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L 200 mH
100 V Rs
R 500
Solution: (5.882 k
)
Let us assume thyristor is conducting
R
Vs t
Thus, i(t) = 1 e L
R
500
50 10 6
200 10 3
= 0.2 1 e
i(t) = 0.023 = 23 mA
40 mA 17 mA
23 mA
100 V Rs
100
Rs = = 5.882 k
17 10 3
Q.2
1100 V
1000 V
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50 kVA
2 Winding transformer
1000 V 100 V
B D
50 kVA
So,
C 500 A
100 V
550 A D
A 1100 V
50 A
1000 V 1000 V
0 3 1
Q.3 A=
1
,B = 0 and C = [1 0] . Check observability and controllability of the
1
system.
(a) Controllable and unobservable (b) Uncontrollable and observable
(c) Uncontrollable and unobservable (d) Controllable and observable
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Solution: (d)
For controllable, the condition is
Mc = [ B AB] 0
0 + 0 0
AB = =
1 + 0 1
1 0
Mc =
0 1
= 1 0 Controllable.
T
For observable, Mo = C A TCT 0
1
CT =
0
0 1 1 0
AT CT = = 3
3 1 0
1 0
Mo = = 30 Observable.
0 3
Q.4 3- delta connected capacitor is used as a boost in power system network to boost voltage
and reactive power compensation. A load of 12 kW is connected in the phase where it is
operated at 0.6 lagging power factor. What is the value of MVAR required in order to
increase the power factor to 0.8 lag.
Solution: (7 kVAR)
cos1 (0.6)
12 kW
x
tan =
12
x = 16 kVAR
cos1 (0.8)
12 kW
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y
tan(36.869) =
12
(y) = 9 kVAR
Reactive power supplied by capacitor bank
= 16 kVAR 9 kVAR
= 7 kVAR
d
Q.5 A dielectric of permittivity 2 of length is inserted between a parallel plate capacitor
2
of dielectric strength 1. The voltage difference between 2 plates is 10 V and between a
1
plate and dielectric (1) is 2 V. Find the ratio of .
2
d d d
4 2 4
d
10 V
2V
Solution: (1.5)
2V
1 2 3
10 V
A 1 4A 1
C1 = =
d/4 d
A 2 2A 2
C2 = =
d/2 d
A 1 4A 1
C3 = =
d/4 d
1
jC1
VC1 = V
1 1 1
+ +
jC1 jC2 jC3
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1
C1 C2 C3
VC1 = 10 = 10
1 1 1 C2 C3 + C1 C3 + C1 C2
+ +
C1 C2 C3
8 1 2 10
=
8 1 2 +8 1 2 +16 12
2 8 1 2 2
= 2
=
10 16 1 2 +16 1 2 2 +2 1
22 + 21 = 52
21 = 32
1
= 1.5
2
20 sin t C = 1F 5 sint
Solution: 25 tan 1
1+ 2
20 sin t C = 1F
1
VC1 jC
= 200
1
1+
j C
1
= 200
1 + j
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R=1 V C2 X
C = 1F 5 sint
1
IC = 50
1
1+
j
1
VC2 j
= 50
1
1+
j
1
= 50
1 + j
25 25
VC = VC1 + VC2 = = tan 1
1 + j 1+ 2
Q.7 A fully controlled converter bridge feeds a highly inductive load with ripple free load
current. The input supply (Vs) to the bridge is a sinusoidal source. Triggering angle of
the bridge converter is = 30. The input power factor of the bridge is
is
+
Vs Load
Vo Io I20 = I2sr
cos =
Vsr Isr
2 2 Vs
cos30
V
= o =
Vsr Vs
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Q.8 VCE (sat) = 0.2 V and VBE = 0.7 V. Find the value of RC for the transistor to be in active
region.
RC
2 k
= 100 5V
5V
Solution: (22.32 )
In input loop:
5 0.7 4.3
Ib = = = 2.15 mA
2 k 2 k
4.8
RC min = 22.32
0.215
5(s + 4)
Q.9 , find the value of K and highest corner frequency.
(s + 0.25) (s2 + 4s + 25)
Solution: (b)
s
1+
54 4
0.25 25 s 4s s2
1 + 1 + +
0.25 25 25
54 20 100
K= = = 3.2
0.25 25 25 25
High corner frequency = 4
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Solution: (100)
Series of multiple of 10 is
10 20 30 40 90 ... 100 110 ... 160 170 180 190
200 9 + 100
So, average value will be = = 100
19
Ef V
sin = P
Xs
1.3 1
sin = 0.6
1.1
sin = 0.5077
= 30.504
Ef V V2
cos =Q
Xs Xs
1.3 1 1
0.8616 =Q
1.1 1.1
Q = 0.1091 p.u.
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8 (y / 2) +1
2x y
Q.12 To evaluate the double integral dx dy. We make the substitution
2
0 y/2
2x y y
u= and v = the integral will reduce to
2 2
42 41
(a) (2udu)dv (b) (2udu) dv
0 0 0 0
41 42
(c) udu dv (d) udu dv
00 0 0
Solution: (b)
8 (y / 2) +1
2x y
dx dy
2
0 y/2
2x y
=u
2
y
x =u
2
dx = du
y
at x =
2
2y
y
u= 2 =0
2
y
at x = +1
2
y
2 + 1 y
2 y+2y
u= = =1
2 2
8 1
Thus, itegral becomes udu dy
00
y
v=
2
dy
dv = dy = 2 dv
2
y=0 v=0
y=8 v=4
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4 1
= udu 2dv
0 0
4 1
= 2u du dv
0 0
Solution: (a)
y= 12 + 12 + 12 +
y= 12 + y
y2 = 12 + y
y2 y 12 = 0
y2 4y + 3y 12 = 0
y(y 4) + 3(y 4) = 0
y = 3, 4
1 0 1
Q.14 A = , B = and C = [1 0 ] . Find state transition matrix.
1 1 0
et 0 0 et
(a) t (b) t
te et te et
tet et et tet
(c) (d)
0 et 0 et
Solution: (a)
s 0 1 0
L1[sI A]1 =
0 s 1 1
s 1 0
[sI A] =
1 s 1
1
0
1 s 1 0 (s 1)
[sI A]1 = =
(s 1)2 1 s 1 1 1
(s 1)2 (s 1)
et 0
L1[sI A]1 = t
te et
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Q.15 If total power consumption in the following circuit is 1 kW and voltage across load
is 200 V. Then find the value of XL.
1 XC XL R
10 A 2A 1
Load
AC XC
2 V 200 V
source
1
Solution: (0.89 )
Total power consumed in circuit = 1 kW
1000 = 22 1 + (10)2 R
100 4 = 100 R
R = 9.96
V
and = Z
I
200
= 10 = R + jXL
10
10 = R2 + X 2L
10 = (9.96)2 + X2L
XL = 0.89
Solution: (1)
y = 1i
lny = i ln1
lny = 0
y = e0 = 1
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Q.17 A DC shunt motor with armature resistance of 0.6 and field resistance of 125 is
connected to main supply 250 V. If same motor is used as generator, in both cases load
current is 50 A then find the value of ratio of generator and motor speed.
Solution: (1.27)
50 A
+
48 A 2A
0.6
125 250 V
+
Ef M
1
Fig. DC shunt motor
250 = 48 0.6 + Ef
Ef1 = 221.2
52 A 50 A
+
2A
0.6
125 250 V
+
Ef G
2
Fig. DC shunt generator
Ef
Ef1 1 221.2
= = = 0.7866
Ef2 2 281.2
2
= 1.27
1
Q.18 There are two generators in a power station. No load frequency of generators are 51.5 Hz
and 51 Hz respectively and both are having drop constant of 1 Hz/MW. Assuming that
the generators are operating under their respective characteristics, the frequency of
the power system in Hz in the steady state is _____.
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f(Hz)
51.5 Hz
1 Hz/MW 51 Hz
1 Hz/MW
1 2
f
5x x
51.5 f
tan 1 = = 1 Hz/MW ...(i)
5x
51 f
tan 2 = = 1 Hz/MW ...(ii)
x
97.5
f= = 48.75 Hz
2
f = 48.75 Hz
Q.19 For a 1-, 2 winding transformer the supply frequency and voltage are increased by
10%. The percentage change in Hysteresis and eddy current losses respectively will be
respectively
(a) 10 and 21 (b) 10, 21
(c) 21, 10 (d) 2, 10
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Solution: (a)
x
x V 1 x
Ph f Bm f f Vx
f
1 n x
= (1.1) (1.1) 1 100 = 10%
= 21%
Q.20 A sawtooth waveform is given for a circuit for which a moving iron type meter is
connected for measurement of voltage then what is the reading of the meter?
100 V
20 ms 40 ms t
Solution: (57.74 A)
T
1 2
T 6
Irms = x (t)dt
100t
where, x(t) =
20 10 3
20 10 3 2
1 100t
Irms =
20 10 3
20 10 3 dt
0
1 (20 10 3 )3
= 25 106
20 10 3 3
5 20 100
= = = 57.74 A
3 3
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2 3 2
Q.21 If x 2x + 3 = 11 then what is the probable value of x + x x
(a) 2, 4 (b) 4, 14
(c) 14, 52 (d) 2, 14
Solution: (c)
x 2 2x + 3 = 11
As D = b2 4ac
= 4 12 = 8 < 0
x2 2x + 3 > 0
x2 2x + 3 = 11
x = 2 and x = 4
For x = 2
x3 + x2 x = + 8 + 4 + 2 = 14
For x = 4
64 + 16 4 = 52
Solution: (a)
1
Q.23 Consider LTI system with T.F. H(s) = if the input to all system is cos(3t) and
s(s + 4)
steady state output is Asin(3t + ), then value of A is
1 1
(a) (b)
30 15
3 4
(c) (d)
4 5
Solution: (b)
1
H(s) =
s(s + 4)
Input = cos(3t)
Steady state output = Asin(3t + )
1 1 1
H(s) = = =
j( j + 4) 3 9 + 16 15
1
A=
15
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Q.24 Tolerance band of resistors 200 and 300 are 1%. Find the tolerance when they are
connected in parallel _____.
Solution: 1%
200 300
Ractual = = 120
200 + 300
Taking 1% positive error,
202 303
Rnet = = 121.2
202 + 303
121.2 120
Tolerence = = 0.01
120
= 1%
Taking 1% negative error,
198 297
Rnet = = 118.8
198 + 297
= 118.8
118.8 120
Tolerence = = 0.01
120
= 1%
Q.25 Vo1 > Vo2 switch is at position 1 for long time and at time t = 0 switch is moved to
position 2. Find Vc(t).
2
C
1
Vo
1
Vo R
2
Case-I at t = 0
R
C
Vo
2
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Case-II
R Vo
2
1
+ s
Cs
+
Vo +
1
s R
Vo1 1 Vo
2(s)R I(s) + 2 I(s)R = 0
s Cs s
Vo1 Vo2
+
ss
I(s) =
1
R+ +R
Cs
(Vo1 + Vo2 )C
=
1
2RC s +
2RC
1 Vo
Vc(s) = I(s) 2
Cs s
Vo1 + Vo2 1 Vo
Vc(s) = 2
1 Cs s
2R s +
2RC
Vo1 + Vo2 1 1 Vo2
= 2RC
2RC s s + 1 s
2RC
t / 2RC
Vc(t) = Vo1 + Vo2 1 e (Vo2 )
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Q.26 Two inductors L1 and L2 of equal values are connected in series with all possible combinations
and obtained values of L are 380 mH and 240 mH. Find mutual inductance M.
Solution: (35)
2L + 2M = 380
2L 2M = 240
+
4M = 140
M = 35 mH
Q.27 In the measurement of power of balanced load by two watt meter method, the reading
respectively P1 = 250 kW and P2 = 100 kW. Find the power factor of the meter
1
3(250 100)
= tan
(250 + 100)
= tan1[0.7423]
= 36.586
cos = 0.8029 lagging
Q.28 Assuming diodes are ideal for output to be clipped, input voltage vi must be outside.
10 k
Input voltage vi 10 k vo
1V 2V
(a) 1 to 2 (b) 2 to 4
(c) +1 to 2 (d) 2 to 4
Solution: (a)
To get clipped output,
vi > 1 V
and vi < 2 V
If 2 < vi < 1, there would be no clipped output.
For output to be clipped off the input voltage vi must be outside from 1 to 2 where
vo = vi
vo
2 1 1 2
vi
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Solution: (c)
value cant be greater than 9.
20
Q.30 The sinusoidal AC source in the figure has an rms value of V. Considering all
2
possible values of RL, the minimum value of Rs in to avoid burn-out of the Zener
diode is
RS
20 5V RL
V
2
Solution: (300 )
Is Iz + IL
1 20 5
(Putting IL = 0)
20 Rs
Rs 300
Q.31 At what time between 6 am to 7 am the minute and hour hand of a clock make an
angle closest to 60.
(a) 6 : 22 am (b) 6 : 27 am
(c) 6 : 38 am (d) 6 : 45
Solution: (a)
Solution: (a)
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Solution: (c)
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