042, Volume 3, Issue 2. (Mar. - Apr. 2016), pp 39-44 .

[2] N. L. Ramli, N. Mohd Yamin, S. Ab Ghani, N. Md. Saad and S. A. Md Sharif, Implementation Of Passive Infrared Sensor In Street
Lighting Automation System, ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, ISSN 1819-6608, VOL. 10, NO. 22, December 2015

[3] Deepak Kumar Rath, Arduino Based: Smart Light Control System, International Journal of Engineering Research and General Science,
ISSN 2091-2730,Volume 4, Issue 2, March- April, 2016

[4] Shreesh Mishra, Shivakant Gupta, Santosh Singh, Tripuresh Tiwari, Anand Mohan, Arduino Based LED Street Light Auto Intensity
Control System, International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering Technology & Sciences, ISSN: 2394-2819 ,Volume 3, Issue-4,
April-2016

[5] S. Suganya, R. Sinduja, T. Sowmiya & S. Senthilkumar, Street light glow on detecting vehicle movement using sensor, International
Journal for Advance Research in Engineering and technology, ISSN 2320-6802