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&+8<1

75&7+k1*

TNG BIN TP
TS. Nguyn Quc Thp
;XDQ%QK7KDQ
PH TNG BIN TP
TS. L Mnh Hng
TS. Phan Ngc Trung

BAN BIN TP
TS. Hong Ngc ang
TS. Nguyn Minh o
CN. V Khnh ng
TS. Nguyn Anh c
ThS. Trn Hng Hin
ThS. V Vn Nghim
ThS. L Ngc Sn
KS. L Hng Thi
ThS. Nguyn Vn Tun
TS. Phan Tin Vin
ThS. Trn Quc Vit
TS. Nguyn Tin Vinh
TS. Nguyn Hong Yn

TH K TA SON
ThS. L Vn Khoa
ThS. Nguyn Th Vit H

PH TRCH M THUT
L Hng Vn

T CHC THC HIN, XUT BN

Vin Du kh Vit Nam

TA SON V TR S
Tng M2, Ta nh Vin Du kh Vit Nam - 167 Trung Knh, Yn Ha, Cu Giy, H Ni
Tel: 04-37727108 | 0982288671 * Fax: 04-37727107 * Email: tapchidk@vpi.pvn.vn
nh ba: Nh my in Nhn Trch 1 & 2. nh: PV Power

Giy php xut bn s 100/GP - BTTTT ca B Thng tin v Truyn thng cp ngy 15/4/2013
 NI DUNG

7,8,0 7,8,0

7+71*1*8<1;813+&
7+u0;1*+,33+o13+,.+7+q3k30,1%w&

Th tng Chnh ph Nguyn Xun Phc kim tra h thng iu khin, vn hnh ti X nghip Kh thp p min Bc. nh: PV GAS

Ngy 8/4/2017, Th tng
Chnh ph Nguyn Xun Phc
lm vic vi Tng cng ty Kh Vit
Nam - CTCP (PV GAS), trc tip
kim tra cng tc vn hnh ti
Phng iu khin - Vn hnh ca
X nghip Phn phi Kh thp p
min Bc, thuc Chi nhnh Cng
ty CP Phn phi kh thp p Du
kh Vit Nam (PV GasD).
T h tng Chnh ph Nguyn
Xun Phc nghe bo co
chi tit v qu trnh trin khai D n
H thng thu gom v phn phi kh
m Hm Rng v m Thi Bnh, L 102
& 106, D n H thng phn phi kh
thp p cho Khu cng nghip Tin Hi
- Thi Bnh; cc thun li v kh khn
trong qu trnh trin khai thc hin d
n a Khu cng nghip Tin Hi -
Thi Bnh tr thnh khu vc u tin ti
pha Bc c ngun cung cp nhin liu
sch t kh thin nhin.
Ch tch HQT Tng cng ty Kh
Vit Nam - CTCP (PV GAS) L Nh Linh
cho bit PV GAS ang gi v th ch
o ca ngnh cng nghip kh Vit
Nam, trong c s ng gp ca n
v thnh vin l Cng ty CP Phn phi
kh thp p Du kh Vit Nam - PV GasD
(PV GAS chim 50,5% vn iu l). PV
GasD ang kinh doanh cc sn phm
kh t nhin, kh t nhin nn vi doanh
thu nm 2016 t 4.704 t ng. Hin
nay mi nm PV GasD cung cp cho cc
h tiu th trn 700 m3 kh tiu chun
khai thc t m Bch H, b Cu Long
v b Nam Cn Sn v khong 200 triu
m3 kh tiu chun khai thc t m Hm
Rng, Thi Bnh. Mc tiu ca PV GasD l
pht trin, hnh thnh mng li khch
hng tiu th kh tri rng, xy dng
thnh doanh nghip hng u cung
cp kh t nhin trn phm vi c nc;
y mnh cng tc pht trin th trng
theo hng a dng ha sn phm, a
dng ha h tiu th nhm gia tng gi
tr s dng kh; c chnh sch khuyn
khch cc h cng nghip chuyn i t
tiu th ngun nhin liu truyn thng
sang tiu th ngun kh t nhin.
3932:(5 
61/1*,161;8777517.:+
phn bo m an ninh nng lng
Sau 10 nm xy dng v pht i u trong lnh vc nhit in kh
quc gia.
trin, Tng cng ty in lc Du kh Nm 2007, PV Power mi ch c
Vit Nam (PV Power) ang qun l, vn Nh my in C Mau 1 pht in Tng sn lng in sn xut ca
hnh sn xut v cung cp cho li thng mi vi cng sut 750MW. PV Power trong giai on 2007 - 2017
in quc gia trn 138 t kWh in, Sau 10 nm pht trin, PV Power t trn 138 t kWh, tng doanh thu
gi vng v tr nh cung cp in ln ang qun l v vn hnh 8 nh my t 180.777 t ng, np ngn sch
th hai ca t nc. t c kt in, gm 4 nh my in kh (C Nh nc 8.835 t ng, li nhun
trc thu t 9.638 t ng. Tnh
qu ny, PV Power thc hin ng Mau 1 & 2, Nhn Trch 1 & 2), 3 nh
my thy in (Ha Na, kdrinh, ring 5 thng u nm 2017, tng
b cc gii php ti u ha sn xut,
Nm Ct) v 1 nh my nhit in sn lng in sn xut ca PV
vn hnh cc nh my in an ton, n
than (Vng ng 1) vi tng cng Power t trn 8 t kWh, tng doanh
nh, hiu qu, vt cng sut thit k.
sut thit k 4.208,2MW. PV Power thu t 9.700 t ng, np ngn sch
ang l nh cung cp in ln th Nh nc 483 t ng, li nhun
2 Vit Nam, chim 12% tng cng trc thu t 492 t ng.
sut ton h thng. Cc nh my Hin nay, PV Power ang c
in c vn hnh an ton, hiu 4 n v tham gia th trng pht
qu, huy ng ti a cng sut, gp in cnh tranh, cc nh my u

4 12
4 'p8.+ - 6 12 'p8.+ - 6

NGHIN CU KHOA HC

THM D - KHAI THC DU KH HA CH BIN DU KH KINH T - QUN L DU KH AN TON - MI TRNG DU KH

14. c trng ca ging 45. Nghin cu ch to 54. nh gi tc ng 60. Nghin cu, phn
khoan thn nh v cc h cht ty cn du ca cuc cch mng tch, nh gi mc
yu t nh hng n th v ng dng lm cng nghip ln th 4 nhim phng x trong
thi gian, chi ph khoan v sch ng ng dn ti ngnh cng nghip hot ng khai thc du
hon thin ging du th, m bo an du kh kh ti m Bch H,
ton mi trng bin thm lc a Vit Nam
18. Xc nh ngun gc
v c ch xm nhp
nc khai thc t va
mng nt n m Thng
Long bng phng php
th

24. Pht trin phn mm

phn tch trng thi ng
sut xung quanh thnh
ging khoan trong ng
dng bi ton a c hc

37. S dng cc thng

s trong phn tch
foraminifera nh gi
s thay i ca t hp
ha thch v xc nh
mi trng ging khoan
b Nam Cn Sn
 CONTENTS

7+0'.+$,7+&'8.+
FOCUS
&751*&$*,1*.+2$17+11+9&&<87 Prime Minister Nguyen Xuan Phuc visits
Northern Low Pressure Gas Distribution Enterprise ...............................4
1++1*17+,*,$1&+,3+.+2$19+217+,1*,1*
ng Ngc Qu
Cng ty iu hnh Du kh Ph Quc

Vietnam-Cambodia-Lao co-operation in the field of energy ............6

Email: quydn@phuquocpoc.vn
Tm tt

Bi bo gii thiu c trng ca ging thn nh (slimhole), phn tch s nh hng ca cc yu t (nh a cht, cng ngh v con
ngi) n thi gian, chi ph khoan v hon thin ging. Trn c s , tc gi nh gi kh nng ng dng cng ngh khoan ging

Petrovietnam attends GASTECH 2017 ....................................................8

thn nh cho giai on pht trin khai thc ca L B, 48/95 & 52/97 v kh nng ng dng ti thm lc a Vit Nam.
T kha: Ging khoan thn nh, a cht, cng ngh, L B, 48/95 & 52/97.

1. c trng ca ging khoan thn nh 9,2ppg v trnh khoan vo cc khu vc nghi ng tn ti tng kh
nng, thng qua kt qu nghin cu d thng a chn v kho st

Safety of offshore and

Cng ngh khoan ging thn nh
kh nng;
c ng dng thnh cng v hiu qu
- T 300 - 1.200mTVDss l cc trm tch ct st xen kp c tui

deepwater oil and gas activities to be ensured ....................................10

khoan ging tm kim, thm d v khai thc.
Theo thng k, c trn 6.000 ging thn Miocene mun n Pliocene c ch p sut n nh v khng cha
nh c khoan ti b trm tch Pattani (vnh du kh;
Thi Lan), hng trm ging thn nh c
- T trn 1.200mTVDss ch yu l cc trm tch ct st xen kp,
khoan trong khu vc pha Bc ca b Malay

PV Power's electricity production exceeds 138 billion kWh ................12

c tui a cht t Miocene gia n Oligocene mun (tp K), l i
- Th Chu v mt s ging ngoi khi Bintulu
tng cha du kh nm di mt ranh gii bt chnh hp c tnh
(Sarawak, Malaysia). Ti Vit Nam, Unocal v
Chevron khoan 29 ging thn nh ti L B, khu vc (MMU) ti tp J (Hnh 1). D thng p sut va c th xy ra
48/95 & 52/97. trong khong trn 1.200mTVDss c d bo tng i chnh xc
v nm trong gii hn tng ng vi dung dch khoan 12,5 - 13ppg
Cc ging khoan thn nh c thit k v
s dng cho ging thn nh v c th kim sot trong sut qu trnh

SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH
khoan bi 3 cp ng knh ging l 12inch,
khoan v hon thin ging (Hnh 2). Do c im a cht l cc trm
8inch v 6inch. Trong , cp ng chng
tch lc nguyn c thnh phn thch hc ch yu l ct st xen kp,
3inch hoc 2inch c s dng lm ng
v vy cc chong khoan chuyn dng (chong khoan cnh hn cho
chng v ng khai thc, c trm xi mng
on m l v chong khoan kim cng nhn to cho cc cp ng
cho ton b thn ging ng knh 6inch.
knh nh) c nghin cu v p dng gip tng tc khoan, tng
Thi gian khoan v hon thin ging khai thc
thn nh trung bnh l 4 - 6 ngy/ging vi chi tui th chong khoan v tit kim thi gian thay chong.

Characteristics of slim hole and factors

ph khong 3 triu USD. KQ -1X NKL -3X
A B

affecting the time and costs of well drilling and completion ...........14
2. Cc yu t nh hng n thi gian v
A, B

D
chi ph khoan ging thn nh MMU
E

2.1. Yu t a cht F

Theo kt qu nghin cu a cht - a vt Khi nng Kim Quy

I
a ho ng Kim Long

a ly Kim Long
l v kt qu thu c t cc ging khoan,

Determination of source and breakthrough mechanism

B J

khu vc khoan ging thn nh c p sut A

a ho Ty Kim Long
K
tng i n nh, c th chia thnh 3 khong
vi c im sau:
- T 0 - 300mTVDss l cc trm tch tr, Mng 5 km
of water production in Thang Long field fractured basement
reservoir by Stiff diagram method ......................................................18
tim n ri ro kh nng s c loi tr bng
cch s dng dung dch khoan gc nc Hnh 1. Mt ct a cht - a vt l i qua i nng Kim Quy v Kim Long

Ngy nhn bi: 26/12/2016. Ngy phn bin nh gi v sa cha: 26/12/2016 - 28/2/2017. Ngy bi bo c duyt ng: 31/3/2017.

14

14
'p8.+ - 6

Software development for stress state analysis around wellbore

applied in geomechanical model .......................................................24
Using analysed foraminiferal parameters for evaluating the changes
of foraminiferal assemblage and determining well depositional
environment in Nam Con Son basin .....................................................37

gii thiu cng ngh Study on preparation of detergent system for hydrocarbon
deposits and application for cleaning pipelines to ensure marine
66. Phng php hon thin environmental safety ............................................................................45
ging phi thy lc
Impact of the 4th Industrial Revolution on the oil and gas industry ...54
Research, analysis and evaluation of radioactive pollution levels
in oil and gas exploitation activities in Bach Ho field .........................60

NEWS

Petrovietnam has working meetings with its Russian partners ...........69

Completion Agreements
signed for transfer of interests in Block 15-1/05 .......................................71
Invention patent granted
to VPI/PVPro by National Office of Intellectual Property ..................73
PVFCCo to supply 350 thousand tons
of fertilizer during 2nd quarter of 2017 ...................................................74
Iran inaugurates 10 energy projects worth USD 20 billion ..................75
ExxonMobil announces
3rd hydrocarbon discovery offshore Guyana ........................................75
TIU IM
TH TNG NGUYN XUN PHC
THM X NGHIP PHN PHI KH THP P MIN BC
Th tng Chnh ph Nguyn Xun Phc kim tra h thng iu khin, vn hnh ti X nghip Kh thp p min Bc. nh: PV GAS
Ngy 8/4/2017, Th tng
Chnh ph Nguyn Xun Phc
lm vic vi Tng cng ty Kh Vit
Nam - CTCP (PV GAS), trc tip
kim tra cng tc vn hnh ti
Phng iu khin - Vn hnh ca
X nghip Phn phi Kh thp p
min Bc, thuc Chi nhnh Cng
ty CP Phn phi kh thp p Du
kh Vit Nam (PV GasD).
4 DU KH - S 4/2017
T h tng Chnh ph Nguyn
Xun Phc nghe bo co
chi tit v qu trnh trin khai D n
H thng thu gom v phn phi kh
m Hm Rng v m Thi Bnh, L 102
& 106, D n H thng phn phi kh
thp p cho Khu cng nghip Tin Hi
- Thi Bnh; cc thun li v kh khn
trong qu trnh trin khai thc hin d
n a Khu cng nghip Tin Hi -
Thi Bnh tr thnh khu vc u tin ti
pha Bc c ngun cung cp nhin liu
sch t kh thin nhin.
Ch tch HQT Tng cng ty Kh
Vit Nam - CTCP (PV GAS) L Nh Linh
cho bit PV GAS ang gi v th ch
o ca ngnh cng nghip kh Vit
Nam, trong c s ng gp ca n
v thnh vin l Cng ty CP Phn phi
kh thp p Du kh Vit Nam - PV GasD
(PV GAS chim 50,5% vn iu l). PV
GasD ang kinh doanh cc sn phm
kh t nhin, kh t nhin nn vi doanh
thu nm 2016 t 4.704 t ng. Hin
nay mi nm PV GasD cung cp cho cc
h tiu th trn 700 m3 kh tiu chun
khai thc t m Bch H, b Cu Long
v b Nam Cn Sn v khong 200 triu
m3 kh tiu chun khai thc t m Hm
Rng, Thi Bnh. Mc tiu ca PV GasD l
pht trin, hnh thnh mng li khch
hng tiu th kh tri rng, xy dng
thnh doanh nghip hng u cung
cp kh t nhin trn phm vi c nc;
y mnh cng tc pht trin th trng
theo hng a dng ha sn phm, a
dng ha h tiu th nhm gia tng gi
tr s dng kh; c chnh sch khuyn
khch cc h cng nghip chuyn i t
tiu th ngun nhin liu truyn thng
sang tiu th ngun kh t nhin.

Th tng Chnh ph Nguyn Xun Phc
nh gi cao kt qu hot ng ca PV GAS/
PV GasD trong thi gian qua, biu dng n lc
ca cn b, cng nhn vin vn hnh an ton,
hiu qu cng trnh kh, ng gp cho ngn
sch a phng, to cng n vic lm cho
ngi lao ng.
Th tng Chnh ph yu cu PV GasD
tip tc xy dng thng hiu ln mnh, ng
gp vo s pht trin ca PV GAS, y mnh
pht trin th trng theo hng a dng ha
sn phm, a dng ha h tiu th; c bit
trong qu trnh sn xut phi m bo tuyt
i an ton khng xy ra chy n v bo v
mi trng.
Th tng Chnh ph Nguyn Xun Phc
yu cu PV GAS v PV GASD xem xt, tnh ton
phng n nhp khu kh LNG cung cp cho
th trng pha Bc khi ngun kh ngoi khi
suy gim.
PETROVIETNAM
Trung tm phn phi kh thp p Tin Hi, Thi Bnh. nh: PVN
Nhim v trng tm ca PV n sn sng vi th trng kh gi
GAS trong nm 2017 l tip tc vn cao trong tng lai
hnh an ton, m bo cng tc an
PV GAS t mc tiu kinh
ninh an ton cc cng trnh, d n
doanh hiu qu: 9.274 triu m3 kh
kh; m bo hiu qu sn xut kinh
kh, 1.050 nghn tn LPG, 56 nghn
doanh; cung cp ti a kh v cc sn
tn condensate; tng doanh thu
phm kh cho khch hng, p ng
51.479 t ng, li nhun sau thu
trn 70% nhu cu LPG trong nc.
5.257 t ng, np ngn sch Nh
Trn c s , Tng cng ty tp trung
nc 2.231 t ng. Tng cng ty
kim sot, m bo tin cc d
tp trung kim sot tin , cht
n chun b v thc hin u t; y
lng, chi ph cc d n u t xy
mnh cng tc pht trin th trng
dng: a vo vn hnh thng mi
tiu th kh; gia tng th phn bn
Nh my x l kh C Mau; chun b
l LPG ln n 30% trong nc. PV
v thc hin u t cc d n Nam
GAS tip tc thc hin cc gii php
Cn Sn 2 - giai on 2, S T Trng,
tit kim, tit gim chi ph, h gi
Sao Vng - i Nguyt, C Rng ,
thnh sn phm, nng cao nng
nng cao h s thu hi LPG ti Nh
sut lao ng, hiu qu sn xut
my x l kh Dinh C
kinh doanh; chun b cc phng
H Cm
DU KH - S 4/2017 5
TIU IM
HP TC NNG LNG
VIT NAM - CAMPUCHIA - LO
Th tng Chnh ph Nguyn Xun Phc hi m vi Th tng Campuchia Hun Sen. nh: VGP
T ngy 24 - 25/4/2017,
Tng gim c Tp on
Du kh Vit Nam Nguyn V
Trng Sn tham gia on
cng tc ca Th tng Chnh
ph Nguyn Xun Phc thm
chnh thc Vng quc Cam-
puchia. Ngy 26 - 27/4/2017,
Ph Tng gim c Tp on
Du kh VIt Nam Ch
Thanh tham gia on cng
tc ca Th tng thm chnh
thc Cng ha Dn ch Nhn
dn Lo. Lnh o cp cao cc
nc tp trung trao i cc
gii php y mnh hp
tc song phng, trong c
lnh vc nng lng, du kh.
6 DU KH - S 4/2017
N
gy 25/4/2017, Th tng
Nguyn Xun Phc
hi m vi Th tng
Campuchia Hun Sen, nht tr to iu
kin thun li v tm cc gii php thc
y hp tc trong cc lnh vc c nhiu
tim nng nh: thng mi - u t,
nng lng in, khai khong, du kh
Kim ngch thng mi song
phng trong Qu I/2017 t hn 930
triu USD, tng hn 11% so vi cng
k nm 2016. Vit Nam c 190 d n
u t sang Campuchia, tng vn u
t c t gn 2,9 t USD. u t ca
Campuchia vo Vit Nam cng tng
ln, hin c 18 d n vi tng s vn
khong 58 triu USD. Hin nay, Tp
on Du kh Vit Nam/Tng cng ty
Thm d Khai thc Du kh (PVEP) ang
trin khai d n thm d khai thc du
kh L XV trn t lin ca Campuchia.
Tng cng ty Du Vit Nam (PV OIL)
ang hp tc vi i tc Campuchia
trin khai D n Nh my pha ch
xng du t condensate (CBF) vi tng
mc u t khong 40 triu USD. D n
c phn k lm 2 giai on u t:
(i) u t xy dng Nh my vi cng
sut 130.000 tn nguyn liu/nm gm
c h thng kho cha v cu cng; (ii)
nng cng sut Nh my d kin ln
220.000 tn nguyn liu/nm. Cng ty
CP Phn bn Du kh C Mau (PVCFC)
k hp ng i l vi 5 nh phn
phi t chc kinh doanh, tiu th
m C Mau ti Campuchia v ang
pht trin mnh mng li kinh doanh
phn bn urea v DAP cung cp
sn phm phn bn cht lng cao,
gp phn n nh th trng phn bn
ti Campuchia. Trong giai on 2013 -
2017, PVCFC xut khu 92.675 tn
urea ht c v 3.150 tn sn phm
DAP sang Campuchia. PVCFC d kin
xut khu 80.000 tn phn bn (nm
2017) v 100.000 tn phn bn urea ht
c (nm 2018) sang Campuchia.
Trong chuyn thm chnh thc
Cng ha Dn ch Nhn dn Lo,
ngy 26/4/2017, Th tng Chnh ph

Th tng Nguyn Xun Phc gp g cc doanh nghip Vit Nam u t ti Lo. nh: VGP
B trng, Ch nhim Vn phng Chnh ph Mai Tin Dng lm vic vi PV OIL Lo. nh: VGP
Nguyn Xun Phc hi m vi Th
tng Lo Thongloun Sisoulith. Lnh
o hai nc nht tr trin khai hiu
qu cc c ch hp tc song phng;
nng cao hiu qu hp tc trn cc
lnh vc chnh tr ngoi giao, an ninh
quc phng, kinh t, thng mi, u
t phn u a kim ngch thng
mi nm 2017 tng 10% so vi nm
2016.
Hin nay, Tp on Du kh Vit
Nam/Tng cng ty in lc Du kh
Vit Nam (PV Power) ang nghin cu,
hp tc vi i tc Lo u t thc
hin D n Thy in Luang Prabang.
PV OIL y mnh kinh doanh xng
du sang Lo (107 ca hng xng du,
chim 20% th phn). Tng cng ty
Dung dch Khoan v Ha phm Du
kh - CTCP (DMC) a vo hot
ng Nh my khai thc, ch bin
qung barite ti tnh Savanakhet, Lo.
Ti cuc gp vi cc doanh nghip
Vit Nam ang u t ti Lo, Th
tng Chnh ph Nguyn Xun Phc
nh gi cao cc nh u t, doanh
nghip Vit Nam vt qua kh
khn, thc hin cc d n v t c
PETROVIETNAM
Ngy 27/4/2017, tha y quyn
ca Th tng Chnh ph, B trng,
Ch nhim Vn phng Chnh ph Mai
Tin Dng n thm, lm vic vi PV
OIL Lo (n v do Tng cng ty Du
Vit Nam u t 100% vn). y c
xem l d n u t nc ngoi
hiu qu nht ca PV OIL. T mc u
t ban u 4 triu USD, n nay PV
OIL Lo t li nhun 12 triu USD.
B trng, Ch nhim Vn
phng Chnh ph Mai Tin Dng
chuyn li thm hi ca Th tng
Chnh ph Nguyn Xun Phc ti cn
b, nhn vin ca PV OIL Lo; ng
thi nh gi cao kt qu sn xut
kinh doanh m PV OIL Lo t c,
ng gp vo s pht trin kinh t
ca Lo. B trng, Ch nhim Vn
phng Chnh ph truyn t kin
ca Th tng yu cu khi u t
nc ngoi, cn gi gn uy tn, hnh
nh cho Vit Nam. iu quan trng
nht l c c lng tin ca ngi
tiu dng nc bn, nn vic kinh
doanh, cn o ong m, cht lng
phi bo m.
kt qu ng ghi nhn. Th tng
biu dng mt s doanh nghip,
nh u t Vit Nam ch ng
ti c cu, chuyn i m hnh
kinh doanh ph hp vi iu kin
v din bin ca th trng, t
hiu qu cao hn, qua ng
gp tch cc cho s pht trin ca
quan h hp tc kinh t Vit Nam
- Lo. Th tng Chnh ph ghi
nhn cc kin ngh, xut v c
ch, chnh sch to iu kin pht
trin lnh vc nng lng, dch v,
nng nghip cng ngh cao. Th
tng yu cu doanh nghip Vit
Nam phi ni t, lm nhiu, xy
dng m hnh hp tc hiu qu
cng pht trin vi cc i tc Lo
trong thi gian ti.
Tin t
DU KH - S 4/2017 7
TIU IM
TP ON DU KH VIT NAM THAM D GASTECH 2017
on cng tc ca Tp on Du kh Vit Nam tham d Hi ngh v Trin lm Gastech 2017. nh: PVN
T ngy 4 - 7/4/2017, on
cng tc ca Tp on Du kh Vit
Nam tham d Hi ngh v Trin
lm Gastech 2017 ti Nht Bn.
y l s kin ln nht th gii v
cng nghip kh t nhin v LNG,
gii thiu cc cng ngh v thit b
mi nht trong lnh vc kh.
8 DU KH - S 4/2017
S
kin thu ht s tham gia
ca 200 din gi v 2.500
i biu, trong c cc tp
on/cng ty hng u th gii trong
lnh vc kh t nhin v kh ha lng
(LNG) nh: Gazprom, ExxonMobil,
Shell, BG, Chevron, Total... Trin lm
gm 600 khu trng by, 8 gian hng
quc gia, 4 khu trin lm cc thit b,
cng ngh, sng kin mi nht v kh
t nhin v LNG
Hi tho Gastech 2017 trnh
by 330 bo co thng mi v
k thut, gii thiu cc cng ngh
mi v LNG, cng ngh pht in
s dng kh, FLNG, NGL, CBM, h
thng ng ng vn chuyn/phn
phi kh, tn cha/vn chuyn LNG,
an ton mi trng. Hi tho cng
nh gi v d bo s pht trin ca
th trng kh v LNG quc t, phn
tch cc thch thc/c hi ca th
trng kh, cu trc gi/hp ng
kh v LNG, cc quy nh/nguyn tc
th trng kh, nh hng pht trin
th trng kh...
Trong , Din n mua sm LNG
(The LNG Procurement Forum) tp
trung tho lun cc gii php a
ngnh cng nghip kh pht trin,
m rng kinh doanh thng mi LNG
ton cu, tc ng ca ngun cung
mi v nhu cu thit yu trong tng
lai, d on cho u t di hn - cc
th trng mi ni v nhu cu mi
Trong din n ny, TS. Phan Ngc
Trung - Thnh vin HTV Tp on
Du kh Vit Nam trnh by vn
nhp khu LNG trong Quy hoch tng
th pht trin ngnh cng nghip kh
Vit Nam.

on cng tc ca Tp on Du kh Vit Nam thm v lm vic ti Tokyo Gas. nh: PVN
on cng tc ca Tp on
Du kh Vit Nam gp g, trao
i kinh nghim, cp nht thng
tin v ngnh cng nghip kh t
nhin v LNG trn th gii, c bit
l cc tin b khoa hc cng ngh
cng nh cc xu hng mi trong
k thut v thng mi ca ngnh
cng nghip kh th gii.
PETROVIETNAM
Tng nhu cu vn u t cho ngnh cng nghip kh trong giai on 2016 - 2025 c khong 10,6 t USD. nh: PV GAS
Theo Quy hoch pht trin ngnh cng
nghip kh Vit Nam n nm 2025, nh
hng n nm 2035, Chnh ph xc nh mc
tiu pht trin ngnh cng nghip kh trn
nguyn tc s dng tit kim, hiu qu, hp l
ngun ti nguyn trong nc; trin khai nhp
khu kh thin nhin ha lng (LNG) song song
vi vic thu gom cc ngun kh mi trong nc
b sung cho cc ngun kh ang suy gim,
duy tr kh nng cung cp kh cho cc h tiu
th. Sn lng khai thc kh phn u t 10 -
11 t m3/nm (giai on 2016 - 2020); 13 - 19 t
m3/nm (giai on 2021 - 2025); 17 - 21 t m3/
nm (giai on 2026 - 2035). V cng tc nhp
khu, phn phi LNG, cn nghin cu, tm
kim th trng v y nhanh vic xy dng h
Nhn dp ny, on cng tc thng c s h tng kho cng sn sng tip
ca Tp on Du kh Vit Nam nhn, nhp khu LNG vi mc tiu t 1 - 4 t
gp g, lm vic vi Tokyo Gas, m3/nm (giai on 2021 - 2025) v t 6 - 10
Sumitomo, Jogmec, Eni, Shell... t m3/nm (giai on 2026 - 2035). Tng nhu
Lnh o Tp on Du kh Vit cu vn u t cho ngnh cng nghip kh c
Nam khng nh mong mun m tnh khong 10,6 t USD trong giai on 2016 -
rng quan h hp tc hn na vi 2025 v cn khong 8,5 t USD trong giai on
cc i tc trong thi gian ti. 2026 - 2035.
Thu Huyn
DU KH - S 4/2017 9
TIU IM
BO M AN TON CHO HOT NG DU KH
KHU VC NC SU, XA B
Ti Hi ngh An ton - Sc khe -
Mi trng ln th XI, Tp on Du
kh Vit Nam yu cu cc n v tip
tc u t ngun lc cho cng tc an
ton sc khe mi trng m bo
cc cng trnh/nh my vn hnh lin
tc, n nh, an ton; tng cng bin
php m bo an ton cho cc hot
ng tm kim, thm d, khai thc du
kh khu vc nc su, xa b.
H
i ngh An ton - Sc
khe - Mi trng c
Tp on Du kh Vit
Nam t chc thng nin t nm
2006, nhm nh gi nhng kt qu
thc hin v xy dng, trin khai,
duy tr h thng qun l an ton sc
khe mi trng; cng tc bo h lao
ng, v sinh lao ng, bo v mi
trng, phng chng chy n, phng
nga v ng ph s c khn cp, ci
thin iu kin v mi trng lm
vic.
Hi ngh An ton - Sc khe - Mi
trng ln th XI nghe Bo co
tng kt an ton sc khe mi trng
nm 2016 v phng hng nhim
v nm 2017 ca Tp on Du kh
Vit Nam; Gii php qun l an ton
sc khe mi trng trong tnh hnh
gi du suy gim (Lin doanh Vit -
Nga Vietsovpetro); nh gi din
bin mi trng v cng tc bo v
mi trng ti cc m du kh thuc
b Cu Long (Vin Du kh Vit Nam);
10 DU KH - S 4/2017
Ph Tng gim c Tp on Du kh Vit Nam Ch Thanh pht biu ch o ti Hi ngh. nh: PVN
Kinh nghim chun b ng ph s c
(Cng ty ng ng kh Nam Cn
Sn)
Trong nm 2016, cc nh my,
cng trnh du kh trng im c
vn hnh an ton, n nh, hiu qu
v khng c tai nn s c, chy n
nghim trng. Nhiu cng trnh du
kh mi c a vo vn hnh an
ton nh cng trnh khai thc m
S T Trng - pha 1, m Thin ng,
Nh my x l kh C Mau Cng
tc kim tra an ton lao ng, v sinh
lao ng, phng chng chy n v
bo v mi trng ti cc n v/nh
thu du kh c thc hin thng
xuyn, lin tc; cng tc qun l cht
thi v gim st mi trng c
ch trng; cng tc ng ph trong
tnh hung khn cp c thc hin
kp thi. Tp on Du kh Vit Nam
nh gi mi trng chin lc
ca Quy hoch tng th pht trin
ngnh cng nghip kh Vit Nam
n nm 2025, nh hng n nm
2035; tham gia Hi ng xem xt
chp thun 15 Bo co nh gi ri
ro, Chng trnh qun l an ton, K
hoch ng cu khn cp do Cc K
thut An ton v Mi trng Cng
nghip - B Cng Thng t chc.
Tp on Du kh Vit Nam h tr
Cng ty CP Phn bn Du kh C Mau
(PVCFC) bo v Bo co nh gi
tc ng mi trng D n sn xut
phn bn phc hp t urea nng
chy cng sut 300.000 tn/nm v
D n xy dng Nh my tch ethane
ca Tng cng ty Kh Vit Nam - CTCP
(PV GAS) do B Ti nguyn v Mi
trng t chc
V cc nhim v trng tm trong
nm 2017, ng Nguyn Ch Thanh -
Ph Tng gim c Tp on Du
kh Vit Nam yu cu cc n v m
bo tun th y cc quy nh
ca php lut v an ton sc khe
mi trng. Trong bi cnh gi du
c xu hng phc hi chm, cc n
v tip tc u t ngun lc cho cng
 PETROVIETNAM

M Hi Thch - Mc Tinh. nh: PVN

tc an ton sc khe mi trng tin cy ca h thng thit b

Theo k hoch nm 2017, Tp on Du kh
m bo cc nh my, cng cng ngh. Tip tc nng cao
Vit Nam s khoan 11 ging thm d, thm lng,
trnh c vn hnh lin tc, n nng lc v kh nng ng ph
gia tng tr lng 10 - 15 triu tn du quy i.
nh v an ton. ng thi, cc trong tnh hung khn cp, ch
Sn lng khai thc du kh c t 14,2 triu
n v cn tp trung x l, tho trng nng lc ng ph vi din
tn du v 9,61 t m3 kh, pht trin v a 1
g vng mc v an ton sc bin bt thng ca thi tit v
cng trnh mi vo khai thc (gin ThTC-3 m Th
khe mi trng ti cc d n; ti cc khu vc nc su, xa b;
Trng). Trong giai on 2018 - 2020, Tp on Du
tng cng bin php m bo xy dng b sung, hon thin
kh Vit Nam t mc tiu gia tng tr lng 10 -
an ton cho cc hot ng tm H thng qun l an ton sc
30 triu tn du quy i/nm; tip tc duy tr khai
kim, thm d, khai thc du kh khe mi trng ca Tp on
thc hiu qu cc m hin ti v a vo khai thc
khu vc nc su, xa b; tng Du kh Vit Nam v cc n v
cc m, d n mi theo ng k hoch. Sn lng
cng qun l an ton cng thnh vin; ch trng xy dng
du khai thc d kin mc 15 - 16 triu tn/nm,
ngh trong ch trng cng vn ha an ton.
Quang Minh sn lng kh v b t 9,6 - 13,7 t m3/nm.
tc qun l n mn v qun l

DU KH - S 4/2017 11
TIU IM
PV POWER
SN LNG IN SN XUT T TRN 138 T KWH
Sau 10 nm xy dng v pht
trin, Tng cng ty in lc Du kh
Vit Nam (PV Power) ang qun l, vn
hnh sn xut v cung cp cho li
in quc gia trn 138 t kWh in,
gi vng v tr nh cung cp in ln
th hai ca t nc. t c kt in, gm 4 nh my in kh (C
qu ny, PV Power thc hin ng
b cc gii php ti u ha sn xut, my thy in (Ha Na, kdrinh,
vn hnh cc nh my in an ton, n
nh, hiu qu, vt cng sut thit k.
12 DU KH - S 4/2017
i u trong lnh vc nhit in kh phn bo m an ninh nng lng
quc gia.
Nm 2007, PV Power mi ch c
Nh my in C Mau 1 pht in Tng sn lng in sn xut ca
thng mi vi cng sut 750MW. PV Power trong giai on 2007 - 2017
Sau 10 nm pht trin, PV Power t trn 138 t kWh, tng doanh thu
ang qun l v vn hnh 8 nh my t 180.777 t ng, np ngn sch
Nh nc 8.835 t ng, li nhun
Mau 1 & 2, Nhn Trch 1 & 2), 3 nh trc thu t 9.638 t ng. Tnh
ring 5 thng u nm 2017, tng
Nm Ct) v 1 nh my nhit in sn lng in sn xut ca PV
than (Vng ng 1) vi tng cng Power t trn 8 t kWh, tng doanh
sut thit k 4.208,2MW. PV Power thu t 9.700 t ng, np ngn sch
ang l nh cung cp in ln th Nh nc 483 t ng, li nhun
2 Vit Nam, chim 12% tng cng trc thu t 492 t ng.
sut ton h thng. Cc nh my Hin nay, PV Power ang c
in c vn hnh an ton, hiu 4 n v tham gia th trng pht
qu, huy ng ti a cng sut, gp in cnh tranh, cc nh my u

vn hnh an ton, n nh, hiu qu,
vt cng sut thit k. Trong ,
Nh my in Nhn Trch 2 c
cc chuyn gia nh gi c u th
vt tri v k thut, cng ngh,
tin cy, tnh kh dng v hiu
sut cao, c kh nng vn hnh linh
hot trong di cng sut ln t 110
- 750MW. PV Power cho bit s tp
trung pht trin lnh vc th mnh
l in kh v d kin s u t xy
dng mi 2 nh my in kh Nhn
Trch 3 v Nhn Trch 4 vi cng
sut 750MW/nh my.
Theo ng Trn Vit Ngi, Ch
tch Hip hi Nng lng Vit Nam,
PV Power hon thnh xut sc 3
mc tiu: m bo ngun in cho
nn kinh t, cho pht trin kinh t
Nh my in C Mau 1 & 2. nh: PV Power
Nh my Nhit in Vng ng 1. nh: PV Power
- x hi v an ninh nng lng Vit
Nam; m bo duy tr ngun in,
sn xut lin tc khng b s c,
khng b gin on v hot ng c
hiu qu, sinh li.
Tp trung ti c cu, c phn ha
Thc hin ch trng ca Chnh
ph v chuyn i hnh thc s hu
100% vn nh nc ti cc doanh
nghip sang hnh thc c nhiu ch
s hu, huy ng vn t cc nh u
t trong nc v nc ngoi nng
cao nng lc ti chnh, i mi cng
ngh, i mi phng thc qun
l nhm nng cao hiu qu v sc
cnh tranh; bo m li ch ca Nh
nc, doanh nghip, nh u t v
ngi lao ng thng qua hnh thc
c phn ha, PV Power ang tch
PETROVIETNAM
Theo k hoch, PV Power s bn ra
45% c phn cho nh u t chin lc
ng thi IPO t 3 - 4% c phn. Lng
c phn bn cho nh u t chin lc
c th ln ti 60% vn, ph thuc vo
quyt nh ca Chnh ph. Thi im
IPO d kin din ra vo cui thng
8/2017 v cho bn cho c ng chin
lc hon thnh trong nm 2017.
cc trin khai thc hin cng tc c
phn ha. PV Power tng cng
tip xc vi cc i tc chin lc,
lm vic vi Qu Vinacapital, BNP
Paribas, Standard Chartered Bank v
hot ng c phn ha PV Power v
tm kim c ng chin lc. ng
thi PV Power phi hp vi JP
Morgan (ngn hng c gi tr vn
ha ln nht th gii) t chc Hi
ngh gii thiu v c phn ha PV
Power v c hi hp tc, tr thnh c
ng chin lc ca PV Power. Hi
ngh c s tham d ca cc qu u
t ln nh: Artisan Partners (USA),
Cartica Capital, Franklin Templeton,
Invesco Global, Jennison Associates
LLC v Morgan Stanley (USA),
Greenwoods Asset Management
Ltd. t Hongkong.
Trong nm 2017, PV Power t
mc tiu sn xut trn 21 t kWh
in, doanh thu t 29.000 t ng,
li nhun trc thu t 1.367 t
ng, np ngn sch Nh nc 1.105
t ng. Trn c s , PV Power s
m bo cc nh my in sn xut
an ton, hiu qu; tng cng kim
sot nh mc kinh t - k thut, tit
gim chi ph nhm h gi thnh sn
xut in; gia tng t l ni a ha
i vi dch v bo dng, sa cha;
y mnh ng dng cng ngh
thng tin nng cao hiu qu sn
xut kinh doanh.
Nguyt Hng
DU KH - S 4/2017 13
THM D - KHAI THC DU KH

C TRNG CA GING KHOAN THN NH V CC YU T

NH HNG N THI GIAN, CHI PH KHOAN V HON THIN GING
ng Ngc Qu
Cng ty iu hnh Du kh Ph Quc
Email: quydn@phuquocpoc.vn
Tm tt

Bi bo gii thiu c trng ca ging thn nh (slimhole), phn tch s nh hng ca cc yu t (nh a cht, cng ngh v con
ngi) n thi gian, chi ph khoan v hon thin ging. Trn c s , tc gi nh gi kh nng ng dng cng ngh khoan ging
thn nh cho giai on pht trin khai thc ca L B, 48/95 & 52/97 v kh nng ng dng ti thm lc a Vit Nam.
T kha: Ging khoan thn nh, a cht, cng ngh, L B, 48/95 & 52/97.

1. c trng ca ging khoan thn nh 9,2ppg v trnh khoan vo cc khu vc nghi ng tn ti tng kh
nng, thng qua kt qu nghin cu d thng a chn v kho st
Cng ngh khoan ging thn nh
kh nng;
c ng dng thnh cng v hiu qu
khoan ging tm kim, thm d v khai thc. - T 300 - 1.200mTVDss l cc trm tch ct st xen kp c tui
Theo thng k, c trn 6.000 ging thn Miocene mun n Pliocene c ch p sut n nh v khng cha
nh c khoan ti b trm tch Pattani (vnh du kh;
Thi Lan), hng trm ging thn nh c
- T trn 1.200mTVDss ch yu l cc trm tch ct st xen kp,
khoan trong khu vc pha Bc ca b Malay
c tui a cht t Miocene gia n Oligocene mun (tp K), l i
- Th Chu v mt s ging ngoi khi Bintulu
tng cha du kh nm di mt ranh gii bt chnh hp c tnh
(Sarawak, Malaysia). Ti Vit Nam, Unocal v
Chevron khoan 29 ging thn nh ti L B, khu vc (MMU) ti tp J (Hnh 1). D thng p sut va c th xy ra
48/95 & 52/97. trong khong trn 1.200mTVDss c d bo tng i chnh xc
v nm trong gii hn tng ng vi dung dch khoan 12,5 - 13ppg
Cc ging khoan thn nh c thit k v
s dng cho ging thn nh v c th kim sot trong sut qu trnh
khoan bi 3 cp ng knh ging l 12inch,
khoan v hon thin ging (Hnh 2). Do c im a cht l cc trm
8inch v 6inch. Trong , cp ng chng
tch lc nguyn c thnh phn thch hc ch yu l ct st xen kp,
3inch hoc 2inch c s dng lm ng
v vy cc chong khoan chuyn dng (chong khoan cnh hn cho
chng v ng khai thc, c trm xi mng
on m l v chong khoan kim cng nhn to cho cc cp ng
cho ton b thn ging ng knh 6inch.
knh nh) c nghin cu v p dng gip tng tc khoan, tng
Thi gian khoan v hon thin ging khai thc
thn nh trung bnh l 4 - 6 ngy/ging vi chi tui th chong khoan v tit kim thi gian thay chong.
ph khong 3 triu USD. KQ -1X NKL -3X
A B
A, B
2. Cc yu t nh hng n thi gian v
D
chi ph khoan ging thn nh MMU
E

2.1. Yu t a cht F

Theo kt qu nghin cu a cht - a vt Khi nng Kim Quy

I
a ho ng Kim Long

a ly Kim Long
l v kt qu thu c t cc ging khoan, B J

khu vc khoan ging thn nh c p sut A

a ho Ty Kim Long
K
tng i n nh, c th chia thnh 3 khong
vi c im sau:
- T 0 - 300mTVDss l cc trm tch tr, Mng 5 km

tim n ri ro kh nng s c loi tr bng

cch s dng dung dch khoan gc nc Hnh 1. Mt ct a cht - a vt l i qua i nng Kim Quy v Kim Long

Ngy nhn bi: 26/12/2016. Ngy phn bin nh gi v sa cha: 26/12/2016 - 28/2/2017. Ngy bi bo c duyt ng: 31/3/2017.

14 DU KH - S 4/2017
 PETROVIETNAM

Theo kt qu ca cc ging khoan (Hnh

2), mc d c tn ti d thng p sut cc
tng cha du kh, nhng do tng cha ch
yu l trm tch sng ngi, chu th gm
nhiu thn ct v st kh mng, xen kp v
mc lin tc km dn n th tch tng
cha b gii hn. V vy, nu gp d thng p
sut, th quy m s c nh v d dng khng
ch. Ngoi ra, t khu vc ny mm, c
th khoan vi tc khoan (ROP) rt cao vi
ch thy lc ti a ph hp nht cho vic
lm sch ging.

2.1. Yu t cng ngh

2.2.1. Cu trc ging

Vi c im a cht trn, ging thn

nh thng c 3 cp ng knh ging
tng ng l 12inch, 8inch v 6inch
c thit k v khoan cho 3 khong chiu
su, trong cp ng chng vi ng
Khu vc m Kim Long knh 3inch hoc 2inch c s dng
Khu vc m c Qu lm ng chng v ng khai thc c trm
Khu vc m C Voi
xi mng ton b thn ging ng knh
6inch. Ngoi ra, phc v cho cng tc
Khu vc m Vng en
sa cha ging trong qu trnh khai thc,
Khu vc m Nam c Qu -
Thin H qu o ca ging thn nh phi tun th
S liu th va
theo cc tiu ch sau (Hnh 3):
- im bt u khoan xin nm di
y bin 7 - 10m;
Hnh 2. Gradient p sut cm m trong khu vc L B, 48/95 & 52/97

Hnh chiu bng Hnh chiu ng

0
9 5/8inch
3000
2000
Hng Nam (-) hng Bc (+)

2000
4000
Chiu su (ft)

E
D
C 7inch 7inch
1000 B
A 6000 A

B
9 5/8inch
0 C8000
-2000 -1000 0 1000 2000 30
D

E 10000
-1000
-4000 -2000 0 2000 4000
Chiu ngang (ft)

Hnh 3. Hnh chiu bng v ng c trng ca ging thn nh

DU KH - S 4/2017 15
THM D - KHAI THC DU KH

- Cp ng knh ging 8inch c gc nghing
khng vt qu 60o, gp khc ln nht khng vt
qu 8o/30m cho phn trn v 4o/30m cho phn di;
- Cp ng knh ging 6inch c khoan vo
tng sn phm tng i thng v c gc nghing khng
vt qu 50o v gp khc khng vt qu 4o/30m.
ging thn nh c cu trc ti u nh hin nay,
Unocal nghin cu v thay i cu trc ging t nm
1983 (Hnh 4) v gim 1 cp ng knh. Vic gim s
lng v kch thc ca cp ng knh ging gip
tng tc khoan v hon thin ging, gim chi ph dung
dch khoan, ng chng v xi mng ca ging.
Trc nm 1983 1984 - 1993
Chiu su dc theo ging
26inch 26inch
500ft
20inch 13inch
1.000ft
Trong qu trnh khoan v hon thin ging thn nh,
chiu di thn trn khng nn vt qu 2.450m nhm
hn ch cc s c c th xy ra do gii hn moment xon
ca cn khoan, cng nh gii hn thit k v th tch ca
kh xm nhp (kick tolerance).
2.2.2. ng dng cng ngh c trng trong qu trnh khoan
v hon thin ging thn nh
Nhm gim thi gian khoan v hon thin ging thn
nh, Unocal thay i v ti u cu trc ging khoan,
ng dng thnh tu khoa hc v cng ngh trong qu
trnh khoan v hon thin ging (Bng 1).
Ngoi ra, m bo ti a ha cc cng tc thi cng
1994 - 1996 1997 n nay ng thi, gin khoan cn b sung nhng thit b phc v
cho trin khai cc cng on khng cn n thp khoan
nh cn cu di sn khoan, thit b tho lp cn ph
13inch
12inch tr

2.2.3. Yu t con ngi

13inch 9inch 9inch 8inch
4.500ft
Cc n v, c nhn tham gia vo qu trnh khoan v
hon thin ging thn nh phi p ng c yu cu
t ra, bm st v trin khai theo ng k hoch, cc thay
i trong qu trnh thi cng (nu c) phi thng qua quy
10.500ft 9inch 9inch 7inch 6inch
trnh qun l (MOC). nng cao hiu sut khoan v hon
Hnh 4. Qu trnh ti u cu trc ging khoan trong vnh Thi Lan
Bng 1. ng dng cng ngh c trng trong qu trnh khoan v hon thin ging thn nh
TT ng dng khoa hc cng ngh c trng Cng dng
n gin ha cu trc ging, gim ng knh cc cp v n gin ha Tng tc khoan, gim vt t nhin liu
1
thit b hon thin ging khoan v hon thin ging
Ti u ha qu o ging khoan, vic nh hng cho cc ging c Tng tc khoan cho on 6inch v bo
2 thc hin t cc on khoan b mt 12inch v trung gian 8inch. i m s khoan qua tt c cc mc tiu nh
vi cng on 6inch s duy tr gc nghing n nh (tangent section) trc mt cch nhanh nht
Trin khai ng thi cng tc tho lp cn khoan, b khoan c, dng sn
ng chng 7inch v 2inch, dng c o a vt l, lp t cy thng khai Tit kim thi gian thi cng v gim gi thnh
3
thc, o cht lng xi mng v bn m va cho ging khai thc m khng ging khoan
cn s dng thp khoan
S dng chong khoan chuyn dng (chong khoan cnh hn cho on
Tng tc khoan, tng tui th chong
4 trn v chong khoan kim cng nhn to c thit k nh hng cho
khoan v tit kim thi gian thay chong
cc cp di)
Hn ch st trng n, gim s c xy ra trong
S dng h dung dch khoan gc tng hp cho on khoan ng knh
5 qu trnh khoan v hon thin ging, tng tc
6inch
khoan
Gim thi gian lp u ging, chng ng v
S dng u ging mt cp a nng (unitized) vi c im l thit b hon thin ging, cho php trm xi mng m
6
u treo ng chng cng th mt ln vi h thng lm kn (pack-off) khng cn thp khoan (offline), tit kim chi
ph u ging
S dng ng thi h thng khoan quay cn v thit b nh tm c th Tng tc khoan, gim chi ph v d dng
7
iu chnh bng thy lc (AGS) thay i gc nghing ca ging khoan
8 Khng s dng ng bao (riserless) Tit kim thi gian thi cng
S dng cng ngh khoan bng ng chng (casing drilling) cho ging
9 Tit kim thi gian khoan v chng ng
thm d v thm lng ca cp ng knh 12inch

16 DU KH - S 4/2017
 PETROVIETNAM

thin ging, cc v tr quan trng nh trng iu hnh
khoan, k s trng v mt s v tr trc tip trin khai
cng tc ngoi bin nh gin trng, c cng khoan, kp
trng khoan, gim st thi cng khoan, k s khoan xin...
cn t nht t 3 - 5 nm kinh nghim khoan ging thn
nh trong vnh Thi Lan.
Cc cng on trong qu trnh khoan v hon thin
ging u c chun ha bng cc quy trnh, c ph
bin cc nh thu dch v v tng c nhn lin quan
hiu, nm r v trin khai theo quy trnh ban hnh.
Trong qu trnh thi cng, cc n v (nh thu khoan, dch
v) tun th cc tiu chun, mc tiu v hiu sut cng
vic (KPIs) v quy nh thng pht hp l theo tng giai
on nhm gim thi gian khoan.
gim thi gian v gi thnh ging khoan, cc cng
on t lp k hoch, mua sm thit b v nguyn vt liu,
qu trnh la chn cc nh thu dch v, n qu trnh
trin khai cn c chun b chi tit v p ng ng tin
, ng thi im, ng yu cu v ng i tng.
3. Kt lun
ng dng hiu qu cng ngh khoan v hon
thin ging thn nh cn tha mn ng thi 3 yu t:
a cht, cng ngh v con ngi.
C th ng dng cng ngh khoan v hon thin
ging thn nh cho L B, 48/95 & 52/97 do: yu t a cht
p ng cho vic thit k v khoan ging thn nh; cc
yu t cng ngh khoan ging thn nh c nhiu
nh iu hnh du kh p dng khng ch trong khu vc
vnh Thi Lan, Bintulu (Sarawak, Malaysia) m cn p dng
trong lnh th Vit Nam cho cc ging thm d v thm
lng. Nhm m bo ng dng hiu qu cng ngh
khoan v hon thin ging thn nh, ngoi vic p dng
cc thnh tu khoa hc cng ngh cn u tin pht trin
yu t con ngi.
i vi nhng khu vc c c trng l trm tch lc
nguyn cng hn, vn c th p dng cng ngh khoan
ging thn nh nu c im a cht khc vn c tha
mn, tuy nhin tc khoan c th khng nhanh bng
ging khoan trong L B, 48/95 & 52/97.
Ti liu tham kho
1. Phu Quoc Petroleum Operating Company. Field
development plan, Blocks B, 48/95 and 52/97. 2016.

Characteristics of slim hole and factors affecting the time and costs
of well drilling and completion
Dang Ngoc Quy
Phu Quoc Petroleum Operating Company
Email: quydn@phuquocpoc.vn
Summary

The paper introduces the main characteristics of slim hole and analyses the effect of various factors (such as geological, technological
and human factors) on the time and costs of well drilling and completion. Based on that, the authors assesses the application of slim
hole drilling technology for the development period of Blocks B, 48/95 and 52/97 and its potential application in the continental shelf of
Vietnam.
Key words: Slim hole, geology, technology, Blocks B, 48/95 and 52/97.

DU KH - S 4/2017 17
THM D - KHAI THC DU KH

XC NH NGUN GC V C CH XM NHP NC KHAI THC

T VA MNG NT N M THNG LONG BNG PHNG PHP TH
L Minh V, Trn Thi Sn, V Vit Hng
Cng ty Lin doanh iu hnh chung Lam Sn
Email: vulm@lsjoc.com.vn
Tm tt

Trong qu trnh khai thc du kh, nc thu hi c phn tch lin tc theo di ng thi va, nc xm nhp, t iu chnh
ch khai thc ti u v c cc phng n x l tnh trng lng ng mui, n mn Bi bo trnh by kt qu nghin cu s
dng phng php th Stiff [1] nh gi nc thu hi v th K.S.Chan [2] theo di ng thi va, nc va xm nhp ti
cc ging khai thc ca m Thng Long. Phng php ny n gin, tit kim thi gian, gip nh iu hnh d dng theo di cc ch
s phn tch nc v hm lng nc theo thi gian, xc nh c ch nc xm nhp v iu chnh ch khai thc ph hp vi tng
ging.
T kha: Phn tch nc, c ch nc xm nhp, khai thc nc vt mc, va mng nt n, phng php th.

1. Gii thiu ra 1 mole t hp cht. Cng thc ca h s chuyn i tng

ng nh sau:
Nc va c th xut hin ngay t giai on u
th va hoc sau mt thi gian khai thc. Vic tnh ton C (meq/l) = [g.m-3] Change/Mass = [g.m-3]/equivalent wt
chnh xc cc ch s nc gip nh iu hnh xc nh Trong :
sm nc thu hi l nc va hay nc k thut, t c
cc phng n x l tnh trng lng ng mui, n C: H s chuyn i tng ng;
mn. Trong giai on khai thc, nc thu hi c phn Change: Ha tr;
tch lin tc theo di ng thi va, nc xm nhp,
Mass: Khi lng mole;
t iu chnh ch khai thc ti u.
Equivalent wt: Khi lng chuyn i tng ng;
Nghin cu s dng phng php th Stiff [1]
nh gi nc thu hi v th K.S.Chan [2] theo di Bng 1 th hin h s chuyn i tng ng cho mt
ng thi va, nc va xm nhp. y l phng php s ion ph bin [1].
n gin, cho kt qu sm nh iu hnh c phng
n x l kp thi. Tuy nhin, phng php th i hi 2.1. th Stiff
nhiu ch s hn nn c th lm tng chi ph phn tch
th Stiff l phng php phn tch ch s ha hc ca
trong phng th nghim.
nc c pht trin u tin bi H.A.Stiff vo nm 1951.
Phng php th Stiff v K.S.Chan c ng Phng php ny v vng bao khp kn qua 3 hoc 4 trc
dng ti m Thng Long, b Cu Long v cc ging song song nm ngang ct trc tung ti gi tr 0 (meq/l). Cc
pht trin trong m ny nc xut hin rt sm. Bng cation c v bn tri trc tung n v meq/l v cc anion
phng php th sm xc nh c nc thu hi v bn phi. th Stiff l cng c hu ch so snh gia
l nc va. Da trn s bin i th, nh iu hnh cc ngun nc khc nhau.
xc nh c cc ch s phn tch nc v hm lng
Phng php th Stiff d dng xy dng th cc
nc theo thi gian, c ch nc xm nhp, t iu
ch s ha hc ca cc mu t nhiu ngun khc nhau. Khi
chnh ch khai thc ph hp vi tng ging.
ngun nc c xc nh, th ny c th ch ra s thay
2. Cc phng php th phn tch nc khai thc i ch s ha hc ca cc ngun khc nhau theo khng
v xc nh c ch nc xm nhp gian v thi gian. Tuy nhin, hn ch ca phng php ny
l ch thc hin c mt phn tch trn mt th.
Cc phng php th hin nay c xy dng
da trn h s chuyn i tng ng. H s ny l Ngoi ra, c th k n cc phng php th khc
lng anion hoc cation cn thit thm vo hoc ly dng trong phn tch nc nh: Piper, Durov, Schoeller, Ion

Ngy nhn bi: 23/5/2016. Ngy phn bin nh gi v sa cha: 23/5 - 1/12/2016. Ngy bi bo c duyt ng: 31/3/2017.

18 DU KH - S 4/2017
 PETROVIETNAM

Bng 1. H s chuyn i tng ng [1] c v trn cng th Log-Log theo thi gian (WOR').
S khc bit ca ng WOR v WOR' gip d bo c ch
Khi Khi lng
Ha nc xm nhp: m nc, knh xm nhp. Cng thc tnh
Ion lng chuyn i (t g.m-3
tr
mole tng ng sang meq/l) WOR v o hm WOR nh sau:
H+ 1 1,0 1,0 1,0
Na+ 1 23,0 23,0 0,0435
K+ 1 39,0 39,1 0,0256
Ca2+ 2 40,1 20,15 0,0499
Mg2+ 2 24,3 12,15 0,0823
Fe2+ 2 55,9 28,0 0,0347
Phng php K.S.Chan da vo s liu khai thc thc
Zn2+ 2 65,4 32,7 0,0306 t d bo cc vn khai thc nc vt cp. Nh
(NH4)+ (as N) 1 14,0 14,0 0,0714 cp trn, 2 vn thng gp cc ging khai thc
(HCO3)- 1 61,0 61,0 0,0164 nc vt mc l m nc v xm nhp theo knh (khe
(CO3)2- 2 60,0 30,0 0,0333 nt, ng chng h...). Hnh 2 l cc biu hin l tng ca
Cl- 1 35,5 35,5 0,0282
WOR-WOR' cho cc vn khai thc nc vt cp.
F- 1 19,0 19,0 0,0526
(SO4)2- 2 96,0 48,0 0,0208 Theo K.S.Chan, th Log-Log ca WOR theo thi gian
(NO3)-(as N) 1 14,0 14,0 0,0714 cho c nc xm nhp dng m v theo knh dn u
(H2PO4)- 1 97,0 97,0 0,0103
chia thnh 3 giai on chnh. Giai on u cho n khi
bt u xut hin nc th ng WOR khng i hng.
Mg SO4 Khi bt u khai thc nc, giai on 2, ng WOR s
thay i hng khc nhau gia c ch xm nhp dng m
Ca HCO3
v dng knh dn. c ch xm nhp dng m, ng
WOR chuyn gc tng i chm v u ln trn n khi
t mt gi tr n nh. ng WOR s chuyn gc ln
Na Cl trn rt nhanh c ch xm nhp dng knh dn. Giai
on cui, tc tng gc ca ng WOR tip tc rt
nhanh v ging nhau cho c 2 c ch.

16,7 8,35 0 8,35
Hnh 1. th Stiff [1]
Balance, Radial v Propeties vs Time [1]. Tuy nhin, cc
th ny tng i n gin, ch phn tch cho tng mu
tng ion ring l v khng th phn tch ng thi nhiu
ch s cng lc. Zaporozec tng hp v phn loi cc
phng php th ny v 4 nhm chnh theo mc ch
s dng: dng cho phn loi, tm quan h, phn tch v
minh ha [3].
Cc phng php trn c p dng ty vo tng
mc ch, lnh vc c th. S thay i ch s ion ca nc
va phc tp v c th xm nhp t nhiu ngun khc
nhau. Trong nghin cu ny, nhm tc gi p dng th
Stiff phn tch nh gi ngun gc nc v s bin i
theo thi gian.
2.2. th K.S.Chan
Khi ging khai thc xut hin nc, vic theo di
ng thi nc va xm nhp c th c thc hin bng
phng php cn bng vt cht, m hnh m phng,
th... Phng php th K.S.Chan c cng b vo nm
1995, trong WOR (t s nc - du) v o hm WOR
16,7 (meq/l) Hnh 2 cng m t cc biu hin l tng ca ng
o hm WOR theo thi gian. Theo K.S.Chan, biu hiu
ng WOR' s khc nhau gia 2 c ch xm nhp dng
m v knh dn. ng WOR' s i nhanh ln trn (gc
dng) c ch dng knh dn cn dng m th WOR' i
chm xung di (gc m).
Khai thc nc vt mc c th kim sot c nh
theo di v qun l va, sa cha ging b s c. Phng
n x l ph thuc vo c ch nc xm nhp. D bo
khuynh hng hm lng nc tng tm ra c ch xm
nhp nc l yu t rt quan trng a ra phng n
x l. Cc s c gp phi khi khai thc vt mc v phng
n x l ph hp c tng hp chi tit trong nghin cu
ca Abbas Ali Changalvaie v cng s [4].
3. Xc nh ngun gc v c ch xm nhp nc khai
thc t va mng nt n m Thng Long
3.1. Biu hin nc khai thc trong va mng nt n m
Thng Long
Va mng nt n m Thng Long c pht hin vo
nm 2008 bi 3 ging thm d v thm lng. Hin nay,
c thm 3 ging pht trin cu to ny (Hnh 3). S

DU KH - S 4/2017 19
THM D - KHAI THC DU KH

1000
100
WOR
10
WOR & WOR

1
WOR

0,1

0,01

0,001
1 10 100 1000 10000
Thi gian (ngy)
Nc xm nhp dng knh dn
1000
100 WOR

10
WOR & WOR

1 WOR

0,1

0,01

0,001
1 10 100 1000 10000
Thi gian (ngy) Hnh 3. Bn v tr ging khoan ti cu to mng Thng Long
Nc xm nhp dng m t tng nc y giai on u
chloride gim dn n 22.000ppm. Vn t ra l nc thu hi t
v dng knh dn giai on sau
10
TL-8P c thc s l nc va hay vn cn l nc k thut. Sau mt
WOR nm khai thc (khng bm p nc), hm lng chloride v cc hm
1
lng ha hc khc dn n nh.
WOR & WOR

0,1
Kt qu phn tch cc mu nc khai thc t va mng Thng
WOR
0,01 Long th hin Bng 2. Mu LS1.01.12 v LS1.01.58 c ly t ging
0,001
TL-8P giai on u. Da vo phng php phn loi Saline Water,
cc mu nc ny c kt lun l nc k thut [5].
0,0001
1 10 100 1000 10000 3.2. Phn tch nc khai thc bng th Stiff
Thi gian (ngy)

Nc xm nhp dng m t tng nc y Ngay khi nc xut hin trong ging TL-8P, mu nc c
1 phn tch bng phng php gin Stiff v so snh vi nc va
0,1 WOR cc m ln cn (Hnh 5).
ng bao ca cc mu nc LS1.01 cch rt xa vi ng bao
WOR & WOR

0,01
mu nc va t cc m ln cn 1 v 2. Hnh dng ng bao ca cc
0,001
mu nc tip theo thay i theo thi gian. ng bao b thu hp
WOR
0,0001
dn v tin v ng bao nc va ca cc m ln cn 1 v 2. Kt qu
phn tch mu nc t ging TL-8P ngy 18/12/2014 (mu cam) gn
0,00001
1 10 100 1000 10000 nh tim cn vi ng bao nc va m ln cn.
Thi gian (ngy)
Phng php th Stiff c p dng tng t cho ging khai
Nc xm nhp t ngun nc l
Hnh 2. Cc biu K.S.Chan l tng [2] thc TL-1P nh Hnh 6. ng bao nc khai thc t ging TL-1P n
thng 7/2014 tim cn ng bao nc va.
liu th va t cc ging thm d cho thy nc
thu hi u l nc k thut, cha c du hiu Mu nc va khai thc t mng nt n c phn tch lin tc
ca nc va. Hm lng chloride gim dn theo di ng thi nc xm nhp. Sau khi tim cn ng bao
nhng u trn 30.000ppm (Hnh 4). Tuy nhin, nc va, ng bao nc khai thc s thay i mt s ion. y l
khi a vo pht trin ging khai thc u tin tn hiu r rng ca nc xm nhp gip nh iu hnh iu chnh
TL-8P xut hin nc ngay t u. Hm lng ch khai thc ph hp. th Stiff theo thi gian cho thy r 3 giai

20 DU KH - S 4/2017
 PETROVIETNAM

on thay i ng bao. Giai on u nc khai thc giai on 3 nhanh hay chm l do ngun nc xm nhp bn
ch yu l nc k thut. ng bao s thu hp dn ngoi nhiu hay t. Thng thng cc ch s thay i giai on
vo giai on 2 ty thuc vo mc khai thc nc v 3 l Ca hoc/v HCO3.
khong cch n ngun nc. Trong giai on 2, ng
Bng phng php thng k, nhm tc gi xy dng
bao nc khai thc tim cn nc va, lc ny nc khai
ng bao tng qut ca nc va khai thc trong mng nt
thc ch yu l nc va. Giai on 3 ch xut hin khi va
n m Thng Long. ng bao ny th hin hnh dng chung
c ngun nc khc xm nhp. Giai on 2 chuyn qua
ca nc va tng mng gip cc nh iu hnh khc c c
Thay i hm lng chloride theo thi gian s so snh (Hnh 7). Bin thay i ca tng ch s ion c
va mng Thng Long
5000 100000 tng hp trong Bng 3.
Nc thu hi cng dn TL-1X
4500 Nc thu hi cng dn TL-2X 90000
Nc thu hi cng dn TL-3X
Thng qua th Stiff, nc khai thc t mng nt n m
Nc thu hi cng dn TL-8P
4000 80000 Thng Long c sm xc nh l nc va. Nh , qu o
Nc thu hi cng dn (thng)

Hm lng chloride TL-1X

Hm lng chloride TL-2X
3500 Hm lng chloride TL-3X 70000
ging khai thc th 3 (TL-2P) c iu chnh nng cao v
Hm lng chloride TL-8P
trnh cc vng nt n c tim nng l knh dn nc gip
Chlorides (ppm)

3000 60000
lm chm khai thc nc. Kt qu ny cho thy hiu qu ca
2500 50000 th Stiff trong thc t theo di v qun l khai thc cng
2000 40000 nh iu chnh ging khoan thm.
1500 30000 3.3. Xc nh c ch nc xm nhp bng th K.S.Chan
1000 20000
Ngay khi nc khai thc c xc nh l nc va, th
500 10000
K.S.Chan c lin tc cp nht theo di ng thi nc
0 0 va xm nhp. Hnh 8 v 9 l th K.S.Chan cho ging TL-8P
0 50 100 150 200
Thi gian (gi) v TL-1P tng ng.
Hnh 4. Nc thu hi v thay i hm lng chloride theo thi gian Ging TL-8P v TL-1P trong giai on u c nc xm
ca cc ging khoan vo va mng Thng Long
nhp t tng nc bn di thn du. Tuy nhin, nc khai
th Stiff TL8 -8P Nc va m ln cn 1 thc nhanh chng xm nhp theo cc knh dn c thm
Nc va m ln cn 2
cao (cc khe nt ln lin thng trc tip tng nc y vi
6 LS1.01.12
(Na+K)/1000 Cl/1000
LS1.01.58 ging khai thc) nh minh ha trn mt ct a chn. Ch
4 TL-8P (13/06/2014) khai thc c duy tr trong mt thi gian di nh hng
TL-8P (18/12/2014) ca nc xm nhp dng m nc. Thm ch c hai c ch
2
TL-8P (09/05/2015)
nc xm nhp quan st c cc ging ny. C ch xm
Ca/100 HCO3/10
-4 -3 -2 -1
0
0 1 2 3 4 nhp dng m nh hng ln khai thc trong vi thng u
-2
v nhanh chng chuyn sang nh hng bi c ch dng
knh dn trc tip.
-4

Mg/100 SO4/100 c bit ging TL-8P c iu chnh nhiu mc lu

-6
Meq/l lng khai thc trong vng 100 ngy theo di kh nng
Hnh 5. th Stiff so snh cc mu nc phn tch cho ging TL-8P theo thi gian gia tng dng t cc khe nt vng gn nh. Kt qu thc t

Bng 2. Kt qu phn tch nc t cc ging khoan ca va mng Thng Long

Nc va Nc va TL-8P TL-1P TL-1P TL-8P TL-1P TL-8P

Ion LS1.01.12 LS1.01.58 m ln m ln (13/6/ (13/6/ (1/7/ (18/12/ (9/5/ (9/5/
cn 1 cn 2 2014) 2014) 2014) 2014) 2015) 2015)
Sodium Na + 16.052 11.226 5.649 2.403 10.352 22.101 9.020 8.314 5.732 5.643
Potassium K + 281 128 453 4.075 173 263 102 154 280 179
Calcium Ca 2+ 4.912 4.198 2.909 2.786 3.690 3.814 2.534 3.422 5.320 5.200
Magnesium Mg 2+ 1.335 1.136 10 37 168 154 91 142 72 96
Chloride Cl- 35.678 27.944 14.914 19.834 22.609 38.697 19.986 19.216 19.525 19.170
Bicarbonate
439 398 68 219 267 435 267 272 250 275
(HCO 3)-
Sulphate (SO4)2- 1.478 1.342 47 20 358 974 366 101 58 49

DU KH - S 4/2017 21
THM D - KHAI THC DU KH

cho thy, cc khe nt ny cho dng khi tng chnh p nh th Stiff mng nt n m Thng Long (TL-BM)
8
mong i v thm vng cn ging TL-8P cao ( thm
trung bnh ~ 87mD). Sau mt thi gian duy tr khai thc (Na+K)/10006 Cl/1000 Nc va m ln cn 1
vi ch ny (khai thc lu lng cao), nc bt u Nc va m ln cn 2
4

theo knh dn xm nhp vo ging. Thi im ny, ch TL-8P (18/12/2014)

TL-1P (01/07/2014)
khai thc c duy tr mc ti u hn ch cc 2

Ca/100 HCO3/10
knh nc xm nhp khc. Ti ging TL-1P, nc khai thc 0
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
chuyn sang xm nhp theo knh dn rt sm v thm
-2

vng thn du km v nng lng va gim xung

thp. Phng php tng lu lng khai thc khng p -4

Mg/100 SO4/100
th Stiff TL - 1P Nc va m ln cn 1 Meq/l
-6

8
Nc va m ln cn 2 (Na+K)/1000 Cl/1000
6
(Na+K)/1000 Cl/1000 TL-1P (13/06/2014)

4 TL-1P (01/07/2014)

TL-1P (09/05/2015)
2
Ca/100 HCO3/10
Ca/100 HCO3/10
-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

-2

-4
Mg/100 SO4/100
Mg/100 SO4/100
-6Meq/l

Hnh 6. th Stiff so snh cc mu nc phn tch cho ging TL-1P theo thi gian Hnh 7. Gin Stiff tng qut nc va khai thc t va mng nt n va Thng Long

(a) (a)
TL- 8P TL-1P
10 10 10 10
WOR
iu chnh khai thc
WOR'

1 1 1
WOR V WOR

1
WOR V WOR

0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1

Dng m nc Dng knh dn
Dng m nc Dng knh dn

WOR
WOR'
0,01 0,01 0,01 0,01
1 10 100 1000 1 10 100 1000
Thi gian (gi) Thi gian (gi)
(b) (b)
Hnh 8. Mt ct a chn (a) v th K.S.Chan cho ging TL-8P (b) Hnh 9. Mt ct a chn (a) v th K.S.Chan cho ging TL-1P (b)

22 DU KH - S 4/2017
 PETROVIETNAM

Bng 3. Bin thay i ca cc ion trong nc va

Ion (Na+K)/1000 Ca/100 Mg/100 SO4/100 HCO3/10 Cl/1000

Tolerance ( 0, 21 0,39) (1, 27 4,36) ( 0, 01 0,12) ( 0, 004 0, 076) ( 0,11 1,18) ( 0, 42 0, 63)
(meq/L) 0, 28 2, 68 0, 05 0, 002 0, 64 0,55

dng cho ging TL-1P v thm trung bnh th va km
( thm trung bnh ~ 1,7mD). Nu tng khai thc s to
thm nhiu knh dn cho nc xm nhp.
T c ch khai thc nc v tnh cht va cha, nh
iu hnh a ra cc phng n iu chnh duy tr
ti u. Trong va mng nt n, thi gian chuyn i gia
nc xm nhp dng m v dng knh dn trc tip l
rt sm nu khai thc vt mc. Do , cn phi lin tc
cp nhp th K.S.Chan theo di ng thi va v ti
u khai thc.
tng mc chnh xc trong d bo c ch nc
xm nhp, nn p dng phng php th vo cc
ging va mng nt n vi lch s khai thc lu hn.
th K.S.Chan cho thy hiu qu thc t trong hot ng
theo di v qun l khai thc.
4. Kt lun
Phng php th gip xc nh sm nc va t
cc ging khoan du kh trong va mng nt n b Cu
Long. Biu hin thay i ng bao Stiff chia thnh 3 giai
on chnh: giai on u nc khai thc ch yu l nc
k thut, giai on 2 l nc va v giai on 3 c nc
xm nhp.
- Khi xc nh nc khai thc l nc va, bng
phng php th K.S.Chan s phn tch c ng thi
nc va v sm pht hin khai thc nc vt mc. T ,
iu chnh ch khai thc cho ph hp vi ng thi va
tng thu hi du - kh.
- ng bao nc va tng qut t mng nt n m
Thng Long c xy dng l ngun tham kho cho
phn tch nc khai thc t cc va khc trong b Cu Long.
- p dng phng php ny cho cc ging khc v
nh gi, so snh vi cc phng php khc.
Ti liu tham kho
1. Erika Elswick. Methods for analytical geochemistry.
Geology 214 (Lectures), Indiana University. 2012.
2. Echufu-Agbo Ogbene Alexis. Diagnostic plots for
analysis of water production and reservoir performance.
Master of Science in Petroleum Engineering. 2010.
3. Alexander Zaporozec. Graphical interpretation
of water - Quality data. Department of Geology and
Geophysics, University of Wisconsin. 1972; 10(2): p. 32 - 43.
4. Abbas Ali Changalvaie, KazemLovimi, Abbas
Khaksar. Mechanism of excessive water production in an
Iranian offshore oilfield. International Conference on
Bioscience, Biochemistry and Bioinformatics. 2012.
5. Water sample analysis & evaluation report.
Petrovietnam Research and Development Center for
Petroleum Processing. 2014.

Determination of source and breakthrough mechanism

of water production in Thang Long field fractured basement
reservoir by Stiff diagram method
Le Minh Vu, Tran Thai Son, Vu Viet Hung
Lam Son Joint Operating Company
Email: vulm@lsjoc.com.vn
Summary
During the production phase, produced water has been constantly analysed to monitor well performance and water encroachment
so as to come up with a mitigation plan to optimise production and diagnose scale deposit and erosion. In this paper, the Stiff diagram
[1] is employed to evaluate the water source by plotting chemical indicators and determine the water-out mechanism in the production
wells of Thang Long field by a hypothesis developed by K.S.Chan [2]. Those methods have the advantages of being simple, handy and
cost-effective which allow the operators to easily monitor production, determine the water breakthrough mechanism and optimise well
production performance in the long run.
Key words: Water analysis, water breakthrough mechanism, excessive water production, fractured basement reservoir, diagram method.

DU KH - S 4/2017 23
THM D - KHAI THC DU KH

PHT TRIN PHN MM PHN TCH TRNG THI NG SUT

XUNG QUANH THNH GING KHOAN TRONG NG DNG
BI TON A C HC
Nguyn Vn Hng, Trnh Quang Trung, Lng Hi Linh
i hc Du kh Vit Nam
Email: hungnv@pvu.edu.vn
Tm tt

Bi bo gii thiu kt qu phn tch trng thi ng sut thay i khi c hot ng khoan qua thnh h trn c s d liu gi nh
v phn tch mt s hiu ng nh hng ca thng s u vo ti kt qu phn tch. T c s l thuyt v phng trnh nghim gii tch
v trng thi ng sut vi tn gi phng trnh Kirsch cho trng hp ging khoan tit din trn trong mi trng t gi thit l
vt liu rng n hi, tuyn tnh v ng nht, nhm tc gi xy dng chng trnh tnh ton W3IPVU da trn ngn ng lp trnh
chuyn dng (m ngun m, chy trn h Linux) cho php phn tch s thay i trng thi ng sut vi qu o ging khoan bt k.
i tng va p dng cho chng trnh tun theo gi thit ca Kirsch. Kt qu nghin cu ban u c nhm tc gi gii thiu trong
bi bo ny cho thy s thay i ca trng thi ng sut trong qu trnh khoan, c bit ph thuc rt ln vo hng khoan. ng sut
tip tuyn c th tng do tc ng khoan v ph thuc vo ng knh ging khoan.
T kha: a c hc, trng thi ng sut, n nh thnh ging.

1. Gii thiu hp, s mt n nh thnh ging khoan c th gy ra s

c kt b khoan c hoc thm ch sp l ton b thnh
Hin nay, xu hng tm kim, thm d, khai thc du
h khoan.
kh ti khu vc nc su ngy cng gia tng vi chi ph
u t cao hn so vi chi ph tm kim, thm d, khai Bi ton phn tch n nh thnh ging khoan l
thc trn t lin. gim gi thnh khoan, cc cng mt trong nhng yu cu cp thit a ra phng
ty p dng cng ngh khoan nh hng, s dng mt n tit kim ti u chi ph trong cng tc khoan - khai
ging trung tm khoan cc ging r nhnh khc. Tuy thc du kh, c bit l nhng trng hp ging khoan
nhin, tnh mt n nh thnh ging khoan gy ra vic nghing hoc khoan ngang. Thng thng nguyn
tng thi gian khoan, thm ch phi hy ging khoan. nhn gy ra vn mt n nh thnh ging khoan l
c tnh mi nm trn th gii phi chi ti gn 500 triu do nh hng ca hiu ng c hc, hiu ng ha hc
USD lin quan trc tip hoc gin tip ti vn mt hoc kt hp c hai.
n nh thnh ging khoan. Do , c th p dng
Thc cht bi ton phn tch n nh thnh ging
thnh cng trong k thut khoan nh hng, cn phn
khoan l mt trong nhng ng dng ca vn a c
tch y , chnh xc trong giai on lp k hoch cho
hc c nhiu tc gi quan tm [1]. Thng thng
mt ging khoan.
mt s m hnh v tiu chun ph hy hay c s dng
n nh thnh ging khoan l mt trong nhng vn trong phn tch bi ton n nh thnh ging nh m hnh
quan trng trong qu trnh khoan v khai thc du Lade hiu chnh [2], Mogi-Coulomb [3], Mohr-Coulomb [1,
kh. Nhiu vn c th ny sinh lin quan ti n nh 4]. V vy, c th p dng cc m hnh hoc xut
thnh ging khoan nh hin tng mt dung dch trong
m hnh mi da trn phng php hiu chnh h s v
qu trnh khoan do to nhng vt nt thnh h. Hin
s dng cc d liu sn c (t nghin cu trc hoc tin
tng ny xy ra khi p sut ct dung dch khoan ln
hnh thc nghim) cho mi trng va coi l ng nht
hn p sut nt va ca thnh h. Trong khi thnh
hoc bt ng nht, trc tin cn xem xt trng ng
ging khoan cng c th b st l khi p sut ct dung
sut trong va. Bi ton t ra l xem xt v so snh s
dch khoan nh hn p sut ti hn st l ca thnh h,
phn b, phn b li ca trng ng sut xung quanh v
iu ny khin cho ng knh ging khoan c th b co
ln cn khu vc ging khoan.
hp li hoc b m rng ra v khng to c tit din
ging khoan trn nh mong mun. Trong nhiu trng

Ngy nhn bi: 21/6/2016. Ngy phn bin nh gi v sa cha: 21/6 - 14/10/2016. Ngy bi bo c duyt ng: 31/3/2017.

24 DU KH - S 4/2017
 PETROVIETNAM

2. C s l thuyt

Trong trng hp tng qut 3 chiu,

trng thi ng sut ti mt im thng
c biu din bng 9 thnh phn ng sut
khc nhau di dng ma trn. Tuy nhin, nu
p dng nguyn l cn bng moment cho
mt hnh hp ch nht cha im trng thi
ng sut cn nghin cu vi tng mt, th c
th nhn c ma trn ng sut l i xng.
Vy trng thi ng sut ti mt im c th
biu din bi 6 thnh phn ng sut khc
nhau, vi h trc ta bt k. Nu cc trc
ta trng vi cc trc chnh th trng thi
ng sut c biu din bi 3 thnh phn do
cc ng sut tip = 0. T 3 thnh phn ng
sut chnh ny c th tnh ton c gi tr
ng sut theo phng bt k.
Trng thi ng sut trong va trong h Hnh 1. Trng thi ng sut [5]
ta theo hng 3 trc chnh (Hnh 1) c
c trng bi ng sut thng ng (vertical
stress) , ng sut ngang ln nht (maximum T trng tng ng
horizontal stress) H, ng sut ngang nh
nht (minimum horizontal stress) h [5]. Do
ging khoan c th theo mt hng nghing,
Chiu su

v vy tin tnh ton thng chuyn trng

thi ng sut trong h ta a phng vi
cc trc lin quan ti trc ging khoan, gc
phng v v tip tuyn vng trn tit din
ging khoan [6, 7]. Chi tit v chuyn trc ta
p sut va
s c gii thiu trong phn tip theo.
p sut v va
Trong qu trnh khoan hoc khai thc, trng p sut a tnh
thi ng sut xung quanh ging khoan c
phn b li, v d trng hp phn thnh
h c khoan v thay th bng dung dch
khoan hoc trong qu trnh khai thc hin
tng suy gim p sut va thng gp khi
cht lu trong va b thu hi qua cc giai on
khai thc. Theo thng k, c hn 70% m khai
thc chuyn sang ch khai thc th cp
v tam cp [8], do vy cn phi nghin cu
nh hng ca suy gim p sut va ln tnh
n nh ca thnh ging khoan khi tin hnh
khoan qua cc va c p sut suy gim.
Thng thng khi thit k la chn t
trng dung dch khoan cn m bo p sut
ct dung dch khoan nm trong khong p
sut va (pore pressure - PP) hoc ng sut Hnh 2. Nguyn tc la chn t trng dung dch khoan m bo n nh thnh h
ph hy ct (shear failure - SF hoc shear v cc dng mt n nh thnh ging khoan [9]

DU KH - S 4/2017 25
THM D - KHAI THC DU KH

failure gradient) v p sut nt va (fracture pressure - FP
hoc fracture gradient - FG) (Hnh 2). Ngoi ra hnh v
cng a ra mt s kch bn v cc dng c th b ph
hy nu khng la chn tt t trng dung dch khoan.
Nu t trng dung dch khoan la chn to ra p sut gi
thnh ging nh hn p sut va th c th gy ra thnh
ging b v hoc thm ch b sp. Trng hp ngc li p
sut gi thnh ging gy ra do ct dung dch khoan ln
hn p sut va c th gy cho thnh ging b phnh hoc
nt va v kt qu tng ng gy ra l mt dung dch hoc
mt tun hon dung dch.
Tuy nhin, trong trng hp c hin tng suy gim
p sut thnh h c th lm thay i gi tr ti hn p sut
st l v p sut v va ca thnh h. Theo Xiaorong Li [4]
v Hubbert [10] gi tr p sut v va s suy gim trong qu
trnh suy gim p sut va i vi mt s loi trm tch,
Chiu su TVD (m)
n nh
Nt va
Sp l
Dung trng dung dch khoan (lb/gal)
(a)
Chiu su TVD (m)
Chng trnh
thy lc khoan
Nt va
n nh
Kt cn khoan
Sp l
Dung trng dung dch khoan (lb/gal)
(b)
Hnh 3. S phn tch n nh thnh ging khoan: (a) cho cc ging c gc nghing 0o,
30o, 55o, (b) trng hp ging c gc nghing 55o v vn gp phi vi chng trnh
khoan [11]
nhng cng c mt s loi va th gi p sut v va khng
thay i. y cng chnh l kh khn trong qu trnh iu
chnh t trng ca dung dch khoan m bo tnh n
nh ca ton b thnh h khoan qua. Nghin cu ca
Steiger v Leung [11] ch ra rng trng hp khoan ging
t thng ti ngang s lm tng vic kh khn trong la
chn dung dch khoan c t trng ph hp v phm vi gii
hn la chn khung an ton t trng dung dch khoan b
gim, do vy rt d xy ra s c gy kt cn khoan (Hnh
3). Vic la chn t trng dung dch khoan kh khn hn
i vi ging khoan nh hng (Hnh 3a). Hnh 3b a ra
trng hp ging khoan mt hng khoan nh hng
55o. Chng trnh thy lc khoan m bo an ton trong
qu trnh khoan khi t trng la chn nm trong vng an
ton. Trng hp la chn t trng nm trong vng sp
l s gy hin tng kt cn khoan trong qu trnh khoan.
Thng thng tin hnh bi ton phn tch n
nh thnh ging khoan, cn c cc thng s u vo nh
sau:
- ng sut ti ch: H, h, ;
- p sut va Po;
- Thng s v ging: TVD, gc phng v;
- Thng s a c hc ca thnh h: H s Poisson,
lc dnh, gc ma st trong, h s Biot, cng chu
lc n trc UCS (Unconfined Compressive Strength),
module n hi Young E.
Bng 1 th hin gii hn thay i thng thng ca
cc thng s trong vic phn tch bi ton n nh thnh
ging theo thng k ca Chen v cc cng s [12]. Trong
c cc thng s khng thay i v mt s thng s
thay i.
2.1. Hng v ln ca ng sut ti ch
Trng thi ng sut ti ch rt kh c th thy c
l ng hng v thng thng t s ng sut ngang ln
nht v ng sut ngang nh nht H/h thay i trong
khong t 1,0 - 2,0, trong khi t s ng sut ngang nh nht
v ng sut thng ng, h/ thay i t 0,3 - 1,5 i vi
cc loi va hin nay [12]. Qu o ging khoan v trng
ng sut ti ch thay i theo hng khc nhau v gc
nghing theo yu cu thit k ti a sn phm khai thc
t mt gin khoan. Qu o khoan v ng sut ti ch c
nh hng ln ti tnh n nh ca ging khoan. Theo nh
ngha v cc loi t gy th mi tng quan gia gi tr
ng sut thng ng v 2 ng sut ngang to ra cc ch
trng thi ng sut ti ch khc nhau: t gy thun, NF

26 DU KH - S 4/2017
 PETROVIETNAM

Bng 1. Yu t nh hng ti n nh thnh ging khoan v gii hn gi tr [12] nghim. Bi bo gii thiu phng php tnh ton c
TT Yu t nh hng Gi tr tng hp bi Li v Purdy [13], trong ng sut thng
1 Gradient ng sut thng ng, (kPa/m) 22,6 - 29,0 ng c xc nh bng cch tch phn khi lng ring
2 T s ca ng sut ngang nh nht, h/ 0,3 - 1,5 ca cc tng a cht trong kt qu o log theo phng
3 T s ca ng sut ngang, H/h 1,0 - 2,0
trnh 1.
Gc nghing ca ging so vi phng
4 0 - 90
thng ng (o) Z

5 Lc dnh hiu dng ca khi , c 3,0 - 16,5 v = w gZ w + b ( z) gdz (1)

Zw
6 Gc ma st trong hiu dng ca khi , (o) 22,0 - 33,0
7 bn chu ko ca khi , t (MPa) 1,3 - 3,0 Trong :
8 Module n hi Young ca khi , E (GPa) 5,0 - 15,0
9 H s Poisson ca khi , 0,1 - 0,4 Zw: Chiu su mc nc;
10 E1/E2* 1,0 - 1,5 : Khi lng ring ca nc bin;
11 12/13** 1,0 - 1,4 w

12 cb/ci*** 0,53 - 1,0 b

: Khi lng ring ca lp trm tch v ph thuc
13 Tan ' / tan i' *** 0,67 - 1,0 vo chiu su;
b
14 t1/t2* 0,65 - 1,0
15 UCS2/UCS1* 1,0 - 1,6 Z: Chiu su thc theo phng thng ng ca ging
16 Gradien p sut va, pp (kPa/m) 10,4 - 20,4 khoan.
17 T trng dung dch khoan (SG) 1,0 - 2,0 Thng thng trong phm vi chiu su ca m du
* 1 v 3 c trng cho phng song song vi th lp trm tch; kh truyn thng, gradient ng sut thng ng thay i
** 2 c trng cho phng vung gc vi th lp trm tch;
*** i v b c trng cho khi v th lp trm tch. trong khong 18,1 - 22,6kPa/m (tng ng 0,8 - 1,0psi/
ft) [14].
Bng 2. Cc phng php xc nh gi tr v phng ng sut ti ch [15]
Kiu ng ng sut ngang nh nht c th c xc nh t
xc sut/p K thut o Phng php tnh phng php o trc tip qua th nghim LOT, XLOT v
nh sut to vt nt nh (minifracture test) hoc qua phng trnh
Log mt
gii tch v phng trnh thc nghim (2) [15, 16].
Vt v
Trng lng dung (2)
= ( P )+
H dch khoan 1
Quan st ph hy
Gi tr ca thnh ging Trong : l h s Poisson v p l h s Biot.
ng LOT
sut T cc th nghim i vi ng sut ngang ln nht hin nay cha c
trung gian phng php o trc tip m vn cn s dng cc thng
h Nt va thy lc FIT s khc tnh ton gin tip. Cc phng php xc nh
Mt dung dch c tng hp trong Bng 2 [15].
Nt thnh ging do
khoan 2.2. Trng thi ng sut xung quanh thnh ging khoan
Thit b lng cc Phng t gy
Phng vt nt t 2.2.1. Trng thi ng sut ti mt im
To nt nh
Phng nhin
H hoc
ng Nt va thy lc Trng thi ng sut ti mt im thuc trm tch
h
sut Nt thnh ging thng c c trng bi ma trn c 9 phn t v c
do khoan
th c tch thnh tng ca ng sut trung bnh v ng
Vt v
DST Log mt sut lch. Tuy nhin, trng thi ng sut ti mt im c
p nn ng Log m thanh th c xc nh thng qua trng thi ng sut chnh
sut Po LWD a chn gm 3 thnh phn chnh trn 3 mt chnh vung gc i
va Trng lng dung
MDT qua im . Thng thng 3 ng sut chnh c k
dch khoan
hiu v th t ln nh sau: 1 > 2 > 3 [15], vi 1 c
( > H > h), t gy do nn p hay t gy nghch, RF (H gi l ng sut chnh ln nht, 2 ng sut chnh trung
> h > ), t gy trt ngang, SS (H > > h). gian, 3 ng sut chnh nh nht. phc v vic s dng
cc tiu chun ph hy, trng thi ng sut thng c
xc nh cc gi tr ng sut ti ch cn s dng kt
xc nh thng qua cc ng sut chnh.
hp phng trnh nghim gii tch v phng trnh thc

DU KH - S 4/2017 27
THM D - KHAI THC DU KH

2.2.2. Trng thi ng sut sau khi khoan x0 = ( H cos2 + h sin 2 ) cos2 i + v sin 2 i
Vic can thip to mt ging khoan y0 = H sin 2 + h cos 2
0
lm mt i vng t m trc ang =( cos2 + sin 2 ) sin2 + cos2
(3)
chu mt phn ng sut to ra s phn b 1
xy0 = ( h H ) sin 2 cosi
li ng sut so vi trng thi ban u, v 2
vy cn hiu r v s phn b li ny. Nu 1
yx = ( h H ) sin 2 sini
0

s xc nh li v s phn b ng sut khi 2

1
c ging khoan l chnh xc s gip k s zx0 = ( H cos2 + h sin 2 v ) sin 2i
2
khoan la chn hoc a ra khuyn co v
Trng thi ng sut sau khi khoan (h phng trnh 4)
qu o ging khoan ph hp m bo
cho thnh ging khoan n nh. ng thi
c th la chn t trng dung dch khoan
ph hp vi qu o la chn.
Kt qu xy dng v ng dng phng
trnh Kirsch (1898) v cc thnh phn ng
sut c th hin trong cc nghin cu
[17 - 19]. Gn y, c mt s nghin cu
(4)
ng dng trn th gii s dng phng
trnh Kirsch p dng v xy dng m
hnh tiu chun ph hy ph hp trong
bi ton phn tch n nh thnh ging
[3, 20]. Trong nc cng c mt s nghin
cu nh [21, 22]. Tuy nhin, vic s dng v
ng dng trn thng s dng cc chng
trnh tnh ton nh excel, phn mm
thng mi GMI hoc nhng ngn ng lp
trnh nh Fortran, Matlab v cho kt qu Trong :
l mt s trng hp c bit ca ging - i, : Gc nghing v gc phng v ca ging (Hnh 4);
khoan hay mt thng s thay i cn cc
- a: Bn knh ging khoan;
thng s khc c nh. a ra mt bc
tranh y hn v phn b trng thi ng - r: Khong cch t trc ging khoan ti im bt k xung quanh
sut, nhm tc gi pht trin chng ging khoan;
trnh ng dng vit trn ngn ng lp - , , : Cc gi tr ng sut php tuyn ban u khi cha
trnh chuyn dng chy trn h iu hnh khoan trong h ta Descartes (x, y, z);
Linux vi vic s dng cc cng thc trong
phng trnh Kirsch m kt qu s c - , , : Cc gi tr ng sut tip tuyn ban u khi cha khoan
gii thiu trong phn tip theo. y cng trong h ta Descartes (x, y, z);
l giai on u tin trong d n xy dng - : Cc ng sut theo cc trc bn knh, trc tip tuyn mt
b phn mm ng dng phn tch n nh trn tit din ging khoan ti v tr gc v trc z trong h ta a
thnh ging khoan, qu trnh sinh ct khi phng (x, y, z);
khoan v khai thc i vi 2 trng hp va
- , , : Cc gi tr ng sut tip tuyn trn cc mt r, z, rz
coi l ng nht v cc vn khc trong
trong h ta a phng (x, y, z).
bi ton ng dng m hnh a c hc vo
khoan - khai thc du kh. Tng hp cc ti 3. Kt qu nghin cu v trao i
liu [17 - 22] cho tm tt sau:
Kt qu nghin cu phc v phn tch ban u trong bi ton
- Trng thi ng sut khi cha khoan ng dng m hnh a c hc trong khoan - khai thc du kh i vi
(h phng trnh 3) va ng nht hoc khng ng nht, vi cc thng s u vo nh

28 DU KH - S 4/2017
 PETROVIETNAM

Bng 4. D liu ny c gi nh, nhng trong trng

hp cn thit p dng thc t th cc thng s ny c
xc nh theo phng php c nu trong Bng 2. Tuy
nhin, trong a s cc trng hp xc nh cc thng
s u vo ny u c sai s, v vy vic xem xt s nh
hng ca thng s u vo ti kt qu phn tch kh
quan trng. K s tnh ton cn thn trng khi phn tch
kt qu vi b d liu u vo xc nh trnh a ra
nhn nh sai lm.
Cc bc xy dng bi ton phn tch trng thi ng
sut xung quanh thnh ging khoan c thc hin theo
trnh t sau:
- Thng s u vo: h s Biot, gc nghing ca
Hnh 4. Chuyn trc ta trng thi ng sut i vi ging khoan nghing bt k ging khoan (), gc phng v (), ng sut ti ch

Bng 3. Tng hp cng thc xc nh trng thi ng sut xung quanh thnh ging khoan [14]
Trng hp khoan Thnh phn ng sut

Khoan xin
Ti thnh ging khoan (r = a)

x0 = H P w gim th tng, vt liu b nn, P w tng th gim ti khi m tc l b

y0 = h
( nguy c b ph hy nn): ko, ( = 0; nguy c b ph hy ko):
z0 = v = Pw Pp
r p r = Pw pP p
xy0 = 0; yz0 = 0; xz0 = 0 (3 ) Pw Pp (3 ) Pw Pp
H h p h H p

z = v + 2 ( H h ) p Pp z v 2 ( H h ) p Pp

Khoan ngang
Trng hp:  = 0 Trng hp: =
x0 = v r = Pw pP p r = Pw pP p
y0 = H sin 2 + h cos 2 =(
v + h ) 2( v h ) cos 2 ( ) (
z0 = H cos 2 + h sin 2 Pw pP p Pw pP p
xy0 = 0 2 ( ) cos 2 P z h 2 ( v H ) cos 2 p Pp
1 = = rz = 0
0
( ) sin 2 z r z = r = rz =0
2
xz0 = 0
Khoan trong mt phng r = Pw p Pp
( h v ) hay  = (
x0 = h cos 2i + v sin 2i Pw pP p
= = + 2 2
( 2 2

xy0 = yx0 = 0
z ( h v ) sin 2 .cos ( h v ) sin 2 .sin
1
zx0 = ( h v ) sin 2 i r = rz = 0
2

DU KH - S 4/2017 29
THM D - KHAI THC DU KH

ngang ln nht (H), ng sut ngang nh nht (h), ng sut - Tnh ton trng thi ng sut khi cha khoan
thng ng (), p sut trong ging khoan (Pwf ), p sut va theo h phng trnh (3) trong h ta la chn;
(Pp), bn knh ging khoan (r), h s Poisson;
- Tnh ton trng thi ng sut ti mi im
trong khng gian tng ng vi thng s v iu kin
ging khoan;
- Phn tch s nh hng ca cc thng s u
vo ti kt qu.
Vic tnh ton thng s cho mi gi tr ti v tr la
chn. c hnh nh tng th v s phn b trng thi
ng sut biu din bng s phn bit mu, t ch ra
vng phn b ng sut tp trung c th th s dng
phng php s hoc phng php phn t hu hn.
Trong nghin cu ny, mt chng trnh t ng (giao
din nh Hnh 5) c thit lp trn ngn ng lp trnh
chuyn dng cho php ngi dng nhp cc thng s
u vo v la chn xut kt qu l cc biu phn
b ng sut.

Hnh 5. Giao din chng trnh W3IPVU xc nh phn b trng thi ng sut xung quanh Kt qu m t s phn b ng sut xung quanh
thnh ging khoan khu vc ging khoan th hin trong Hnh 6 - 9. Cc s
Bng 4. Thng s u vo cho chng trnh ng dng

H (MPa) h (MPa) (MPa) Pwf(MPa) Pp(MPa) p rw(m) o io

48,0 36,0 53,0 36,0 28,0 0,8 0,25 0,4 Ty chn
thay i trong khong 0 - 360 ; i thay i trong khong 0 - 90
o o o o

ng sut r ng sut ng sut z

ng sut r ng sut rz ng sut z

Hnh 6. Trng hp khoan ngang theo phng ng sut ngang ln nht, o = 0, io = 90

30 DU KH - S 4/2017
 PETROVIETNAM

ng sut r ng sut ng sut z

ng sut r ng sut rz ng sut z

Hnh 7. Trng hp khoan ngang theo phng ng sut ngang nh nht, o = 90, io = 90

ng sut r ng sut ng sut z

ng sut r ng sut rz ng sut z

Hnh 8. Trng hp khoan ng, o = 90, io = 0

DU KH - S 4/2017 31
THM D - KHAI THC DU KH
ng sut r
ng sut r
Hnh 9. Trng hp khoan theo phng bt k, o = 45, io = 45
phn b ng sut (r, , z, r, rz, z) cho mt s kch
bn ging khoan: trng hp khoan ngang theo phng
ng sut ngang ln nht, theo phng ng sut ngang
nh nht, khoan thng ng v khoan theo mt phng
la chn bt k. Cc biu phn b cho php phn bit
cc vng ng sut theo cc mu ring bit. Vic to mt
ging khoan lm thay i s phn b ng sut t trng
thi ng u lc trc khi khoan sang trng thi ng sut
phn b cc b theo cc vng khc nhau. Nhng vng c
biu th mu cng m chng t ng sut cc b khu
vc cng ln, ngc li nu vng xung quanh ging
khoan s nh nht nu c mu xanh da tri.
i vi ging khoan ngang (Hnh 6, 7), s phn b
cc vng ng sut ca z v z kh tng ng khi khoan
theo hng ng sut ngang ln nht v ng sut ngang
nh nht. Ngc li, s phn b ca r v gia 2 kiu
khoan li rt khc nhau. C th, khi khoan theo phng
ng sut ngang ln nht s to ra cc vng phn b ng
sut cc b khc nhau r rt i vi r, nhng li phn b
ng u theo phng bn knh khi khoan ngang theo
phng ng sut ngang nh nht. C th thy r gi tr
ng sut ti cc khu vc xa ging khoan gn vi gi tr ban
u ca d liu nhp vo, ngha l khoan ging khng nh
hng hoc nh hng t ti gi tr ng sut khu vc
32 DU KH - S 4/2017
ng sut ng sut z
ng sut rz ng sut z
ny. i vi th khoan ging nh hng r rt khi khoan
theo phng ng sut ngang ln nht. Nhng khi khoan
theo phng ng sut ngang nh nht th ch gy nh
hng cc b ng sut xung quanh thnh ging khoan,
cn li nh hng t.
Trng hp khoan thng ng (Hnh 8), biu r
cho thy phng ng sut ngang ln nht theo chiu t
trn xung di, c biu din bng mu th hin gi
tr ln nht trong vng thc o v phng vung gc
90o l ng sut ngang nh nht, vng ny biu din gi
tr mu xanh. i vi trng hp , khong thay i gi
tr rt ln 5 - 49MPa, trong khi i vi z th gi tr thay i
trong khong nh 25 - 36MPa. Tuy nhin, s phn b ca
2 gi tr ny ln i vi vng theo phng ng sut ngang
nh nht v nh theo phng ng sut ngang ln nht.
Cn li i vi trng ng sut ct r, rz, z c th thy
tn ti vng dng hoc m tng ng s thay i chiu
theo trc ta v xut hin vng c gi tr = 0. Trng
hp khoan tng qut (Hnh 9) cho thy nguyn tc phn
b ng sut tng t nhng xoay ph thuc vo phng
ca gc xc nh ging khoan.
Sau khi phn b li ng sut c th xc nh c khu
vc tp trung ng sut xung quanh thnh ging khoan.
 PETROVIETNAM

Nhm tc gi to thm module phn mm cho php xc

nh phn b cc gi tr dc theo phng bn knh la
chn. iu tng ng vic c nh gc trong h
ta tr a phng gn vi thnh ging khoan. Xem
xt trng hp ging khoan thng ng nh trn Hnh 8,
la chn 2 phng ct bt k v d dc theo phng ng
sut ngang nh nht v ng sut ngang ln nht, tng
ng gc = 0o v = 90o. Cc gi tr r, , z c biu
din trn Hnh 10.
Hnh 10 cho thy bn knh nh hng ti s phn b
li ng sut do vic khoan ging nm trong khong 7rw.
Ngoi phm vi nh hng ny, khoan ging khng nh
hng g ti trng ng sut ca va. Hn na c th thy
trng hp theo phng ng sut ngang nh nht gi tr
r c th tng gp 2 ln so vi trng hp khng khoan
ging.
Hnh 10. Phn b gi tr ng sut theo phng bn knh la chn,
Thng thng khi xem xt bi ton n nh thnh trng hp ging khoan thng ng
ging cn kim tra trng thi ng sut vi tiu chun ph
hy i vi cc im la chn trn thnh ging khoan.
V vy, cn xc nh c th v tr cc im c gi tr ng
sut cc b ln nht hoc nh nht ty theo trng thi
ng sut cn xt l tiu chun ph hy nn hoc ko.
Trng hp cc im trn thnh ging khoan khi khoan
ging thng ng c th thy gi tr v s thay i (Hnh
11). V tr t cc i ca ng sut tip tuyn v ng sut
dc trc u nm v tr giao gia thnh ging khoan/
phng ng sut ngang nh nht, gi tr tng ng l
49MPa v 33,1MPa. Ngc li, cc gi tr cc tiu tng
ng l 4MPa v 27,9MPa ti v tr giao ca thnh ging
khoan vi phng ng sut ngang ln nht. Kt qu ny
hon ton ph hp vi kt qu phn b trng thi ng
sut trng hp khoan ging thng ng (Hnh 8). Tuy
nhin, v tr v gi tr ca cc phn tch ny ph thuc vo
qu o ging khoan v su xem xt m c th phn
tch theo thng s u vo ph hp. Trng hp xem xt
ton b v tr trn ging khoan s c gii thiu trong bi
bo tip theo.

4. nh hng ca cc thng s ti s phn b ng sut

xc nh chnh xc s phn b ng sut ph thuc

nhiu vo thng s u vo (Bng 4). Trong thc t, vic
xc nh cc d liu nh ng sut ngang, ng sut thng
ng hay p sut va c s dng kt qu ging khoan
thm d ln cn, kt qu o a vt l ging khoan khng
th trnh khi sai lch. Ngoi ra, kt qu phn tch cng b
nh hng bi h s Poisson, h s Biot, p sut va hay s
thay i iu kin khoan nh: ng knh ging khoan, t
trng dung dch khoan Hnh 11. Phn b ng sut tip tuyn v ng sut dc trc xung quanh thnh ging khoan

DU KH - S 4/2017 33
THM D - KHAI THC DU KH
Hnh 12. nh hng bn knh ging khoan ti s phn b ng sut, trong trng hp
= 45o, rw1 = 0,3m, rw2 = 0,5m
Hnh 13. nh hng ca t trng dung dch khoan n s phn b ng sut,
trong trng hp = 45o, Pwf1 = 36MPa, Pwf2 = 50MPa
Hnh 14. nh hng ca p sut va ti s phn b ng sut trong trng hp
= 45o, Pp1 = 28MPa, Pp2 = 22,4MPa
34 DU KH - S 4/2017
Hnh 15. nh hng ca h s Biot ti s phn b ng sut trong trng hp
= 45o, 1 = 0,8 v 2 = 0,6
4.1. Bn knh ging khoan
Hnh 12 th hin s phn b ng sut trong trng
hp khoan ging khoan c ng knh 0,3m v 0,5m. S
nh hng ca bn knh khoan ti phn b ng sut s
gim dn i vi vng xa ging khoan. Trong trng hp
nghin cu ny, phm vi nh hng r rt trong khong 4
ln bn knh ging khoan.
4.2. T trng dung dch khoan
Kt qu phn tch s nh hng ca t trng dung
dch khoan n s phn b ng sut trong trng hp
= 45o, p sut dung dch khoan 36MPa v 50MPa (Hnh 13)
cho thy s thay i ca t trng dung dch khoan trong
2 trng hp ny nh hng khng ln ti r v t. S
thay i t trng dung dch khoan nh hng rt t trong
phm vi 2 ln bn knh ging khoan, ng thi khng nh
hng ti gi tr r.
4.3. p sut va
Khi thay i p sut va Pp1 = 28MPa, Pp2 = 22,4MPa
nh hng ln ti r v t nhng khng nh hng ti
r (Hnh 14). Khi p sut va gim 5,6MPa th r v t tng
4,5MPa. Kt qu ny ph hp vi h phng trnh 4, tng
ng h s Biot l 0,8. S nh hng gim p sut va dn
ti thay i r v t xem nh tnh tin ln (Hnh 14).
4.4. H s Biot
Hnh 15 th hin s nh hng ca h s Biot ti s
phn b ng sut trong trng hp 1 = 0,8 v 2 = 0,6.
H s Biot nh hng kh ln ti r v t nhng khng
nh hng ti r. V vy, cn la chn h s Biot ph hp
 PETROVIETNAM

vi thnh h ang xt c c kt qu phn tch chnh modified lade criterion. SPE Drilling & Completion. 1999;
xc. Trong nhiu trng hp, nu gi thit n thun h 14(2): p. 85 - 91.
s Biot = 1 c th dn ti kt qu phn tch khng st thc
3. A.M.AI-Ajmi, R.W.Zimmerman. Stability analysis of
t hay nhn nh sai.
vertical boreholes using the Mogi-Coulomb failure criterion.
5. Kt lun International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining
Science. 2006; 43(8): p. 1200 - 1211.
Vic ng dng l thuyt v phng trnh nghim
gii tch ca trng thi ng sut, phn b ng sut xung 4. Xiaorong Li, K.E.Gray. Wellbore stability of deviated
quanh thnh ging khoan i vi trng hp coi thnh h wells in depletion reservoir. SPE-174860-MS. SPE Annual
l n hi, ng nht, ng hng. Nhm tc gi pht Technical Conference and Exhibition, Houston, Texas, USA.
trin chng trnh tnh ton W3IPVU da trn ngn ng 28 - 30 September, 2015.
lp trnh chuyn dng chy trn h iu hnh Linux, gip 5. Junliang Yuan, Jingen Deng, Yong Luo, Shisheng
ngi dng d dng tip cn, s dng phc v cng tc Guo, Haishan Zhang, Qiang Tan, Kai Zhao, Lianbo Hu.
phn tch bi ton n nh thnh ging khoan, sinh ct The research on borehole stability in depleted reservoir and
trong qu trnh khoan v khai thc du kh. Qua phn tch caprock: using the geophysics logging data. The Scientific
trn c th rt ra mt s kt lun sau: World Journal. 2013.
- Hot ng khoan v khai thc du kh gy ra s phn 6. M.R.McLean, M.A.Addis. Wellbore stability: the effect
b li ng sut ca thnh h, s phn b li ny l khng of strength criteria on mud weight recommendations. SPE
ng u, ph thuc nhiu vo qu o ging khoan; Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, New Orlean,
- V tr t gi tr ln nht v nh nht ca ng sut USA. 23 - 26 September, 1990.
tip tuyn v ng sut dc trc trn thnh ging khoan l 7. Borivoje Pai, Nediljka Gaurina-Meimurec,
nh nhau (ging khoan thng ng); Matanovi Davorin. Wellbore instability: causes and
- Gi tr ng sut tip tuyn sau khi khoan c th consequences. The Mining Geological Petroleum
tng gp 2 ln trc khi khoan (ging khoan thng ng); Engineering Bulletin. 2007; 19(1): p. 87 - 98.

- Cc thng s u vo ca bi ton phn tch nh:
p sut va, t trng dung dch khoan, bn knh ging
khoan, h s Biot nh hng ln ti kt qu phn b
ng sut.
Tuy nhin, trong qu trnh khoan rt t khi gp thnh
h c tnh ng nht, ng hng v c tnh trm tch,
phong ha hay hot ng kin to a cht, do c s
xut hin ca cc lp yu xen k trn ton b chiu di
khoan qua thnh h. V vy, cn c phn tch y hn
cho trng hp khoan qua thnh h khng ng nht v
khng ng hng.
Li cm n
8. Fanhong Meng, Giin Fa Fuh. Reservoir depletion
effect on in situ stresses and mud weight selection. 44th U.S -
Canada Rock Mechanics Symposium and 5th U.S - Canada
Rock Mechanics Symposium, Salt Lake city, Utah. 27 - 30
June, 2010.
9. Jincai Zhang. Borehole stability analysis accounting
for anisotropies in drilling to weak bedding planes.
International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining
Sciences. 2013; 60: p. 160 - 170.
10. M.King Hubbert, David G.Willis. Mechanics of
hydraulic fracturing. Society of Petroleum Engineers. 1957;
210: p. 153 - 168.

Nghin cu ny c ti tr bi trng i hc Du 11. R.P.Steiger, P.K.Leung. Lecture: Predictions of

kh Vit Nam trong khun kh ti m s GV1703. wellbore stability in shale formations at great depth.
Ti liu tham kho
1. Phan Ngoc Trung, Nguyen The Duc, Nguyen Minh
Quy. Geomechanical stability analysis for selecting wellbore
trajectory and predicting sand production. UDC 52.47.19.
Socars Proceedings. 2010.
2. R.T.Ewy. Wellbore - Stability predictions by use of a
International Society for Rock Mechanics. 1989.
12. X.Chen, C.P.Tan, C.M.Haberfield. Guidelines for
efficient wellbore stability analysis. International Journal of
Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences. 1997; 34(3 - 4): p.
50.e1 - 50.e14.
13. S.Li, Cary C.Purdy. Maximum horizontal stress and
wellbore stability while drilling: modelling and case study.

DU KH - S 4/2017 35
THM D - KHAI THC DU KH

SPE Latin American and Caribbean Petroleum Engineering sand production. International Symposium Hanoi
Conference, Lima, Peru. 1 - 3 December, 2010. Geoengineering 2013, Vietnam. 22 - 23 November, 2010.
14. Adel Al-Ajmi. Wellbore stability analysis based on 20. Liangyang Zhang, Ping Cao, K.C.Radha.
a new true-triaxial failure criterion. Thesis, KTH Land and Evaluation of rock strength criteria for wellbore stability
Water Resources Engineering. 2006. analysis. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and
15. Bernt S.Aadnoy, Reza Looyeh. Petroleum rock Mining Sciences. 2010; 47(8): p. 1304 - 1316.
mechanics: Drilling operations and well design. Gulf
21. T Quc Dng, Phm Tr Dng, Nguyn Vn
Professional Publishing. 2011.
Thun. Xy dng m hnh a c hc ng dng trong phn
16. Mark D.Zoback. Reservoir geomechanics. tch n nh thnh ging khoan nghing Oligocence h - bn
Cambridge University Press, New York. 2007. trng Cu Long. Hi ngh Khoa hc Cng ngh ln th 14,
17. J.B.Cheatham Jr. Wellbore stability. Journal of i hc Bch Khoa Tp. H Ch Minh. 29/10 - 1/11/2015.
Petroleum Technology. 1984; 36(6); p. 889 - 896.
22. T Quc Dng, Phm Minh Khnh, H Hong
18. Erling Fjaer, R.M.Holt, A.M.Raaen, R.Risnes, Phc, Nguyn Bnh Phng. ng dng cc tiu chun ph
P.Horsrud. Petroleum related rock mechanics (2nd edition). hy trong xc nh p sut gy sp l thnh ging khoan
Elsevier Science. 2008. trong phn tch n nh thnh ging khoan. Hi ngh Khoa
19. Nguyen The Duc, Phan Ngoc Trung, Nguyen hc Cng ngh ln th 14, i hc Bch Khoa Tp. H Ch
Minh Quy. Wellbore stability analysis for predicting Minh. 29/10 - 1/11/2015.

Software development for stress state analysis around wellbore

applied in geomechanical model
Nguyen Van Hung, Trinh Quang Trung, Luong Hai Linh
Petrovietnam University
Email: hungnv@pvu.edu.vn
Summary

This paper presents the results of analysing the stress state changes during the drilling process on the basis of data assumptions and
analysis of some influential effects of input parameters on the analysis results. Based on theoretical foundations and analytical solutions
of stress state equation, named Kirsch equation, for the case of wells drilled in rock and with the assumption that the material is elas-
tic, linear and homogeneous, the authors have developed a W3IPVU calculation programme using specialised programming language
(open source, runs on Linux) which allows analysis of the changes of stress state in any well trajectory given. The reservoir applied to this
programme follows the Kirsch hypothesis. The initial results as presented in this paper show the change of the stress field while drilling,
which mostly depends on the drilling direction. The increment in tangential stress may be affected by drilling and dependent on the well
diameter.
Key words: Geomechanics, stress state, wellbore stability.

36 DU KH - S 4/2017
 PETROVIETNAM

S DNG CC THNG S TRONG PHN TCH FORAMINIFERA

NH GI S THAY I CA T HP HA THCH
V XC NH MI TRNG GING KHOAN B NAM CN SN
Cao ng Hong Yn, Nguyn Th Thu Hin, Nguyn Th Thm
Vin Du kh Vit Nam
Email: yencdh@vpi.pvn.vn
Tm tt

Khi nghin cu ha thch trng l (foraminifera), cc ch s v t l ct cn li trong mu sau khi gia cng, ch s phong ph v
a dng ca ha thch, t l trng l tri ni/bm y, s bin i ca cc nhm trng l bm y l cc thng s tin cy nh gi
s bin i ca t hp ha thch trng l, iu kin lng ng trm tch v s lin kt ca cc ging khoan. Nghin cu c thc hin
trn 129 mu vn trong khong su 1.690 - 4.535m v xc nh 165 ging loi trng l trong cc trm tch ging khoan b Nam Cn
Sn, trong c 51 loi trng l tri ni, 106 loi trng l bm y v 8 loi trng l bm y ln. Bng vic s dng cc thng s trong
phn tch ha thch trng l, nghin cu phn nh chi tit trm tch Miocene t i N5 n N18 v ch ra cc trm tch ny lng
ng trong iu kin mi trng t chuyn tip trong Miocene sm ti mi trng bin su Miocene mun. y l tin p dng
cc gii php nng cao hiu qu nghin cu sinh a tng khu vc thm lc a Vit Nam, c bit trong sinh a tng phn gii cao.
T kha: Ha thch trng l, thng s phn tch, ch s phong ph v a dng, t l trng l tri ni/bm y, cc nhm bm y, b Nam Cn Sn.

1. Gii thiu lm sng t bc tranh c mi trng lng ng. Nh vy,

Vic kt hp cc nghin cu sinh a tng vi phng
php a vt l ging khoan v a chn a tng, gip
nng cao s chnh xc v mc chi tit ha kt qu
minh gii sinh a tng. Nghin cu ha thch trng l
(foraminifera) l mt trong nhng phng php chnh s
dng trong cc nghin cu sinh a tng, nhm xc nh
tui a cht tng i, lun gii iu kin c mi trng
lng ng trm tch v lin kt a tng cc ging khoan
trong khu vc, l hay b trm tch da trn nhng t hp
ha thch c trng.
s thay i v thnh phn ca t hp ha thch trng l
l c s tin cy gip cc nh c sinh a ra nhng lun
gii chnh xc v sinh a tng ging khoan hay khu vc
nghin cu.
Trong nghin cu ny, nhm tc gi s dng cc
thng s trong phn tch ha thch trng l nh gi
s bin i ca t hp ha thch trng l theo a tng v
lun gii cc iu kin v c mi trng lng ng trm
tch ti ging khoan b Nam Cn Sn, thm lc a Vit
Nam.

Ha thch trng l xut hin rt phong ph trong 2. Phng php nghin cu

cc trm tch thuc mi trng bin, mt s t c th
c tm thy trong mi trng vng vnh hay nc l, Nghin cu ny s dng 129 mu vn trong khong
nhng tuyt i khng gp trong mi trng nc ngt. su 1.690 - 4.535m 1 ging khoan b Nam Cn Sn.
Trng l c chia thnh 2 nhm chnh: nhm trng l Cc mu c gia cng theo mt quy trnh chun s dng
bm y (benthic foraminifera) v nhm trng l tri ni cho php phn tch nh lng [1]: cn khi lng 30g/
(planktonic foraminifera). Nhm trng l tri ni c tc mu vn; ngm mu bng dung dch H2O2 trong thi
pht trin v tin ha tng i nhanh to nn cc t hp gian t nht 24 gi lm r st; ra sch st bng nc
rt c trng, l c s xc nh tui a cht tng i ct kt hp vi h thng ry lc; sau sy kh nhit
ca cc thnh to trm tch. Trong khi , nhm trng l 80 - 90oC trong 20 pht v cn khi lng mu cn
bm y thng rt nhy cm i vi cc thay i v iu li. Qu trnh nhn din ha thch trn knh hin vi Zeiss
kin mi trng sng nn c coi l cc sinh vt ch th Stereo Discovery V20 c tin hnh ngay sau giai on
mi trng rt hu ch khi phc li iu kin c mi gia cng nhm xc nh chi tit tn tt c cc ging v
trng trm tch cng nh iu kin c a l. Bn cnh loi trng l hin din trong cc mu phn tch. H thng
, t l gia trng l tri ni/bm y, mc phong phn loi theo cc tc gi Brady (1884), Cushman (1922)
ph, tnh a dng ca t hp ha thch cng gp phn [1]; Kennett v Scrinivasan [2]; c s dng cho qu trnh

Ngy nhn bi: 5/10/2016. Ngy phn bin nh gi v sa cha: 5/10 - 12/12/2016. Ngy bi bo c duyt ng: 31/3/2017.

DU KH - S 4/2017 37
THM D - KHAI THC DU KH

nhn din ny. i vi nhng loi hin din phong ph, s lng c m 2.2. T l trng l tri ni/bm y
ti a n 150 c th.
T l trng l tri ni/bm y l
Cc s liu sau khi phn tch gm khi lng mu trc v sau khi gia thng s phn nh su ca mc
cng, tn ha thch, s lng v su ca tng mu s c nhp vo nc bin v mi trng lng ng,
phn mm StrataBugs 2.1, t tnh ton cc thng s v nh gi s bin c a ra bi Grimsdale v Van
i ca t hp ha thch theo a tng v lun gii cc iu kin c mi Morkhoven (1955), th hin s thay
trng lng ng. Cc thng s ny gm: t l ct tng i, ch s mc i gia nhm trng l bm y v
a dng ha thch (Fisher alpha, Shannon-Wiener), t l trng l tri ni/ nhm trng l tri ni nhng mi
bm y, t l cc nhm bm y (v ct, v vi). Vic p dng cc thng trng trm tch khc nhau (Hnh 1). T
s trn khng ch gp phn kt lun chnh xc hn v sinh a tng, m cn l ny thay i t l thun vi su
b sung cho nghin cu a tng phn tp v lin kt cc ging khoan. mc nc bin, c th: mi trng bin
nng thm trong (khong 0 - 20%), mi
2.1. T l ct tng i
trng bin nng thm gia (dao ng
T l ct tng i c hiu l t l gia khi lng mu s dng ban t 20 - 50%), mi trng bin nng
u v khi lng mu cn li sau khi tch st v ra qua ry 63m (v ht ct thm ngoi (t 40 - 80%), mi trng
c kch thc > 62,6m), tt c u c cn sau khi sy kh. T l ny c bin su v bin thm (50 - 95%).
tnh nh sau [3]: mi trng bin thm (> 2.000m), p
lc ct nc rt ln nn cc ha thch
T l ct tng i (%) = Ms/Mb
trng l rt him (do d b ha tan) [4].
Trong :
2.3. Ch s Fishers alpha
Ms: Khi lng mu cn li sau khi ra;
Ch s Fishers alpha () c a
Mb: Khi lng mu ban u (30g).
ra ln u tin bi Fisher v nnk. (1943)
Vic tnh ton t l ct tng i nhm a ra ci nhn tng qut v mi [5]. Ch s ny th hin s tng quan
tng quan gia t l ct-st (th-mn) v tng s lng ha thch hin din gia s lng c th v s lng loi
trong mu, t gip gim bt sai s v s lng ha thch trong qu trnh trong mu nhm nh gi tnh a dng
phn tch mu. Tuy nhin, vn c mt vi trng hp c bit, v d nh mt ca t hp ha thch (Hnh 2). Thng
s mu c khi lng sau khi ra gn nh nhau, nhng c th mu ny hu thng, ch s Fishers alpha t l thun
ht l ha thch, mu cn li cha nhiu ct v t ha thch hn. Nhn chung, vi tnh a dng ca t hp ha thch.
ch s ny c tin cy tng i cao do c tnh ton trc tip t mu Ch s c tnh nh sau [5, 6]:
phn tch, tuy vy vn cn kt hp vi minh gii thch hc mc chnh
xc cao hn.

Trong :
N: S lng c th;
S: S lng loi;
: Fishers alpha.
Bn cnh , gi tr cng cho
thy mi quan h vi cc iu kin
lng ng: mi trng ra bin ch
s thp (2 - 6); mi trng thm, gi
tr thp n trung bnh (5 - 15); mi
trng bin su, gi tr cao (> 15).
Nhn chung, ch s Fishers alpha d
tnh ton, ng tin cy v c p
dng thnh cng trong nhiu nghin
Hnh 1. Phn b cc nhm trng l bm y v t l trng l tri ni theo mi trng cu ca cc tc gi nh: Kuhnt v nnk.

38 DU KH - S 4/2017
 PETROVIETNAM

(2002); Gooday v Hughes (2002); Murray v Pudsey
(2004) [3].
2.4. Ch s Shannon-Wiener H(S)
Ch s H(S) l mt trong nhng thng s nh gi
tnh a dng ca t hp ha thch, c a ra bi tc
gi Claude Shannon (1948) [8]. y l ch s th hin s
khng ng nht ca cc ha thch, trong tnh n
s lng cc loi, s phn b ca cc c th v c tnh trng t bin nng thm ngoi ti bin su. Bn cnh
nh sau [6 - 8]:
H(S)= - 1 ln
y v vi mi trng thm nc su - lnh, nhm trng
mi (miliolids) v nhm rotalids. Nhm trng l bm y
v ct chim t l kh nh v gn nh khng xut hin cc
loi thuc nhm trng l ln. T l ct tng i c gi tr
kh thp, cho thy cc thnh to ht mn chim u th v
tng i ph hp vi s phong ph v tnh a dng ca
t hp ha thch. Nhng c s trn cho php d on cc
trm tch Miocene mun c thnh to trong di mi
, thng s Fishers alpha t gi tr rt cao ( = 9 - 18)
khng nh iu kin bin nng thm ngoi ti bin su.

Trong :
pi: T l ca loi th i;
S: S lng loi.
S lng mi loi ng gp vo gi tr H(S) ph thuc
vo t l pi trong mt tp hp ha thch. Cc loi vi
t l trong khong gia nh hng n gi tr ca H(S)
nhiu nht (Hayer & Buzas), trong khi cc loi him (pi
0,01) ng gp rt t cho cc gi tr ca phng php ny
(Hnh 3). Tnh a dng ha thch da trn ch s Shannon-
Wiener nh sau: H(S) t 0 n < 1 - a dng thp; H(S) t
1 n < 2 - a dng trung bnh v H(S) > 2 - a dng cao.
Ch s H(S) s dng khi tt c cc ha thch c xc
nh tn loi v s lng c m chi tit, theo Pielou
(1966) [6].

3. nh gi s thay i ca t hp ha thch v xc
nh mi trng ging khoan b Nam Cn Sn

Da trn kt qu phn tch ha thch v tnh ton cc

thng s phn tch, s thay i ca cc t hp ha thch Hnh 2. Biu xc nh gi tr ca s a dng Fishers alpha t s lng loi v s lng
ton b c th trong mt tp hp [6]
trng l trong ging khoan b Nam Cn Sn theo chiu t
trn xung di (tr ti c) c m t nh sau:

3.1. Trm tch Miocene mun 4

Mi trng bin su

Trm tch tui Miocene mun c xc nh trong Mi trng thm

3
khong su 1.690 - 1.955m da trn s xut hin ca
cc trng l tri ni gm: Globoquadrina dehiscens ti
su 1.750m, Globorotalia merotumida v Globorotalia 2

continuosa ti su 1.780m. Mi trng vng vnh

1
Khong a tng ny c trng bi s phong ph, Mi trng m ly v ven va
tnh a dng cao (H(S) = 2,6 - 3,3) v tng i n nh
ca t hp ha thch trng l, trong chim u th l 0
0 5 10 15 20
trng l tri ni (t l trn 70%) (Hnh 4). Trng l bm y Fisher alpha
c s lng t hn, trong nhiu nht l nhm trng l
Hnh 3. Minh ha mi tng quan gia ch s Fishers alpha
bm y v vi thiu oxy, tip n l nhm trng l bm v ch s Shannon - Wiener H(S) c trng cho tng mi trng trm tch [6]

DU KH - S 4/2017 39
THM D - KHAI THC DU KH

3.2. Trm tch Miocene gia praemenardii ti su 2.055m v Globorotalia fohsi

Cc thnh to trm tch Miocene gia c ghi
nhn trong khong su 1.955 - 3.465m. T hp ha
thch nh tng c trng bao gm cc loi trng l tri
ni Globorotalia mayeri ti su 1.955m, Globorotalia
ti su 2.115m. Ngoi ra, s hin din ca t hp
trng l bm y dng ln nh Lepidocyclina martini v
Miogypsina spp. cng l minh chng b sung xc nh
tui Miocene gia.

Hnh 4. c trng ha thch v cc thng s phn tch trong Miocene mun

Hnh 5. c trng ha thch v cc thng s phn tch trong Miocene gia

40 DU KH - S 4/2017

Hnh 6. c trng ha thch tui Miocene gia v cc thng s phn tch
T hp ha thch trng l cng nh cc thng s
phn tch trong khong a tng ny c s bin i r
rt: mc phong ph, tnh a dng v su ca mi
trng thnh to c xu hng gim dn t trn xung
di (Hnh 5). Trn c s s bin i cc c trng , c
th chia trm tch Miocene gia thnh 3 khong nh sau:
- Khong su 1.955 - 2.245m: T hp ha thch
trng l c suy gim nh nhng vn th hin s phong
ph v tnh a dng kh cao (H(S) = 2,2 - 2,9). Nhm trng
l tri ni chim 55 - 75%. Trong nhm trng l bm y,
t l trng mi (miliolids) tng ng k v chim u th;
trng l bm y thiu oxy v trng l bm y thm
nc su - lnh gim dn. Trng l bm y v ct vn
khng c s gia tng ng k no, khng xut hin trng
l ln. T l ct tng i cng bt u c s tng nh.
Gi tr cc thng s Fishers alpha cao ( = 9 - 12). Nh
vy, c th khng nh rng cc trm tch khong su
ny c thnh to trong iu kin mi trng bin nng
thm ngoi.
- Khong su 2.245 - 2.715m: Ha thch trng
l c s suy gim ng k c v s lng, nhng tnh a
dng t suy gim (H(S) = 1,8 - 2,5). Nguyn nhn chnh l
do s suy gim t ngt v s lng ca nhm trng l
tri ni, dao ng mc trung bnh ti cao (30 - 70%).
PETROVIETNAM
Nhm trng l bm y bt u tng v t l, in hnh
nht l rotalids, v ct. Ngoi ra, c s xut hin v gia
tng ca nhm trng l bm y dng ln, c trng bi
cc ging trng l nh Amphistegina, Operculina trong
cc tp vi xen kp. Kt hp cc c s trn, km theo
ch s Fishers alpha dao ng 4 - 11, gi tr ph bin = 8,
cho thy iu kin trm tch tr nn nng hn khong
su ny, t bin nng thm trong ti thm gia.
- Khong su 2.715 - 3.465m: Ha thch trng
l tip tc suy gim v s lng, mc hin din km
phong ph, tnh a dng c s dao dng mnh t thp ti
cao (H(S) = 0,5 - 2,5) do nh hng ca t l ct tng cao
trong khong su ny. T hp ha thch c trng bi
u th ca nhm trng l bm y mi trng nc nng
nh rotalids, km theo s phong ph ca nhm trng l
bm y dng ln nh Lepidocyclina, Miogypsina. Ch s
Fishers alpha dao ng trong khong 0,5 - 14, gi tr ph
bin = 5 - 6. Nh vy, c th kt lun cc trm tch lng
ng trong di mi trng t bin nng trong thm n
gia thm.
3.3. Trm tch Miocene sm
Trm tch tui Miocene sm xc nh trong khong
su 3.465 - 3.885m. T hp trng l c trng cho tui
DU KH - S 4/2017 41
THM D - KHAI THC DU KH

ny gm Praeorbulina glomerosa v trng l bm y

dng ln Lepidocyclina sumatraensis.
Ha thch trng l km phong ph (t l ct
tng i kh cao), tnh a dng ca t hp ha
thch thp (H(S) = 0 - 1,7, rt t mu t gi tr > 2),
c bit ti phn di ca khong a tng ny
(Hnh 6). Nhm trng l bm y chim u th hon
ton, trong khi t l nhm trng l tri ni ch chim
khong 0 - 30%. Nhm trng l bm y c trng
cho mi trng nc nng nh rotalids, cng vi
cc loi thuc nhm trng l bm y dng ln nh
Lepidocyclina, Miogypsina. Ch s Fishers alpha dao
ng trung bnh = 0 - 5, ch c mt vi su c
gi tr cao. y l c trng ca mi trng bin nng
trong thm cho cc thnh to trm tch.

3.4. Trm tch Miocene sm hoc c hn

Khong su 3.885 - 4.535m gn nh khng

Hnh 7. c trng ha thch tui Miocene sm v cc thng s phn tch
a b
thy xut hin ha thch trng l (H(S) = 0 - 0,6), ng
thi khng ghi nhn c ha thch c ngha nh
tng. Do , trm tch trong khong su ny c
xc nh c th l tui Miocene sm hoc c hn
(Hnh 7).
Thnh phn t hp trng l ch bt gp mt vi
cc nhm trng l bm y v ct c trng cho mi
trng chuyn tip gn b gm Haplophragmoides,
Trochammina. Ngoi ra, ch s Fishers alpha rt thp

a b

c d

c d e

e f
f g h

i j k
Hnh 9. Trng l bm y ging khoan b Nam Cn Sn: (a) Eponides praecintus
g h (1.690m); (b) Gyroidina bradyi (1.780m); (c) Globocassidulinapacifica (2.045m);
Hnh 8. Trng l tri ni ging khoan b Nam Cn Sn: (a) Globorotalia plesiotumida (1.690m); (d) Sphaeroidina bulloides (2.095m); (e) Cibicides pachyderma (2.135m); (f) Boliv-
(b) Globorotalia merotumida (1.840m); (c) Globoquadrina dehiscens (1.750m); (d) Globorotalia ina subaenariensis (2.185m); (g) Uvigerina canariensis (2.145m); (h) Clavulinoides
continuosa (1810m); (e) Glorotalia mayeri (1.985m); (f) Globorotalia praemenardii (2.105m); (g) tricarinata (2.115m); (i) Ammonia maruhasii (1.690m); (j) Pseudorotalia gaimardi
Globorotalia fohsi (2.115m); (h) Praeorbulina glomerosa (3.545m) (thc t l 200m). (2.305m); (k) Nonion commune (2.115m) (thc t l 200m).

42 DU KH - S 4/2017
 PETROVIETNAM

a b

a b

c d

c d

e f

Hnh 10. Trng l bm y dng ln ging khoan b Nam Cn Sn su 2.345 - 2.475m:

(a) Amphistegina lessonii (2.345m); (b) Cycloclypeus spp. (2.345m); (c) Cycloclypeus eidae e f
(2.345m); (d) v (e) Cycloclypeus spp. (2.345m); (f) Lepidocyclina martini (2.475m) (thc Hnh 11. Trng l bm y dng ln ging khoan b Nam Cn Sn su 2.745 -
t l: 200m). 3.345m: (a) Lepidocyclina martini (2.745m); (b) Miogypsina globulina (2.745m); (c) Lepi-
docyclina angulosa (3.185m); (d) Lepidocyclina martini (3.265m); (e) Lepidocyclina spp.
(3.325m); (f) Miogypsina cushmani (3.345m) (thc t l: 200m).

( = 0 - 6) khng nh trm tch c thnh to trong iu

kin ven ra thuc mi trng chuyn tip.
a b
4. Kt lun
c

Cc thng s phn tch trong nghin cu ha thch

trng l ghi nhn c ti ging khoan b Nam Cn Sn
cho thy s bin i ca t hp ha thch theo cc phn
v a tng rt km phong ph v a dng thp trong trm
tch Miocene sm v cc trm tch c tui c hn; tng
d nh v s lng v tnh a dng phn di v gia trm
tch tui Miocene gia; tr nn rt phong ph v a dng
nc Miocene gia; sau ha thch tip tc gia tng v
n nh mc phong ph v a dng cao trong Miocene
mun.
Cc thng s ny gip xc nh chnh xc iu kin c
mi trng lng ng trm tch trong ging khoan. Trm
tch Miocene sm v cc trm tch c hn lng ng
e f
iu kin mi trng t chuyn tip ti thm trong, c
Hnh 12. Trng l bm y dng ln ging khoan b Nam Cn Sn su 3.465 - 3.565m:
trng bi u th nhm trng l bm y v ct ven ra,
(a) Lepidocyclina sumatraensis (3.465m); (b) Lepidocyclina sumatraensis (3.485m); (c) v
(d) Lepidosemicyclina droogeri (3.525m); (e) Miogypsinoides spp. (3.525m); (f) Miogyps- nhm rotalids, t l nhm trng l tri ni t, gi tr thp.
inoides spp. (3.565m) (thc t l: 200m). Trm tch Miocene gia c thnh to trong iu kin

DU KH - S 4/2017 43
THM D - KHAI THC DU KH

su hn, di mi trng t bin nng thm trong ti thm
gia, c trng bi s gia tng t l nhm trng l tri
ni, tng dn gi tr v gim dn t l nhm rotalids. Cc
trm tch Miocene mun c thnh to iu kin su
nht, di mi trng t bin nng thm ngoi ti bin
su, do t hp trng l cha nhiu nhm nc su (nhm
thiu oxy, nhm su - lnh), ng thi t l nhm trng l
tri ni v gi tr cng rt cao. Kt qu nghin cu ny
s l tin p dng cho cc ging khoan tip theo,
nhm nng cao cht lng cho cc nghin cu sinh a
tng, c bit l cc nghin cu v a tng phn tp v
a tng phn gii cao.
Ti liu tham kho
1. R.W.Jones. The challenger foraminifera. Oxford
University Press. 1994.
2. J.P.Kennett, M.S.Scrinivasan. Neogene planktonic
foraminifera: A phylogenetic atlas. Hutchinson Ross
Publishing Company. 1983.
3. Severyn Kender, Michael A.Kaminski, Robert
W.Jones. Early to middle Miocene foram from the deep-sea
Congo Fan, offshore Angola. Journal of Micropaleontology.
2008; 54(6): p. 477 - 568.
4. Robert Wynn Jones. Foraminifera and their
applications. Cambridge Uniersity Press. 2014.
5. R.A.Fisher, A.S.Corbet, C.B.Williams. The relationship
between the number of species and the number of individuals
in a random sample of an animal population. Journal of
Animal Ecology. 1943; 12(1): p. 42 - 58.
6. John W.Murray. Ecology and applications of benthic
foraminifera. Cambridge Uniersity Press. 2006.
7. Kiel. Biodiversity and biogeography of recent benthic
foraminiferal assemblage in the south-western South China
Sea (Sunda Shelf). 2001.
8. C.E.Shannon. A mathematical theory of
communication. Bell Labs Technical Journal. 1948.
9. Brian McGowran. Biostratigraphy: Microfossils and
Geological Time. Cambridge Uniersity Press. 2005.
10. Marcelle K.Boudagher-Fadel. Evolution and
geological significance of larger benthic foraminifera.
Developments in Palaeontology & Stratigraphy. 2008.

Using analysed foraminiferal parameters for evaluating the changes

of foraminiferal assemblage and determining well depositional
environment in Nam Con Son basin
Cao Dang Hoang Yen, Nguyen Thi Thu Hien, Nguyen Thi Tham
Vietnam Petroleum Institute
Email: yencdh@vpi.pvn.vn
Summary

In the foraminiferal study, the parameters of foraminifera analysis include percentage of remaining sandstone, abundance and
diversity index, planktonic/benthonic ratio and the variation of benthonic groups are useful indicators for evaluating the changes of
foraminifera, depositional environment and correlation work. A total of 129 ditch cuttings were used and processed within the depth
range of 1.690 - 4.535m. 165 genera were identified in the sediments of Nam Con Son basin, including 51 planktonic, 106 benthonic and 8
larger foraminiferal species. By using these parameters in this study, the Miocene stratigraphic range has been defined in detail, from N5
to N18, and the depositional environment is indicated from transitional condition in Early Miocene to outer neritic and upper bathyal in
Late Miocene. The study can help to improve the results of further biostratigraphy research, especially in high resolution biostratigraphy.
Key words: Foraminifera, parameters of foraminifera analysis, abundance and diversity index, planktonic/benthonic ratio, benthonic groups, Nam Con
Son basin.

44 DU KH - S 4/2017
 PETROVIETNAM

NGHIN CU CH TO H CHT TY CN DU TH V NG DNG

LM SCH NG NG DN DU TH, M BO AN TON
MI TRNG BIN
T Quang Minh1, Hong Mai Chi1, Phan Trng Hiu1
Mai Trng Tun2, Trng Anh T2, L Quang Duyn3
Nguyn Cng Thng3
1
Vin Du kh Vit Nam
2
Lin doanh Du kh Vit - Nga "Vietsovpetro"
3
i hc M - a cht H Ni
Email: minhtq.ctat@vpi.pvn.vn
Tm tt

Kt qu phn tch tnh cht cn du th trong ng ng vn chuyn du th ca Lin doanh Vit - Nga "Vietsovpetro" cho thy cn
ch yu l dng lng ng paraffin (> 44% khi lng) vi mch carbon ch yu l di n-C23 n n-C38. Trn c s , nhm tc gi
kho st, nh gi v a ra c cng thc ch to h cht ty cn du th ti u gm cc thnh phn: dung mi thc vt c la chn c
kh nng phn hy sinh hc; dung mi hu c kt hp khng c hi; hn hp cht hot ng b mt khng ion (c nhm ethylene oxide
vi n = 20 vi t l gc R bo ha v khng bo ha l 80/20). Nghin cu ng thi nh gi kh nng ty cn ca cng thc ny trn m
hnh gi lp qu trnh to cn du th trong ng ng.
T kha: H ty cn, lm sch, cn du th, ng ng dn, an ton mi trng bin.

1. Gii thiu

Cc gin c nh ca Vietsovpetro c xy dng

trc nm 2000 v kt ni bng ng ng ngm, khng
bc cch nhit. Trong khi , du khai thc m Bch H
c hm lng paraffin, nht v nhit ng c cao
[1]. Do , sau khi c vn chuyn 2 - 3km bng ng
ng khng bc cch nhit, nhit ca du s gim bng
nhit ca nc bin, gy ra hin tng lng ng
paraffin v nguy c tc nghn ng ng, dn n phi
dng khai thc. Kt qu tnh ton nhit thy lc v kho
st ng ng khi sa cha cho thy, bn trong ng
ng sau 15 - 20 nm vn hnh hnh thnh lp lng ng
keo - nha - paraffin cng vi chiu dy khong 20mm. Lng ng paraffin, RP1 - PLEM (FSO-3)

Cn bm bn trong ng ng thu gom, x l

v vn chuyn du th ch yu l cc hp cht hu c
(paraffin, asphaltene, du th lng) v hp cht v c
(FeS, CaCO3...).
Vic lm sch cn du th trong ng ng c cc
cng ty du kh thc hin nh k bng cc phng php
ch yu l ngm, bm ra bng dung mi, ha cht v
bng cng ngh phng thoi [2]. Tuy nhin, cc dung mi
v cht lm sch cn du th ang c s dng trn th
gii l cc dung mi thm nh: xylene, toluene hoc mt
s ha cht trichloroethylene, 1,1,1 -trichloroethane (TCA) Lng ng trong ng dn sau h thng Hydrocyclon ca gin cng ngh CPP-3
c hiu qu ty cn du th rt cao, song b hn ch thi Hnh 1. Lng ng paraffin trong ng ng dn du th

Ngy nhn bi: 21/4/2016. Ngy phn bin nh gi v sa cha: 22/4 - 28/6/2016. Ngy bi bo c duyt ng: 16/2/2017.

DU KH - S 4/2017 45
HA - CH BIN DU KH

[3]. Trong khi , h thng ng ng dn du kh - Xc nh hm lng nha, asphaltene bng cch s

ti Vit Nam c d xy ra h hng khi lm sch. V dng dung mi n-heptane theo tiu chun IP-143:2001. Mu
vy, cn nghin cu cc phng php ty ra cn du c phn tch ti Trung tm Ph gia Du m - Vin Ha hc
th cho ph hp vi iu kin cc ng ng t Cng nghip Vit Nam [9].
di bin kt ni gia cc gin khai thc, gin cng
- Hm lng tp cht khng tan trong mu cn du th
ngh v phao ni rt du ngoi khi Vit Nam.
c xc nh bng phng php chit s dng dung mi
Trong lnh vc nghin cu v ty ra cn du toluene theo tiu chun TCVN 9790:2013. Mu c phn tch
th v x l paraffin lng ng Vit Nam c ti Trung tm Ph gia Du m - Vin Ha hc Cng nghip Vit
mt s cng trnh cng b nh: Nghin cu ch to Nam [10].
cht ty ra x l cn du trong cc thit b tn
cha v phng tin vn chuyn ca PGS.TS. inh - Hm lng kim loi Fe trong mu cn du th c
Th Ng v cng s [4], Nghin cu ng dng cng xc nh bng phng php ph hp th nguyn t theo tiu
ngh ngn nga, c ch lng ng paraffin trong cc chun ASTM D5863:2005. Mu c phn tch ti Trung tm
ging gaslift sn lng thp bng phng php hp Ph gia Du m - Vin Ha hc Cng nghip Vit Nam [11].
ph ph gia h im ng c PPD ln b mt va
2.2. Xc nh thnh phn cn du th
ca tc gi Quang Thnh v cng s [5]. Tuy nhin,
cha c cng trnh no nghin cu ch to h cht Kt qu phn tch mu cn du th cho thy hm lng
ty cn du th cho cc ng ng dn di bin paraffin chim 44%, hm lng asphaltene chim 1,18%, cn
trc khi hy ging khai thc m bo an ton mi
trng bin. V vy, nghin cu ch to cht ty cn
du th cho ng ng dn du kh thn thin vi
mi trng bin, c kh nng phn hy sinh hc l
hng nghin cu mi, mang li li ch kinh t - x
hi v mi trng.

2. Thc nghim
2.1. Phng php

- Tin hnh ly mu cn du th trong on

ng ng b tc theo tiu chun TCVN 6777:2007
[6]. Cc mu c ly trong qu trnh sa cha v
bo dng phao rt du FSO-3, ti gin cng ngh Hnh 2. Mu cn du th trong ng ng dn du th m Bch H
trung tm 3 ca Vietsovpetro. Trn 5 mu cn du Bng 1. Thnh phn ha hc ca cn du th
th thnh 1 mu tng hp xc nh thnh phn,
Hm lng
tnh cht ca cn v s dng trong qu trnh thc TT Ch tiu Phng php
(% khi lng)
nghim. 1 Paraffin TVCN 3751:83 44,00
2 Asphaltene IP 143:2001 1,18
- Xc nh tng hm lng paraffin kt tinh 3 Tp cht v c TCVN 9790:2013 8,20
bng phng php chit s dng hn hp dung mi 4 Kim loi (Fe) ASTM D5863:2005 1,21
benzene v acetone theo Tiu chun Vit Nam TCVN
3751-83. Kt qu phn tch mu c o ti Trung uV(x100,000)
3,5 Chromatogram

tm Ph gia Du m - Vin Ha hc Cng nghip Vit

NC32
nC30

3
NC31

NC34
nC27 Squalane

Nam [7].
nC28nC29

2,5
NC33

2
NC36
NC25

- Xc nh phn b n-paraffin bng sc k kh

NC35

NC38

1,5
nC26

NC40
NC23
NC19

NC42
NC44
NC21

nhit cao vi chng trnh bm mu u ct v s

NC46
NC48
NC50
NC52
NC37

NC54
NC15
NC14
NC13

1
NC17
NC16

NC39
NC24
NC18
NC12

NC41
NC43
NC22

NC47
NC20

NC45

NC49
NC51
NC53
NC55

dng u d ion ha ngn la theo tiu chun ASTM

NC56
NC57
NC11

NC58
NC59
NC60

NC61

0,5
NC62
NC10

D5442-2003. Kt qu phn tch c o ti Trung tm 0

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 min
Phn tch Th nghim - Vin Nghin cu Khoa hc v
Thit k Du kh bin, Vietsovpetro [8]. Hnh 3. Sc k xc nh n-paraffin ca mu cn du th

46 DU KH - S 4/2017
 PETROVIETNAM

Bng 2. Phn b n-paraffin cn du th lng ng trong ng ng dn du th ti m Bch H

Mu cn du ng ng Mu cn du ng ng
n-paraffins n-paraffins
in tch Pic % khi lng in tch Pic % khi lng
n-C8 0 0 n-C36 528.916,9 2,983
n-C9 0 0 n-C37 450.668,8 2,541
n-C10 15.557,2 0,088 n-C38 360.734,3 2,034
n-C11 101.955,2 0,575 n-C39 331.867,5 1,871
n-C12 183.516,5 1,035 n-C40 285.271,4 1,609
n-C13 240.347,6 1,355 n-C41 281.398,4 1,587
n-C14 255.743,6 1,442 n-C42 245.196,5 1,383
n-C15 262.256,1 1,479 n-C43 260.118,3 1,467
n-C16 219.811,4 1,240 n-C44 233.679,8 1,318
n-C17 294.904,1 1,663 n-C45 224.367,6 1,265
n-C18 230.322,1 1,299 n-C46 196.436,4 1,108
n-C19 174.865,2 0,986 n-C47 210.143,1 1,185
n-C20 173.599,9 0,979 n-C48 178.336,0 1,006
n-C21 174.419,5 0,984 n-C49 157.890,1 0,890
n-C22 180.729,7 1,019 n-C50 153.109,6 0,863
n-C23 219.916,6 1,240 n-C51 147.331,2 0,831
n-C24 235.486,9 1,328 n-C52 136.272,3 0,768
n-C25 323.988,2 1,827 n-C53 121.412,2 0,685
n-C26 445.860,4 2,514 n-C54 100.690,8 0,568
n- C27 664.911,1 3,749 n-C55 85.930,2 0,485
n-C28 819.446,4 4,621 n-C56 64.073,5 0,361
n-C29 1.093.758,0 6,168 n-C57 54.464,7 0,307
n-C30 1.194.492,6 6,736 n-C58 37.439,1 0,211
n-C31 1.317.240,7 7,428 n-C59 23.896,2 0,135
n-C32 1.287.150,3 7,258 n-C60 16.574,1 0,093
n-C33 1.098.472,3 6,194 n-C61 7.848,5 0,044
n-C34 904.545,3 5,101 n-C62 9.045,2 0,051
n-C35 717.256,4 4,045
Tng cng 17.733.666 100,000

8 Nh vy, s phn b n-paraffin trong mu cn du th

Mu cn ng ng nm di t n-C23 n n-C38, khc vi n-paraffin ca du
7
th tp trung di rng hn t n-C8 n n-C38 (Hnh 4).
6
Mu du th ng ng
2.3. Thnh phn h cht ty cn du th
% khi lng

4 Thnh phn ch yu ca mu cn du th l paraffin

3 (chim trn 44%), asphaltene chim n 1,18% v cc
2 thnh phn v c ch yu l Fe chim trn 1%. Do vy,
1 h cht ty cn du th cn c cc thnh phn ha tan,
lm mm v ph v tinh th paraffin v asphaltene nm
0
trong cu trc kiu mng khng gian ca cn du
n-C28

n-C48
n-C43

n-C58
n-C38
n-C23

n-C53
n-C33
n-C18
n-C13
n-C8

th. ng thi, trong h cht ty cn du th phi c

Hnh 4. Phn b n-paraffin trong mu cn du th, phn tch bng sc k kh nhit cao cc dung mi sinh hc ph hp; cc cht hot ng b
mt c vai tr thm t b mt vt liu v phn tn cn
v c 8,2% v hm lng cc kim loi (ch yu l Fe)
du th thnh cc ht nh, tch cn rn v c ra khi
chim 1,21%. iu chng t cn lng ng trn ng
cn hu c ca paraffin, asphaltene H cht ty cn
ng vn chuyn du th ch yu l lng ng paraffin.
du th cn phi c cc chc nng ha tan cn v c,
xc nh tnh cht paraffin, c bit l cc n-paraffin trong
chng ti bm dnh, chng n mn, trung ha in tch
thnh phn lng ng, nhm tc gi phn tch s phn b
cc cht nh tng nc trong du ca cc thnh phn
ca n-paraffin bng phng php sc k kh nhit cao
nha
(Hnh 3 v Bng 2).

DU KH - S 4/2017 47
HA - CH BIN DU KH

Bi bo trnh by kt qu nghin cu ch to h cht Bng 3. nh hng ca hm lng cht hot ng b mt - SS1 n kh nng ty cn
ty cn du th s dng trong hot ng lm sch ng Lng cn du th
TT S1 (%) S3 (%) SS1 (%)
ng dn du th bng phng php phng thoi v tp ha tan (% khi lng)
trung vo cc thnh phn paraffin, asphaltene c trong 1 78 20 2 27,22
2 77 20 3 29,78
cu trc tinh th mng ca mu cn du th. ch to
3 76 20 4 31,18
h cht ty cn du th c hot tnh cao nht, nhm tc 4 75 20 5 28,22
gi nghin cu nh hng ca cc thnh phn khc 5 74 20 6 25,95
nhau: cht hot ng b mt - SS1, dung mi sinh hc - 6 73 20 7 21,65
S1, dung mi kt hp - S3 v h cht ty cn du th c
ch to t tn VPI-WR. Trong qu trnh nghin cu, nhm
tc gi tin hnh nh gi cc thnh phn dung mi,

(% khi lng)
dung mi kt hp v cht hot ng b mt khc nhau.
Kt qu la chn l cc thnh phn chnh ca h cht ty
cn du th VPI-WR, c th nh sau:
- Dung mi sinh hc - S1
Dung mi thc vt c la chn l D-Limonene Hm lng SS1 (% khi lng)

C10H16 c 0,1% cht chng oxy ha - BHT. Dung mi sinh Hnh 5. Mi quan h gia cht hot ng b mt - SS1 v kh nng ty cn du th
hc - S1 c kh nng ha tan lm mm v ph v cc tinh
th trong cn du th. Dung mi c la chn l hn Bng 4. nh hng ca hm lng dung mi kt hp - S3 n kh nng ty cn du th
hp cc dung mi t c hi, sn c, kt hp vi cc dung Lng cn du th
TT S1 (%) S3 (%) SS1 (%)
ha tan (% khi lng)
mi sinh hc nng cao hot tnh dung mi, ha tan.
1 91 5 4 15,40
Dung mi sinh hc thng khng n nh nn cn b 2 86 10 4 22,08
sung thm cc tc nhn chng oxy ha. 3 81 15 4 26,78
4 76 20 4 31,32
- Cht hot ng b mt - SS1
5 71 25 4 22,47
Cht hot ng b mt - SS1 c tc dng gim sc 6 66 30 4 16,26
cng b mt, thm t b mt kim loi thnh ng, to nh
trong mi trng nc. Vic la chn cht hot ng b
Lng cn ha tan (% khi lng)

mt khng hoc t c hi, thn thin mi trng, an ton

vi sc khe con ngi, khng chy n v khng gy tch
t nhim mi trng bin.
Kho st nh hng ca cht hot ng b mt n
kh nng ty cn du th, cn c nh hm lng dung
mi kt hp - S3, thay i hm lng dung mi sinh hc -
S1 v cht hot ng b mt - SS1. Kt qu nghin cu vi
cc cht hot ng b mt khc nhau c a ra trong
Bng 5. Hm lng S3 (% khi lng)
Kt qu Bng 3 cho thy kh nng ha tan mu cn Hnh 6. nh hng ca dung mi kt hp - S3 v kh nng ty cn du th
du th cao nht t 31,18% khi hm lng dung mi
Bng 5. Tnh cht ha l ca h cht ty cn du th VPI-WR
sinh hc - S1 t 76% khi lng, hm lng dung mi
Phng php
kt hp - S3 t 20% v hm lng cht hot ng b TT Ch tiu Kt qu
xc nh
mt - SS1 t 4% khi lng. Hnh 5 biu hin mi quan Cht lng
1 Cm quan
h gia hm lng cht hot ng b mt - SS1 v lng vng nht
cn du th ha tan. 2 bay hi, % TVCN 7892-2008 4,95
3 T trng TVCN 3731-82 0,861
Hnh 5 cho thy, lng cn du th ha tan t ln 4 Nhit chp chy cc kn, oC TCVN 6608 53
nht l 31,18% khi hm lng cht hot ng b mt - SS1 5 nht 40oC, CSt TCVN 3171 1,25
l 4%. iu khng nh rng cht hot ng b mt - 6 n mn tm ng TCVN 2694-2007 1a

48 DU KH - S 4/2017
 PETROVIETNAM

SS1 c vai tr rt ln i vi h cht ty cn du th. Khi 2.4.2. Kho st cc yu t nh hng n kh nng ty cn

hm lng cht hot ng b mt - SS1 thp, lng cn
du th ha tan thp, khi tng hm lng cht hot ng
b mt - SS1 n 5% th lng cn du th ha tan gim
i. iu ny cho thy khi hm lng cht hot ng b
mt - SS1 t nng micelle ti hn s cho hot tnh ty
cn cao nht, nu tip tc tng hm lng cht hot ng
b mt - SS1 kh nng ty v hot tnh ty cn gim i.
- Dung mi kt hp - S3
Dung mi kt hp - S3 c tc dng h tr phn tn
v to nh ca h cht ty cn du th VPI-WR trong mi
trng nc, tng cng kh nng ty cn du th. c
bit, s c mt ca dung mi kt hp gip cho h ty cn
VPI-WR ng nht khng b phn lp v vn c.
kho st nh hng ca hm lng dung mi kt
hp - S3, gi nguyn hm lng cht hot ng b mt -
du th ca h cht ty cn du th VPI-WR
- nh hng ca t l VPI-WR/cn du th
H cht ty cn du th VPI-WR sau khi ch to c
tin hnh kho st kh nng ha tan cn du th theo cc
t l VPI-WR/cn du th tm ra t l ph hp nht. Kt
qu th nghim c trnh by trong Bng 6.
Bng 6. nh hng ca t l VPI-WR/cn du th n kh nng ty cn du th
Lng cn du th ha tan
TT T l VPI-WR/cn du th
(% khi lng)
1 5 31,20
2 7 32,75
3 10 34,13
4 13 34,47
5 15 34,73
Lng cn ha tan (% khi lng)

SS1 4%, thay i hm lng dung mi kt hp - S3 v

dung mi sinh hc - S1. Kt qu th hin trong Bng 4 v
Hnh 6.
Kt qu Bng 4 cho thy khi hm lng dung mi kt
hp - S3 l 20% khi lng, kh nng ha tan cn du th
tt nht t 31,32%.
Hnh 6 cho thy kh nng ha tan, ty cn du th
tng khi tng hm lng dung mi kt hp - S3. Dung R
mi kt hp - S3 va ha tan trong dung mi phn cc v
Hnh 7. nh hng ca t l VPI-WR/cn du th n kh nng ty cn du th
khng phn cc to ra h dung mi ng nht, nng cao
Bng 7. nh hng ca thi gian n kh nng ty cn du th
kh nng phn tn du, ha tan cc cht nha, asphaltene. ca h cht ty cn du th VPI-WR
Trong thnh phn ca dung mi kt hp - S3 c cha nhm
Thi gian khuy Lng cn du th ha tan
-OH v N nn tng kh nng ha tan ca h cht ty cn TT
(gi) (% khi lng)
du th v c vai tr nh cht xc tin b mt. Dung mi 1 1 16,26
kt hp - S3 cn ng vai tr l cht xy dng, ci thin 2 2 25,43
hot tnh ty ra, khng c hi vi mi trng, b phn hy 3 3 34,21
4 4 35,23
bi oxy khng kh. Vic tng hm lng dung mi kt hp
5 5 35,59
- S3 qu cao lm gim ng k hm lng dung mi sinh 6 6 35,87
hc - S1, do gim hot tnh ty cn v lm mm cn. V
vy, nhm tc gi la chn thnh phn chnh ca h cht
ty cn du th VPI-WR nh sau: Dung mi sinh hc - S1
76% khi lng; dung mi kt hp - S3 20% khi lng; 6

cht hot ng b mt - SS1 4% khi lng. 5

2.4. nh gi cc yu t nh hng n kh nng ty

cn du th ca h cht ty cn du th VPI-WR
2.4.1. Xc nh tnh cht ha l ca h cht ty cn du th
VPI-WR 0
, , , , , ,
Kt qu nh gi cc ch tiu ha l ca h cht ty Lng cn ha tan (% khi lng)
cn du th VPI-WR trong phng th nghim th hin Hnh 8. nh hng ca thi gian n kh nng ty cn du th
trong Bng 5. ca h cht ty cn du th VPI-WR

DU KH - S 4/2017 49
HA - CH BIN DU KH

Kt qu kho st cho thy khi t l VPI-WR/cn du gi chn t l VPI-WR/cn du th = 10 cho nghin cu

th tng t 5 ln 13, kh nng ty cn du th (tc lng
cn ha tan) ca h cht ty cn du th VPI-WR tng t
31,20% ln 34,47% khi lng (Bng 6). Nu tip tc tng
t l VPI-WR/cn du th ln 15 kh nng ty cn du th
tng khng ng k (34,73% khi lng). Do , nhm tc
Bng 8. nh hng ca nhit n kh nng ty cn
ca h cht ty cn du th VPI-WR
Nhit
TT
(oC)
1 25
2 30
3 35
4 40
5 45
6 50
Lng cn ha tan (% khi lng)
tip theo.
- nh hng ca thi gian
Thi gian s dng h cht ty cn du th VPI-WR
cng di th qu trnh ha tan, ty ra cng trit . Thi
gian ty cn du th ph thuc vo khi lng cn du
th bm trn b mt vt liu cn c lm sch. kho
st nh hng ca thi gian, h cht ty cn du th VPI-
Lng cn du th ha tan WR gi nhit n nh 26oC, tc khuy 200 vng/
(% khi lng) pht, t l VPI-WR/cn du th = 10, thay i thi gian
31,25
khuy t 1 - 6 gi. Kt qu c trnh by trong Bng 7
31,85
32,29 v Hnh 8.
35,47
Hnh 8 cho thy khi tng thi gian t 1 - 4 gi th lng
35,92
36,27 cn ha tan tng t 16,26% ln 35,23% khi lng. Tuy
nhin trong khong thi gian t 4 - 6 gi th lng cn ha
tan tng rt chm. Thi gian s dng h cht ty cn du

th VPI-WR thch hp l 4 gi.

Hnh 9. nh hng ca nhit n kh nng ty cn du th
ca h cht ty cn du th VPI-WR
Bng 9. nh hng ca tc khuy n kh nng ty cn du th
ca h cht ty cn du th VPI-WR
Tc khuy Lng cn du th ha tan
TT
(vng/pht) (% khi lng)
1 100 30,15
2 150 31,96
3 200 35,47
4 250 36,75
5 300 37,28
Lng cn ha tan (% khi lng)
- nh hng ca nhit
Khi tng nhit , kh nng ha tan cn du th tng
(Bng 8 v Hnh 9). Kt qu kho st c thc hin tc
khuy 200 vng/pht, trong thi gian 4 gi, khi lng
cn th nghim 5g, nhit c thay i t 25 - 50oC.
Trong khong nhit t 25 - 50oC, hiu qu ha tan
cn du th tng dn khi nhit tng. Khi tng nhit
t 25 - 35oC, khi lng cn du th ha tan tng khng
ng k, trung bnh tng 0,104%/1oC. Tip tc tng nhit
t 40 - 50oC th khi lng cn du th ha tan tng t
35,47% ln 36,27%, trung bnh tng l 0,08%/1oC. Nh vy
khong nhit 35 - 40oC, khi lng cn du th ha
tan tng nhiu nht t 32,29% ln 35,47%, trung bnh
tng 0,638%/1oC.
- nh hng ca tc khuy
Tc khuy nh hng n hiu qu ty cn du
th do tc ng c hc lm tng s ln tip xc ca h
cht ty cn du th VPI-WR ln b mt cn du th bng

s vng tun hon dung dch. Th nghim c thc hin

Tc khuy (vng/pht)
Hnh 10. nh hng ca tc khuy n kh nng ty cn du th
ca h cht ty cn du th VPI-WR
nhm kho st nh hng ca tc khuy n kh nng
ty cn ca h cht ty cn du th VPI-WR nhit
40oC, thi gian khuy l 4 gi, tc khuy t 100 - 300
vng/pht. Kt qu a ra trong Bng 9 v Hnh 10.
Bng 9 cho thy khi tng tc khuy th kh nng
ha tan cn du th tng ln. Tuy nhin, khi tng tc
khuy ln qu cao dung dch s c kh nng to bt
gy cn tr s tip xc pha gia h cht ty cn du th
VPI-WR v cn du th, dn n hiu qu ha tan cn

50 DU KH - S 4/2017
 PETROVIETNAM

s gim i. Theo kt qu kho st, khi tc Bng 10. nh hng ca t l VPI-WR/nc n kh nng ty cn du th
khuy tng t 100 - 250 vng/pht th kh Lng cn du th ha tan
TT T l VPI-WR/nc
nng ha tan cn du th tng ln t 30,15 - (% khi lng)
36,75%. Nu tip tc tng ln 300 vng/pht 1 100-0 31,85
2 90-10 31,13
th lng cn du th ha tan tng rt t. Do
3 80-20 30,45
vy, nhm tc gi la chn tc khuy ph 4 70-30 29,87
hp l 250 vng/pht. 5 60-40 29,26
6 50-50 28,95
- nh hng ca t l VPI-WR/nc
7 40-60 28,21
nh gi nh hng ca nc n hiu 8 30-70 24,37
9 20-80 19,56
qu ty cn du th, nhm tc gi tin hnh
10 10-90 14,95
kho st lng VPI-WR pha vo nc theo cc
t l khc nhau (Bng 10).
Ht nh Micelle
Khi tng lng nc t 10 - 60%, kh nng
ty cn du th s gim t t. Khi t l nc tng
trn 60% th kh nng ty cn du th gim rt
nhanh. iu ny cho thy vic tng t l nc
s lm gim hm lng VPI-WR, kh nng tip
xc gia phn t VPI-WR v cn du th gim,
nn kh nng ty cn gim. V vy, nhm tc gi
la chn t l VPI-WR/nc l 40/60, m bo
an ton v hiu qu kinh t.

2.5. Kho st hiu qu ty cn du th ca h

cht ty cn du th VPI-WR trong ng ng (a) (b)
Ha tan ha bng dung mi hu c Ha tan bng cc micelle
m phng
di dng nh tng
2.5.1. C ch ty cn du th Hnh 11. M t c ch ha tan ca cht ty cn du th bng vi nh tng (a) v micelle (b)

Qu trnh ty ra cn du th xy ra theo
2 c ch chnh l c ch ha tan ha (xy
ra trc) v c ch cun tri rolling up (xy ra
sau). Khi h cht ty cn du th VPI-WR tip xc
vi b mt cn du th ngay lp tc xy ra qu
trnh ha tan ha hc, cc phn t du th b
mt s b ha tan v i vo trong dung dch. Sau
, cc phn t cht hot ng b mt hp th
ln b mt cn du th, lm gim sc cng b
mt, khi ch cn mt lc tc ng c hc nh
s lm cho git du b tch ra khi b mt rn (a) Thi im u (b) Sau 240 pht
v phn tn vo mi trng nc. Sau khi tch Hnh 12. H cht ty cn du th VPI-WR ha tan cn du th nhit phng
lp du bn ngoi, h cht ty cn du th c t l VPI-WR/nc l 40/60
VPI-WR li tip xc vi lp cn du th bm bn
trong ng ng v qu trnh ty ra li tip tc
xy ra theo c ch trn.
Qu trnh ha tan ha hc cn du th
gm ha tan bng cc dung mi sinh hc [6]
v bng cc micelle ca cc cht hot ng b
Trc Sau
mt. Dung mi sinh hc - S1 c pha cng
Hnh 13. Hnh nh on ng trc v sau khi ty cn du th bng VPI-WR
dung mi kt hp - S3 c phn tn vo trong

DU KH - S 4/2017 51
HA - CH BIN DU KH
dung dch di dng nh O/W (du/nc) c to bi
cht hot ng b mt - SS1. Khi cc phn t dung mi
bn trong cc ht nh tip xc vi phn t ca cn du
th, u cng bn cht khng phn cc nn dung mi
sinh hc - S1 c th ha tan d dng cc phn t cn du
th. Cht hot ng b mt - SS1 ha tan trong nc to
ra cc micelle, u a nc ca cht hot ng b mt
s hng vo mi trng nc phn cc, u k nc
s quay vo trong cc ht dung mi sinh hc - S1. Khi
tip xc vi cc micelle, cc phn t ca cn du th s
b solvat ha vo cc micelle v xy ra qu trnh phn
tn, ha tan cc phn t ca cn du th vo mi trng
nc, nh ph v cu trc ca cn du th lng ng
trn thnh ng ng. Hiu qu ty cn du th ca cht
hot ng b mt - SS1 ln nht khi t nng micelle
ti hn. H cht ty cn du th VPI-WR c th to th vi
nh tt trong mi trng nc, gip tng din tch b
mt rt ln nh tng kh nng tip xc vi cn du th
v tng kh nng ha tan cc phn t cn du th.
Sau khi qu trnh ty cn du th kt thc, yn tnh
dung dch ty cn VPI-WR trong khong thi gian 2 - 3 gi.
Quan st cho thy cn du th sau khi tch ra s ni ln
trn mt dung dch.
2.5.2. nh gi kh nng ty cn du th ca VPI-WR trong
on ng ng m phng
Nhm tc gi tin hnh nghin cu, nh gi kh
nng ty cn du th ca h cht ty cn du th VPI-WR
trong mt on ng ng dn du th.
Qu trnh th nghim c tin hnh nh sau:
- Ct ng thnh on di khong 10cm, khi lng
m1 (g);
- To lp cn du th lng ng, m2 (g);
- Ngm vo dung dch h cht ty cn du th VPI-
WR (t l VPI-WR/nc l 40/60), n nh nhit 40oC,
thi gian th nghim l 240 pht;
- Dng th nghim, kh, cn khi lng.
Kt qu th nghim cho thy, i vi cng thc ti u
(s dng dung mi sinh hc - S1 76% khi lng, dung
mi kt hp - S3 20% khi lng, cht hot ng b mt
- SS1 4% khi lng) cho lng cn du th ha tan t
cao nht l 22,84% tng ng vi t l cht ty cn/nc
(VPI-WR/nc) l 40/60.
on ng cha cn du th lng ng trc v sau th
nghim c m phng trong Hnh 13.
52 DU KH - S 4/2017
3. Kt lun
Sau qu trnh nghin cu, nhm tc gi rt ra mt
s kt lun sau:
- Bng cc phng php phn tch ha l theo tiu
chun TCVN v ASTM, xc nh cn du th trong ng
ng dn du m Bch H c thnh phn nh sau: paraffin
chim trn 44% khi lng, asphaltene chim 1,18% khi
lng, kim loi (Fe) chim 1,21% khi lng. Kt qu ny
cho thy lng ng cn du th trong ng ng ch yu
l lng ng paraffin.
- H cht ty cn du th c ch to VPI-WR c
dng lng ng nht mu vng sng c ch to t cc
thnh phn thn thin vi mi trng vi thnh phn
gm: dung mi sinh hc - S1 chim 76% khi lng, dung
mi kt hp - S3 chim 20% khi lng, cht hot ng b
mt - SS1 chim 4% khi lng.
- tin hnh kho st cc yu t nh hng n hiu
qu ty cn du th trong phng th nghim v tm c
iu kin ty cn ph hp: hm lng 40% VPI-WR pha
trong 60% nc, t l VPI-WR/cn l 10, thi gian ty cn 4
gi, nhit 40oC v tc khuy trn l 250 vng/pht.
- xc nh c b ch tiu ha l ca h cht ty
cn du th VPI-WR ch to: bay hi 4,95%, t trng
0,861, nhit chp chy cc kn 53oC, nht ng hc
1,25CSt.
Kt qu nghin cu cho thy h cht ty cn du th
VPI-WR cn c tip tc nghin cu xc nh cc thnh
phn cn b sung lm sch cc thnh phn khc c
trong cn du th (nh nc, tp cht v c, mui),
nhm nng cao hiu qu ty cn ng ng dn du th.
Ti liu tham kho
1. Tng Cnh Sn, L nh He. Kinh nghim vn
chuyn du nhiu paraffin bng ng ng cc m du
kh ngoi khi ca Lin doanh Vit - Nga Vietsovpetro. Tp
ch Du kh. 2015; 2: trang 43 - 52.
2. Gordon K.Goldman. Chemical method of
liquefaction and dispersion of paraffin waxes, asphaltenes
and cokes derived from various sources. US Patent 6322621
B1. 2001.
3. Thomas F.DMuhala, Thomas C.Zietlow. Terpene
based cleaning composition. US Patent 5762719 A. 1998.
4. inh Th Ng. Nghin cu ch to h ty cn x
l cn du trong cc thit b tn cha v phng tin vn
chuyn. i hc Bch khoa H Ni. 2015.
 PETROVIETNAM

5. Quang Thnh, Phm Thanh i, Nguyn Khnh 9. IP 143. Determination of asphaltenes (heptane
Ton. Nghin cu ng dng cng ngh ngn nga, c ch insolubles) in crude petroleum and petroleum products.
lng ng paraffin trong cc ging gaslift sn lng thp 2001.
bng phng php hp ph ph gia h im ng c PPD
10. B Khoa hc v Cng ngh. Du th v nhin liu
ln b mt va. Tp ch Du kh. 2014; 8: trang 40 - 44.
t l - Xc nh cn bng phng php chit. Tiu chun
6. B Khoa hc v Cng ngh. Du m v cc sn Vit Nam s TCVN 9790:2013.
phm du m - Phng php ly mu th cng. Tiu chun
11. ASTM D5863. Standard test methods for
Vit Nam s TCVN 6777:2007.
determination of nickel, vanadium, iron, and sodium in
7. B Khoa hc v Cng ngh. Du m v cc sn crude oils and residual fuels by flame atomic absorption
phm du m - Phng php xc nh hm lng paraffin spectrometry. 2005.
kt tinh. Tiu chun Vit Nam s TCVN 3751:1983.
8. ASTM D5442. Standard test method for analysis of
petroleum waxes by gas chromatography. 2003.

Study on preparation of detergent system for hydrocarbon

deposits and application for cleaning pipelines to ensure marine
environmental safety
Ta Quang Minh1, Hoang Mai Chi1, Phan Trong Hieu1
Mai Trong Tuan2, Truong Anh Tu2
Le Quang Duyen3, Nguyen Cong Thang3
1
Vietnam Petroleum Institute
2
Vietsovpetro
3
Hanoi University of Mining and Geology
Email: minhtq.ctat@vpi.pvn.vn
Summary

Analytical results of hydrocarbon deposits in Vietsovpetros transport pipelines showed that the deposits mainly contained paraf-
fins (> 44% by weight) with carbon chain in the range of n-C23 to n-C38. Based on that, the authors tested, evaluated and introduced the
optimal chemical formulation of the detergent system, consisting of the following compositions: biodegradable plant solvents, non-toxic
organic co-solvent; a mixture of nonionic surfactants (ethylene oxide group with n = 20 with saturated and unsaturated R at a ratio of
80/20). The study also examined the detergency of this formula on the simulated model of hydrocarbon deposits in pipelines.
Key words: Detergent system, clean, hydrocarbon deposits, pipelines, marine environmental safety.

DU KH - S 4/2017 53
KINH T - QUN L DU KH

NH GI TC NG CA CUC CCH MNG CNG NGHIP

LN TH 4 TI NGNH CNG NGHIP DU KH
L Huyn Trang1, L Vit Trung1, on Tin Quyt1
Nguyn Hng Dip1, Phm Th Thu H2
1
Vin Du kh Vit Nam
2
Vin Kinh t v Qun l, i hc Bch khoa H Ni
Email: tranglh.emc@vpi.pvn.vn
Tm tt

Bi bo phn tch tc ng ca cuc cch mng cng nghip ln th 4 ti ngnh cng nghip du kh di gc trc tip v gin
tip. Ngnh cng nghip du kh th gii ng trc c hi ng dng tin b, thnh tu khoa hc cng ngh ca cuc cch mng ln
th 4 gim chi ph sn xut, a dng ha sn phm, sn xut sch hn, an ton v hiu qu hn. Tuy nhin, cuc cch mng cng
nghip ln th 4 cng t ra yu cu ngnh cng nghip du kh phi thay i cu trc, xy dng v hot ng ca cc ti sn, ng
thi i mt vi xu hng gia tng s dng nhin liu ti to.
T kha: Cch mng cng nghip ln th 4, cng nghip du kh.

1. M u video... tr nn thng dng ti cc quc gia pht trin.

in ton m my cng tr thnh cng ngh lu tr v
Cch mng cng nghip l cuc cch mng trong lnh
chia s chnh thc vo u nhng nm 2010. Cuc cch
vc sn xut dn n s thay i c bn cc iu kin kinh
mng cng nghip ln th 3 cho php hng triu ngi
t - x hi, vn ha v k thut. Th gii tri qua 3 cuc
thit lp thng tin o ca ring mnh, ng thi to ra
cch mng cng nghip, c trng bi c kh ha v ng
t bin trong cng ngh in n - cng ngh in 3D. Cuc
c hi nc (cch mng cng nghip ln th 1), ng c
cch mng cng nghip ln th 3 cng l s dch chuyn
in (cch mng cng nghip ln th 2), k nguyn my
xu hng s dng nhin liu v nng cao vai tr ca
tnh v t ng ha (cch mng cng nghip ln th 3).
nng lng ti to nh nng lng mt tri, gi, thy
Cuc cch mng cng nghip ln th 1 chuyn i t in, nhit, sng bin v thy triu...
sn xut th cng sang sn xut c gii, thng qua vic s
Cuc cch mng cng nghip ln th 3 to ra bc
dng ng c hi nc, nhin liu than v my mc dn
pht trin sn xut mnh m, thu hp khong cch a l,
ng bng c kh [1]. Cc ngnh cng nghip dt may v
st, cng vi s pht trin ca ng c hi nc ng vai lm thay i xu hng pht trin ngnh truyn thng v
tr trung tm trong cuc cch mng cng nghip ln th cng nghip bn l. Vic m rng quy m ca cuc cch
1. H thng giao thng, thng tin lin lc v ngn hng mng cng nghip ln th 3 cho php cc doanh nghip
cng c ci thin. va v nh pht trin, cc cng ty ton cu s iu phi v
qun l thng mi trong ton b chui gi tr.
Cuc cch mng cng nghip ln th 2 pht trin
sn xut trn c s in - c kh v chuyn sang giai on Nh cc cuc cch mng cng nghip ln th 1 - 3
t ng ha cc b trong sn xut. Thi k ny chng kin th gii t c thnh tu vt bc trong vic nng
s pht trin ca cc ngnh cng nghip thp, ha cht, cao nng sut lao ng, pht trin kinh t cng nghip,
in lc v du m Cuc cch mng cng nghip ln th thng mi dch v v gia tng cht lng cuc sng.
2 pht trin sn xut hng lot theo hng cng nghip Bng 1 th hin s tng trng kinh t th gii i vi tc
ha, ci thin cht lng cuc sng nh gia tng nng sut. ng ca 3 cuc cch mng cng nghip.

Cuc cch mng cng nghip ln th 3 l s kt Cuc cch mng cng nghip ln th 4 ang c hnh
hp ca phn mm thng minh (my tnh bn, in thnh trn nn tng ca cuc cch mng ln th 3 v c
thoi), internet v ngun nng lng ti to. Cng ngh khi xng t nc c vo nm 2012 vi m hnh cng
k thut s bng pht thay i vic lu tr th cng xng thng minh. Theo GS. Klaus Schwab, Ch tch Din
sang d liu k thut s. My rt tin t ng (ATM), n Kinh t Th gii c t chc u nm 2016 ti Thy S,
robot cng nghip, CGI trong phim nh v truyn hnh, cuc cch mng cng nghip ln th 4 bao gm cc cng
m nhc in t, cc h thng bng thng bo, tr chi ngh t ng ha hin i, trao i d liu v ch to [1].
Ngy nhn bi: 5/9/2016. Ngy phn bin nh gi v sa cha: 5/9 - 26/9/2016. Ngy bi bo c duyt ng: 12/1/2017.

54 DU KH - S 4/2017
 PETROVIETNAM

Bng 1. Tc ng ca cc cuc cch mng cng nghip ln 1 - 3 n tng trng kinh t th gii th cuc cch mng ln th 4 s l thi i sn
T l tng trng trung bnh hng nm xut hng lot sn phm n chic theo nhu
Thi k Sn xut Dn s GDP bnh qun cu ca khch hng.
(%) th gii (%) u ngi (%)
0 - 1700 0,1 0,1 0,0
ng lc chnh ca cuc cch mng cng
1700 - 2012 1,6 0,8 0,8 nghip ln th 4 l s thay i trong k vng
Cch mng cng nghip ca ngi dng (sn phm theo yu cu v
0,5 0,4 0,1
ln th 1 (1700 - 1820) giao hng theo thi gian internet), cng vi
Cch mng cng nghip
ln th 2 (1820 - 1913)
1,5 0,6 0,9 s hi t ca cc cng ngh mi nh Internet
Cch mng cng nghip kt ni vn vt (Internet of Things - IoT), robot
3,0 1,4 1,6
ln th 3 (1913 - 2012) cng tc (cng lm vi ngi), in n 3D v in
Ngun: Thomas Piketty, 2014 [2] ton m my, cng s xut hin cc m hnh
kinh doanh mi.
Cc cng ty c ang y mnh u t
cho cng ngh n u cuc cch mng
cng nghip mi. Kho st ca Strategy v
PwC vi 235 cng ty cng nghip c tr s ti
c vo thng 10/2014 cho thy cng ngh
1 2 3 4 ca cuc cch mng cng nghip ln th 4
(CN4.0) chim hn 50% s vn u t hoch
C kh ha bng ng c in K nguyn Cc h thng nh cho 5 nm ti. Ngha l tng vn u t
thy lc v sn xut my tnh v lin kt th gii
v hi nc hng lot t ng ha thc v o cho cng ngh CN4.0 ca c c th ln n
40 t Euro mi nm, t nm 2015 - 2020. Nu
Hnh 1. c trng ca cc cuc cch mng cng nghip ln th 1 - 4
cc nc chu u khc cng tip bc, tng
Bn cht ca cch mng cng nghip ln th 4 l da trn nn vn u t cho CN4.0 c th ln n 140 t
tng cng ngh s v tch hp tt c cc cng ngh thng minh ti Euro mi nm [3].
u ha quy trnh, phng thc sn xut. Nhng cng ngh ang v
s c tc ng ln nht l cng ngh in 3D, cng ngh sinh hc, cng 2.2. Ti chnh ngn hng
ngh vt liu mi, cng ngh t ng ha v ngi my (tr tu nhn
Cng ngh s ha s nh hng su rng
to). Cuc cch mng cng nghip ln th 4 s c c trng bi h
ti nhiu lnh vc khc nhau ca cuc sng
thng sn xut thc - o v vic loi b ranh gii gia cc lnh vc k
hng ngy v lm gim vai tr ca cc trung
thut s, cng nghip v sinh hc.
gian kinh t. Trong ngnh ti chnh, du n ca
2. c im ca cuc cch mng cng nghip ln th 4 cuc cch mng cng nghip ln th 4 l s
xut hin ca tin in t Bitcoin v cng ngh
2.1. Cng ngh k thut s
Blockchain. Bitcoin l loi tin t ca internet,
H thng sn xut thc - o (Cyber-Physical Systems - CPS) ln c sng to bi mt nhm ngi Nht Bn
u tin c gii thiu vo nm 2006 bi James Truchard. Trong , c gi l Satoshi Nakamoto. Khc bit ca
cc sn phm thng minh c gn cm bin bo cho my mc Bitcoin l c to ra t mt mng li kt
bit chng cn c x l nh th no, cc quy trnh s c quyn t ni cc my tnh khp th gii, hot ng da
tr trong mt h thng module phn cp. Cc thit b nhng thng vo nhng thut ton mt m cao cp di
minh lm vic thng qua mng khng dy hoc thng qua m nn tng Blockchain. Blockchain l mt chui
my. Cng ty Bombsheller (c tr s ti Seattle, Washington, M) do lin kt cc blocks (khi), mi block c nhim
Pablos Holman, mt lp trnh vin sng lp, l nh my sn xut tt v lu gi nhng giao dch (transaction) gn
b theo n t hng lp trnh hon ton u tin trn th gii. Mu nht, tng t vai tr mt quyn s ci, s k
m c nh thit k a ln mng bn trc tuyn trong vng 1 gi ton cng cng khng l ghi li tt c giao
v hng c phn phi trong vng 1 ngy. H thng c th p ng dch. Khi thng tin v transaction c ghi li
yu cu t hng ring t vi cht lng mua , may Seattle v th s khng th thay i hay xa i. S ni
giao trong vng 1 ngy vi mc gi hp l. Nu nh cuc cch mng ln ca cc nn tng cng ngh ti chnh nh
ln th 3 l cuc cch mng sn xut hng lot mt cch t ng cryptocurrency (tin in t) Bitcoin v cng

DU KH - S 4/2017 55
KINH T - QUN L DU KH
ngh Blockchain nh hnh li th gii ti chnh, gim
chi ph giao dch gia ngi vay v cho vay. Theo mt
nghin cu ca Roscongress Foundation, gi tr vn ha
th trng ca Paypal, giao dch trn NASDAQ l hn 44 t
USD, cao hn gp 2 ln gi tr ca ngn hng u t ton
cu hng u theo m hnh truyn thng, Deutsche Bank,
nh gi khong 21 t USD (2016) [4].
2.3. Sinh hc
Nhng i mi trong lnh vc sinh hc ni chung
v di truyn ni ring s l bc tin mi qua cuc cch
mng cng nghip ln th 4. Nhng nm gn y, loi
ngi v ang thnh cng trong vic gim chi ph v
d dng hn trong vic gii trnh b gen v mi y l
vic kch hot hay chnh sa gen. Hin nay, mt gen c th
c gii m trong vi gi vi chi ph khng ti 1.000USD.
Vi sc mnh ca my tnh, cc nh khoa hc khng phi
dng phng php th, sai v th li; thay vo h th
nghim cch thc m cc bin d gen gy ra nhng bnh
l c th. Sinh hc tng hp l bc tip theo, gip con
ngi ty bin c th bng cch sa li DNA. Nhng tin
b ny s khng ch tc ng su v tc th v y hc m khong thi gian 1930 - 2015. Nm 1930, sn xut du
cn v nng nghip v sn xut nhin liu sinh hc.
Trong cuc cch mng cng nghip ln th 4, tin b
cng ngh c ng dng rng ri trn mt lot cc ngnh
cng nghip, s ni tip 3 cuc cch mng cng nghip
trc, thc y k nguyn tip theo tng trng nng
sut lao ng, ng thi dn n s i mi t ph trn t trung bnh 80 triu thng/ngy.
c s cnh tranh. Ngoi vic m ra trin vng tng trng
rt ln cho nn kinh t th gii, cuc cch mng cng
nghip ln th 4 cng mang li nhng thch thc cha
tng c. Pht trin cng ngh v phng php sn xut
mi ph v trt t kinh t hin c, cc cng ty buc phi
iu chnh theo nhu cu thay i ca ngi tiu dng.
Bn cnh , cng vi s pht trin ca nn kinh t, cc
h thng thng minh mi thay th lc lng lao ng c
th lm tng t l tht nghip. Cc nh phn tch d bo
rng sn xut t ng thng minh ca c c th dn n cng nghip ln th 4 s tc ng n ngnh du kh
gim 610.000 vic lm trong trung hn. Xu hng ny s
tng theo thi gian, nh hng ca n s vt ra ngoi
lnh vc c th trong mt quc gia nht nh tip cn
ton b nn kinh t v m.
3. Nhn nh v tc ng ca cuc cch mng cng
nghip ln th 4 ti ngnh du kh
Trong cuc cch mng cng nghip ln 1, than l
ngun nguyn liu thng tr. Du c s dng ch yu l
du c voi hn l du kh. Du c voi c s dng nhiu
56 DU KH - S 4/2017
Triu thng/ngy
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020
(Ngun: EIA, 2016)
Hnh 2. Sn lng sn xut du th ton cu giai on 1930 - 2015
trong cng nghip dt may, to sp nn v n du. Ti
cuc cch mng cng nghip ln th 2, cng vi tin b
cng ngh lc du, du kh tr thnh ngun nguyn
liu khng th thiu do to ra cc sn phm sch hn v
r hn so vi du c voi. n nm 1950, du chnh thc
thay th than tr thnh nhin liu hng u trn th gii,
gn 90 nm sau khi dng du thng mi u tin c
khai thc. Trong sut th k 20, sn xut du kh tng
trng theo cp s nhn.
Hnh 2 cho thy sn xut du th ton cu trong
th ch t khong 5 triu thng/ngy, tng gp i vo
nm 1950 (10 triu thng/ngy). Tng trng sn xut
trong giai on 1950 - 1980 t 166%/nm (t mc 10
triu thng/ngy nm 1950 ln ti 60 triu thng/ngy
nm 1980). n nm 2015, sn lng du th ton cu
Cuc cch mng cng nghip ln th 4 nh hng
n ngnh du kh cc gc khc nhau. Tip ni xu
hng dch chuyn s dng nhin liu ti to trong cuc
cch mng cng nghip ln th 3, cuc cch mng cng
nghip ln th 4 l s pht trin ca cc ngun nng lng
thay th du kh. Bn cnh , theo hng tch cc, cuc
cch mng cng nghip ln th 4 s h tr cho ngnh
cng nghip du kh: cng ngh mi lm cho ngun nng
lng du m sch hn v hiu qu hn. Cuc cch mng
theo hai hng trc tip v gin tip.
3.1. Tc ng trc tip
3.1.1. i vi lnh vc tm kim, thm d, khai thc du kh
Xu th cng ngh i vi cc hot ng tm kim
thm d, khai thc v ch bin du kh s thay i nhiu
di cuc cch mng cng nghip ln th 4.
- Kho st a vt l
Cc phng php mi phi truyn thng nh phng
 PETROVIETNAM

php in ngoi bin, trng lc, t chnh xc cao, cc ha li nhun kinh t. Phn mm DOF c s dng nh
phng php t v tinh, ng dng laser l nhng cng mt phn mm qun l cc vng khai thc du kh thng
ngh mi ang c nghin cu pht trin v s c p qua h thng my tnh [5].
dng. Trong minh gii a vt l, xu th chuyn t minh
Ngoi ra, cng ngh nano trong lnh vc thm d khai
gii trong khng gian 2 chiu (2D) sang minh gii trong
thc cng mang li nhiu thnh tu trong lnh vc thm
khng gian 3 chiu (3D) v 4 thnh phn (4C), lm vic
d khai thc. Cng ngh cm bin nano, vi cc nano
trc tip vi ti liu im su chung (CDP), minh gii cc
quang hc c th xc nh c tc dng chy ca du
du hiu trc tip ca du kh (DHI), khai thc thng tin
v cc sng siu m trong ging du chnh xc. ng dng
ng lc hc khc l nhng cng ngh mi. Nhng h
cng ngh ny s cho nhng kt qu o c chnh xc, tin
thng o c, x l v minh gii ny trong tng lai c th
cy, tit kim thi gian v chi ph, tng hiu sut, to ra
kt ni vi nhau cht ch hn, cho php x l, minh gii
mt bc ci tin ln trong thm d du kh.
trong thi gian thc cng vi thu thp tn hiu trong khi
o c. 3.1.2. i vi lnh vc lc ha du
- Khai thc du kh Nhng nm gn y, vic ci tin cng ngh iu
Cc cng ty du kh ln p dng s pht trin ca khin c s tin b vi h thng iu khin d bo da
cng ngh v phng php mi. Mt s xu hng cng trn m hnh iu khin a bin to kh nng iu khin
ngh l h thng x l di bin, ging cng ngh thng trong mt chng trnh iu khin thng nht. Thit b
minh, cng ngh qun l thi gian x l, phn tch v sn iu khin c th t d bo, t iu khin, x l cc trng
xut thc. Cng ngh x l di bin su c cc hp ri lon ch khng ch c chc nng thng bo khi
cng ty du kh ln s dng tip cn cc khu vc su xy ra. M hnh iu khin a bin nh du s tin
hoc trong cc iu kin mi trng khc nghit. Nhng b trong cng ngh t ng ha ca nh my lc - ha
li th ca vic a cc thit b x l y bin l ti a du. Cng vi tin b trong thit b iu khin, h thng
ha v gia tng h s thu hi du, ko di tui th trong truyn tn hiu bng cp quang cng c ph bin s
lnh vc ny; gim s lng m sn xut cng nh cc nh dng ng thi vi cc thit b o lng hin i online
my x l trn b. c ng dng: thit b o NIR-analyser, chng trnh LP
(Liner Programme).
Theo kho st ca cc chuyn gia, chi ph k thut cho
khai thc ging nc su chim khong 40% chi ph tng Hin nay, phn ln cc nh my lc du trn th gii
th ca d n, do vy gim u t cc cng ngh u s dng phn mm LP. y l mt gii php phn
c nghin cu trong vic nng cao hiu qu tm kim, mm da trn k thut lp trnh tuyn tnh nhm ti u
khai thc trong cc cng trnh di bin. Bn cnh vic ti ha la chn sn xut t vic la chn du th c sn,
u ha quy trnh, cc cng ngh tin tin nh h thng lp k hoch sn xut v c cu sn phm cng nh ti
hon thin ging thng minh cho php khai thc du kh a margin. Nh phn mm t ng ny m cc tnh ton
t nhiu va cha t mt ging khoan, gip gim chi ph phc tp trong sn xut ca nh my lc du c th c
u t thm d khai thc ti mt din tch/khu vc c thc hin, vi d liu u vo n gin l gi du th v
nhiu tng cha hoc nhiu tng khai thc. gi sn phm sn xut. LP c p dng trong mt nh
my lc du thc hin: lp k hoch sn xut vi nhng
T gc cng ngh thng tin, s pht trin ca c s
u vo khc nhau, xc nh hot ng trong tng lai
d liu ln, c gi l big data, cho php cc ngnh
trn c s ti sn hin ti; so snh hiu sut trong qu kh
cng nghip ca cc phn khc khc nhau theo di thi
v phn b sn phm, song song vi vic ci tin m hnh
gian thc v kim sot hot ng ln nhau. Trong ngnh
hot ng hiu qu; tm kim phng thc hot ng
cng nghip du kh, c mt s sng kin nhm theo
mi mang li hiu qu cao hn (th nghim phi trn du
di thi gian thc v iu khin thit b v h thng. D
th, a dng sn phm, kch bn gi khc nhau); pht
bo ln sng cng ngh ny s nhanh chng lan rng
trin d n, nh gi hiu qu ca n v sn xut mi.
trong ngnh cng nghip du kh, h tr qun l thi gian
thc ca cc lnh vc du kh ngoi khi, cho php qun l Cng ngh qun l bo tr Predictive Maintenance
sn xut tt hn v em li hiu qu kinh t cao hn. Cc c p dng ti mt s nh my lc du trn th gii.
vng khai thc du k thut s (digital oil field - DOF) l Cc turbine gi c trang b cm bin c th gi d liu
mt xu hng trong ngnh cng nghip v c th ti a v hot ng thng qua phn mm M2M cc k s

DU KH - S 4/2017 57
KINH T - QUN L DU KH
kim sot tnh hnh. Cng ngh ny phn tch d liu, t
xut cc bin php bo tr, vi trng tm t trn
cc nguy c gy ra gin on ngoi k hoch. Predictive
Maintenance c tin cy cao, t 64 - 94%. Nh p dng
cng ngh ny, Nh my Lc du Takreer Abu Dhabi
ci thin thi gian cht khng c k hoch, gim 3 - 5%.
Ngoi ra, vi vic qun l d bo ti sn, hng tn kho ca
nh my lc du ny cng gim 10 - 20% [6].
3.1.3. i vi lnh vc dch v logistics
Theo d bo ca Cisco, h thng IoS ton cu s to ra
gi tr hn 14 nghn t USD vo nm 2022 [5]. Mt na gi
tr n t vic gia tng nng sut lao ng, pht trin dch
v logistics v gim cc chi ph sn xut. y l nhng lnh
vc m cc nh khai thc du kh cn phi ci thin. Cc
cng ty du kh ln cn phi ng dng cng ngh nh: IoS,
Big Data, in ton m my, in n 3D, cc loi xe t li. Cc
cng ty du kh hin nay cng bt u thay i cch cu
trc, xy dng v hot ng ca cc ti sn, nhng trong
di hn mi ch l bt u. Cc cng ty dch v s phi thay
i khng ch cch thc kinh doanh, cc sn phm, dch
v, khch hng, m c s cnh tranh m h phi i mt.
i vi hot ng phn phi sn phm du kh (xng,
du), cuc cch mng cng nghip ln th 4 bng n
c d bo s rt ngn knh phn phi hng ha, do
cc quyt nh x l c thc hin trc tip thng qua
h thng. Do vy, cc doanh nghip du kh cn to ra
chui gi tr cng nghip linh hot v sng to trong cc
hot ng phn phi v thng mi cc sn phm du
kh h ngun. Cng ty INPEX ti Nht Bn hin ang s
dng phn mm Experion Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA) trong phn phi LPG. SCADA c
s dng tch hp v qun l cc d liu n t hn
160 trm gim st v kim sot cng mt mng li phn
phi kh hn 1.400km tri di 9 qun v cng qun l vic
cung cp kh t cho gia nh v cc doanh nghip trong
cc khu vc ca Tokyo. Ngoi vic qun l lng kh xut,
nhp bng con chip mt cch chnh xc, h thng s t
ng tnh ton mc s dng ca tng gia nh, ngy
cn thay bnh kh ca tng h, ra quyt nh vn chuyn
tit kim v hiu qu nht [7].
Sn phm du truyn thng s ngy cng mt i v tr
quan trng do s xut hin ca cc nhin liu mi (nhin
liu sinh hc, robot thng minh, qun l qua Internet lm
gim nhu cu xng du cho vn ti). Xu hng nhu cu
gim cc sn phm t du nh xng du s tc ng n
cc doanh nghip du kh, khin h cn xem xt thay i
xu hng u t sn phm. Nhng nm tip theo c
58 DU KH - S 4/2017
nh gi l k nguyn ca nhin liu sinh hc. Ngi
dng c th t la chn tiu chun cht lng cho sn
phm mnh s dng.
3.2. Tc ng gin tip
3.2.1. Ngun lc
Khi cuc cch mng cng nghip ln th 4 din ra,
robot, t ng ha, iu khin hc pht trin dn ti
lao ng ph thng gim st, tuy nhin nhu cu i vi
ngun nhn lc c trnh chuyn mn cao s gia tng.
Do vy, u t nghin cu khoa hc cng ngh v o
to cn c coi trng. c bit vi c im ngnh cng
nghip du kh l ngnh cng nghip nng, nhiu ri ro,
i hi vn u t ln, cng ngh k thut cao v mang
tnh quc t nn vic u t nghin cu khoa hc cng
ngh ng dng trong lnh vc du kh v o to nhn lc
phc v cho thi k cch mng cng nghip ln th 4 l
mt thch thc khng nh.
3.2.2. Chuyn dch c cu chnh tr - x hi
Mi cuc cch mng cng nghip xy ra u c tc
ng su sc ti c cu chnh tr - x hi ca mi quc gia
v th gii. Nguy c gia tng xung t khu vc, an ninh
ton cu b e da, lung di c, khng b mng u c
th tc ng n ngnh cng nghip v th trng du kh.
3.3. Tc ng ca cuc cch mng cng nghip ln th 4
ti ngnh cng nghip du kh Vit Nam
Cng ging nh ngnh cng nghip du kh th gii,
ngnh cng nghip du kh Vit Nam ang ng trc
nhng c hi v thch thc ln trc cuc cch mng
cng nghip ln th 4.
Theo Chin lc pht trin ngnh Du kh Vit Nam,
cng tc tm kim thm d v khai thc du kh s c
m rng ra vng nc su, xa b nn cng ngh gin bn
chm v tu khoan s c s dng ti thm lc a Vit
Nam, khoan cc ging mc nc t 200 - 500m v
trn 500m. Cc thit b trn gin/tu khoan hay gia cc
gin v h thng cc tu dch v c th s c kt ni
theo giao thc ca IoT v c iu khin, vn hnh theo
cch thc hon ton mi.
Theo nghin cu ca Vin Du kh Vit Nam (VPI) v
ng dng cng ngh nano trong bm p cht hot ng
b mt, cc ht c kch thc nano c kh nng bn vi
nhit , mui, c tnh thm t v lm gim sc cng
b mt, v vy vi chng loi v kch thc ph hp s c
kh nng gia tng h s thu hi du khi s dng trong

bm p nc, CO2, polymer Cc ht nano c kh nng
lin kt vi cc cht hot ng b mt c bit hiu qu
vi cht hot ng b mt anion bng cc lin kt hydro
v lin kt cng ha tr lm gia tng kh nng chu nhit,
ci thin nht ca cht hot ng b mt, hon ton c
th p dng nng cao hiu sut thu hi du va ct kt
Miocene m Bch H [8].
Hin nay, hot ng phn phi sn phm xng du
Vit Nam vn da trn m hnh truyn thng (knh phn
phi di thng qua nhiu trung gian phn phi), nhng
cn chun b cho s thay i trong tng lai bng cch
tip cn cng ngh s ton cu.
Trong bi cnh cuc cch mng cng nghip ln th
4 ang din ra trn ton cu, ngnh cng nghip du kh
Vit Nam cn c chin lc n u cng ngh rt
ngn khong cch vi cc quc gia khc v c s chun b
k cng: hp tc quc t mnh m trong nghin cu pht
trin v chuyn giao cng ngh; trin khai ng dng cc
cng ngh mi; o to ngun nhn lc cht lng cao.
4. Kt lun
Cc cuc cch mng cng nghip trc y to ra
s nhy vt v nng sut lao ng v nng cao cht lng
cuc sng. Ngnh cng nghip du kh ang chu nh
hng t cuc cch mng cng nghip ln th 4, cn y
mnh nghin cu khoa hc ng dng cng ngh mi
vo sn xut cng nh cc hot ng thng mi; ng
thi o to ngun nhn lc k thut cao theo kp vi
tin trnh cng nghip ha.
Ti liu tham kho
1. Thao Lm. Nhn din cuc cch mng cng nghip
th 4. www.dantri.com.vn. 7/12/2016.
Impact of the 4th Industrial Revolution on the oil and gas industry
Summary
The paper analyses the impact of the 4th Industrial Revolution on the oil and gas industry both from a direct and indirect perspective.
The worlds oil and gas industry is having the opportunity to apply the scientific and technological advances and achievements of the
4th Industrial Revolution to reduce production costs, diversify products, and implement cleaner, safer and more effective production.
However, the 4th Industrial Revolution also requires the oil and gas industry to change the structure, construction and operation of its
assets, as well as to face with the rising propensity to use renewable fuels.
Key words: 4th Industrial Revolution, oil and gas industry.
PETROVIETNAM
2. http://piketty.pse.ens.fr.
3. Mng Thng tin Khoa hc v Cng ngh Thnh ph
H Ch Minh. http://www.cesti.gov.vn.
4. Anton Kobyakov. Challenges of the 21st century:
How the fourth industrial revolution is changing the world.
Roscongress news. 2016.
5. Gareth W Davies. Big changes are coming: its the
oil and gas industrys turn to embrace the 4th industrial
revolution. 2016.
6. Andrew C.Inkpen, Michael H.Moffett. The global oil
& gas industry: Management, strategy & finance. PennWell
Books. 2011.
7. https://www.honeywellprocess.com.
8. Nguyn Qunh Anh. Nghin cu ng dng cng
ngh Nano trong bm p cht hot ng b mt nng
cao hiu sut thu hi du va ct kt Mioxen Bch H. Vin
Du kh Vit Nam. 2015.
9. Bobby Gafur Umar. Challenges of the 4th industrial
revolution. 2016.
10. DanielOberhaus. This is what the fourth industrial
revolution looks like. 2015.
11. Leandro Basilio. How the fourth industrial
revolution can affect the oil & gas Industry?. 2016.
12. Sogeti. The fourth industrial revolution. 2014.
13. Tp on Du kh Vit Nam. Chin lc tng tc
n nm 2015 v nh hng n nm 2025.
14. Tp on Du kh Vit Nam. Chin lc khoa hc
cng ngh giai on 2016 - 2025, tm nhn n nm 2035.
Le Huyen Trang1, Le Viet Trung1, Doan Tien Quyet1
Nguyen Hong Diep1, Pham Thi Thu Ha2
1
Vietnam Petroleum Institute
2
School of Economics and Management, Hanoi University of Science and Technology
Email: tranglh.emc@vpi.pvn.vn
DU KH - S 4/2017 59
AN TON - MI TRNG DU KH

NGHIN CU, PHN TCH, NH GI MC NHIM PHNG X

TRONG HOT NG KHAI THC DU KH TI M BCH H,
THM LC A VIT NAM
Hong Anh Tun1, Trn Ngc Dng1, Hong Linh Lan1
Nguyn Tn Hoa1, L Quang Hng1, T Quang Minh1
Nguyn Khnh Ton1, Nguyn B Tin2
1
Vin Du kh Vit Nam
2
Vin Cng ngh X him
Email: tuanhanh@vpi.pvn.vn
Tm tt

Cc ngun phng x v cc thit b pht ra bc x ion ha v ang c s dng nhiu trong cng nghip khai thc du kh.
Ngoi ra, cht thi t qu trnh khai thc du kh nh bn du, cn du, nc thi, mn khoan, dung dch khoan l ngun cha
nhim phng x, gy nh hng n mi trng nu khng c pht hin v x l kp thi. Bi bo phn tch v nh gi mc
nhim phng x trong cc mu cht thi v mi trng lm vic ti m Bch H, b Cu Long, thm lc a Vit Nam.
T kha: nhim phng x, ng v phng x, phn r, bc x, cn du, nc thi khai thc, bn du, mn khoan, dung dch khoan thi, gin cng ngh
trung tm s 3, m Bch H.

1. Gii thiu - Chp hnh bng tia bc x (tia X, gamma): K thut

chp hnh bng tia bc x l mt dng kim tra khng ph hy
Cc ng v phng x trong du m v kh ph (non-destructesting) kim tra v m bo cc thit b, kt
thuc vo dy phn r ca cc ng v Uranium-238 cu, ng dn u m bo an ton, c bit l cc mi hn, khi
(238U) v Thorium-232 (232Th) xut hin trong t nhin cc thit b ny chu cc lc c hc rt mnh.
t thi nguyn thy. Cc ng v phng x ny c thi
- Cc thit b o dng ngun phng x (nuclear gauge)
gian bn r rt di v c mt khp ni trn b mt tri
t. S phn r phng x ca 238U v 232Th sn sinh ra
mt s dy ng v con, chu ca cc nguyn t khc 238
U
nhau (Hnh 1, 2 v Bng 1) [1].
Khng dch chuyn

234
Th
ra khi du

Cc trm tch c cha du m v kh t lun 234m

Pa
km theo cc cht phng x tn ti trong t nhin
234
U
(NORM) ch yu c cha [1]: Uranium (v cc sn
230
phm phn r); Thorium (v cc sn phm phn r); Th
Di chuyn
Radium (v cc sn phm phn r); 210Pb, 40K, 137Cs 226
Ra 226
Ra
cng vi nc
Bay hi, ha tan cng
Cc nhn phng x cng vi cc khong cht 222
Rn
vi kh, du, nc
222
Rn 222
Rn

tan trong tng ngm nc, sau lng ng to ra 218

Po 218
Po 218
Po
Di chuyn cng vi

cht mang cc hp

cc tp cht khc nhau. Cc tp cht ny chnh l cn

nc, du, kh qua
Di chuyn trong phn ngng

214 214 214

Pb Pb Pb
t ca du, bn du v kh

lng ng bn trong thit b khai thc v vn chuyn

214 214 214
Bi Bi Bi
thin nhin ha lng

du m (ng ng, kho cha, bnh tch); nc

cht ch

214 214 214

khai thc; mn khoan, dung dch khoan hay cc cht Po Po Po

thi khai thc khc. Cc dng tn ti ca NORM trong 210

Pb 210
Pb 210
Pb 210
Pb
cng nghip khai thc du kh c th hin trong 210 210 210 210
Bi Bi Bi Bi
Bng 2 [1].
210 210 210 210 210
Po Po Po Po Po
Trong cng tc thm d, khai thc, ch bin, vn 206 206 206 206 206
Pb Pb Pb bn Pb Pb
chuyn du kh, cc ngun bc x kn v h, cc thit
b pht bc x ion ha c s dng nhiu [1]. Hnh 1. Dy phn r Uranium-238

Ngy nhn bi: 5/9/2016. Ngy phn bin nh gi v sa cha: 5/9 - 26/9/2016. Ngy bi bo c duyt ng: 12/1/2017.

60 DU KH - S 4/2017
 PETROVIETNAM

c lp t trong cc nh my v cc thit b phc v cng trong ging du o cc tham s vt l trong ging,

nghip du kh. Mi ng h o ht nhn thng cha mt tnh cht a cht ca t xung quanh ging, s c
hoc vi ngun cht phng x, thng c dng nht l mt cc nguyn t trong ; o nhit cht lng, p
ngun 137Cs c hot khong 5GBq v c khi ti 100GBq. sut, t trng v tc dng chy, pht hin tnh trng
Cc thit b ghi o ht nhn ny thng c s dng n mn v bc cc thit b, ng ng cng nh cc
theo di v khng ch t trng cht lng chy qua cc ng khuyt tt khc, o t trng ca , xp v hm
dn du cng nh theo di v iu chnh lng cha cht lng cc ng v.
lng trong cc b cha, pht hin mt phn cch gia cc - Cc cht phng x nh du (radiotracer) l cc
cht lng c t trng khc nhau, nh b mt phn cch gia ngun bc x h, c dng theo di s di chuyn
nc, du v kh trong cc thit b tch. ca cc cht lng, kh. Trong cng nghip du kh, cht
- Cc thit b ghi o ht nhn s dng o a vt l phng x nh du c dng chuyn ha cc my
ging khoan (well logging tools). Cc thit b ny c a vo o tc dng chy, o hiu sut ca bm v turbine,
kho st nhng d thng trong s phn b cht lng
Khng di chuyn khi 232

du
Th trong dng chy. Trong khai thc ngi ta s dng cc
228 Ngm chit 228
Ra Ra ng v phng x nh du ny xc nh hng
Di chuyn cng vi
228
Ac nc 228
Ac dch chuyn ca dng du hay hng chuyn ng
228
Th 228
Th ca nc bm p trong b cha.
224 Ngm chit
Ra 224
Ra 224
Ra
220
Di chuyn cng vi nc 2. Nghin cu, nh gi mc nhim phng x
Rn 220
Rn 220
Rn
216
trong hot ng khai thc du kh Vit Nam
Po 216
Po 216
Po
212
Pb 212
Pb 212
Pb 2.1. Tiu ch la chn mu, phng php phn tch
212
Bi 212
Bi 212
Bi mu nh gi mc nhim phng x
212
Po 212
Po 212
Po
Nhm tc gi nghin cu, kho st, ly mu
208
Tl 208
Tl 208
Tl
nh gi mc nhim phng x ti khu vc b Cu
208
Pb 208
Pb bn 208
Pb
Long, thm lc a Vit Nam [2].
Hnh 2. Dy phn r Thorium-232
Bng 1. c trng c bn phn r phng x ca cc ng v phng x NORM
ng v Chu k bn r Kiu phn r Cc sn phm phn r chnh
226 222
Ra 1.600 nm Alpha Rn (kh him)
222
Rn 3,82 ngy Alpha Cc con chu sng ngn
210 210
Pb 22,3 ngy Beta Po
210 206
Po 138,4 ngy Alpha Pb (bn)
228 228
Ra 5,75 nm Beta Th
228 224
Th 1,91 nm Alpha Ra
224
Ra 3,66 ngy Alpha Cc con chu sng ngn

Bng 2. NORM trong cng nghip khai thc du kh

Dng ng v phng x Cc c tnh Tm thy
226 228 224 Cc mui sulphate Cc thit b c dng cht lng chy qua
Cn Ra Ra, Ra, Ra v con chu
v carbonate ca Ca, Sr, Ba Cc thit b hon thin ging
226 Ct, t st, paraffin, kim loi
Bn Ra Ra, 228Ra, 224Ra v con chu Cc thit b tch, b tch vng du
nng
Cc thit b sn xut kh c tip xc vi
210
Kt ta ch Pb v con chu Kt ta ch bn cht lng
Cc thit b hon thin ging
210
Mng mng Pb Pb v con chu Mng rt mng Ch bin v vn chuyn du kh
210
Mng mng Po Po Mng rt mng Cc thit b x l condensate
210
Cc phn ngng t Po Ch bin kh
222 Kh him
Kh thin nhin Ra, 210Pb, 210Po Cc h thng x l v vn chuyn kh
Cc lp ph trn b mt
226 C cha mui, th tch ln trong
Nc thi khai thc Ra, 228Ra, 224Ra v 210Pb Cc thit b khai thc
khai thc du

DU KH - S 4/2017 61
AN TON - MI TRNG DU KH

- Cn c theo c trng phn r phng x ca cc 2.2. Phn tch hot phng x trong cc mu cht thi
nguyn t phng x trong t nhin v theo nh gi khai thc
thng k ca th gii v cc ng v phng x tn ti
- Cc mu nc thi khai thc du kh c ly ti
trong khai thc du kh, nhm tc gi la chn 10 ch
gin cng ngh trung tm s 3 m Bch H vo thng
tiu sau nh gi mc nhim phng x ca cc
5/2014 [2, 3], sau c x l v phn tch cc ng v
i tng mu (nc thi khai thc, du th, bn du,
phng x trn h ph k gamma dng u d bn dn
cn du, mn khoan v dung dch khoan thi) gm: 238U,
226
Ge siu tinh khit (GEM 30P) theo Tiu chun Vit Nam
Ra, 214Pb, 214Bi, 210Pb, 232Th, 228Ac, 208Tl, 40K, 137Cs. y l
7175:2011 (ISO10703:2007) [4].
cc ch tiu nh gi c th cho mc nhim phng
x trong cc cht thi khai thc du kh. Cc ch tiu hot - Cc mu du th, mu bn du, mu cn du, mu
phng x c o theo phng php phn tch ph mn khoan, mu dung dch khoan thi u c phn
nng lng bc x gamma ca cc ng v trn thit b tch hot phng x trn h ph k gamma a knh
h ph k gamma dng u d bn dn Ge siu tinh detector Ge siu tinh khit GD 4086 ca hng Canberra, s
khit di rng, kt hp vi my tnh ci t phn mm dng phn mm ghi ph Genie-2000, chun nng lng
phn tch ph. v tnh ton bng phn mm LASOS da trn Tiu chun
Vit Nam TCVN 7175-2011 (ISO 10703: 2007) [4] v TCCS
- nh gi mc nhim phng x trong mi
13-2010 xy dng v p dng ti Vin Cng ngh X him.
trng lm vic ca hot ng khai thc du kh, nhm
tc gi la chn cc ch tiu nh gi sau: Bng 3 l v d kt qu phn tch hot phng x
ca 15 mu du th c ly ti cc ging khai thc ca
+ o phng gamma mi trng (sut liu tng
cc m Bch H, Rng, Gu Trng v C Ng Vng.
ng) ti cc v tr c tim nng gy nhim phng x
trong khai thc du kh. Phng gamma mi trng c 2.3. Phn tch mcv nhim phng x trong mi
xc nh bi thit b o trc tip sut liu bc x gamma. trng lm vic
+ o hm lng Radon (222Rn) trong mi trng
nh gi mc nhim bc x trong mi trng
khng kh ti khu vc khai thc theo phng php o trc
lm vic ti khu vc khai thc du kh, nhm tc gi la
tip bng thit b Alpha Guard.
chn cc im c th lng ng cn du, bn du, tch t
+ o hm lng Radon (222Rn) trong mi trng cc nguyn t phng x ti block cng ngh du thuc
khng kh theo phng php o th ng s dng by gin cng ngh trung tm s 3 gm: sn MZ-2 tng 4, sn
tch ly Radon. Cc by Radon c t ti hin trng MZ-1 tng 3, sn main deck tng 2 v sn cellar deck tng
trong khong thi gian 30 ngy, sau xc nh hm 1; mt s im ti gin ng ng riser; gin bm p nc,
lng Radon trong khng kh dng detector vt ht pht in PPD-30.000 v mt s phng sinh hot thuc
nhn. gin cng ngh trung tm s 3 m Bch H.
Bng 3. Hot phng x ca cc mu du th
Cc ch tiu phn tch (Bq/kg)
TT K hiu mu
K-40 Tl-208 Pb-214 Bi-214 Cs-137 Ra-226 Pb210 Ac-228 U-238 Th-232
1 DT 01 - CNV - CTK3 0,12 0,33 0,35 0,38 < 0,20 0,37 0,62 0,38 0,36 0,37
2 DT 02 - BH - CTK3 0,18 0,36 0,41 0,45 < 0,20 0,43 0,73 0,45 0,42 0,44
3 DT 03 - GT - GTC1 0,17 0,27 0,31 0,32 < 0,20 0,32 0,54 0,41 0,31 0,40
4 DT 04 - BH - BK8 0,21 0,48 0,26 0,29 < 0,20 0,28 0,47 0,53 0,27 0,52
5 DT 05 - BH - BK9-9003 0,15 0,35 0,37 0,41 < 0,20 0,39 0,66 0,47 0,38 0,46
6 DT 06 - RC5 - 507 0,24 0,23 0,27 0,32 < 0,20 0,30 0,50 0,86 0,29 0,84
7 DT 07 - RC4 - 422 0,17 0,31 0,24 0,27 < 0,20 0,26 0,43 0,35 0,25 0,34
8 DT 08 - BH - BT7 0,12 0,28 0,33 0,31 < 0,20 0,32 0,54 0,62 0,31 0,61
9 DT 09 - BH - BK14 0,16 0,17 0,21 0,24 < 0,20 0,23 0,38 0,51 0,22 0,50
10 DT 10 - BH 2004 0,14 0,25 0,24 0,28 < 0,20 0,26 0,44 0,38 0,26 0,37
11 DT 11 - BH 02 0,12 0,19 0,30 0,35 < 0,20 0,33 0,55 0,52 0,32 0,51
12 DT 12 - BH 556 0,15 0,31 0,42 0,46 < 0,20 0,44 0,75 0,45 0,43 0,44
13 DT 13 - BH 491 0,16 0,18 0,47 0,52 < 0,20 0,50 0,84 0,37 0,49 0,36
14 DT 14 - RC6 - 606 0,12 0,22 0,28 0,25 < 0,20 0,27 0,45 0,62 0,26 0,61
15 DT 15 - RCDM-2X 0,15 0,37 0,31 0,33 < 0,20 0,32 0,54 0,71 0,31 0,69

62 DU KH - S 4/2017
 Bng 4. Kt qu o phng gamma mi trng (sut liu bc x), nng Radon trong khng kh v nng Radon tch ly trong mi trng ti mt s v tr c kh nng gy nhim phng x

Sut liu bc x Nng Rn (Bq/m3), thi gian t

Nng Rn (Bq/m3)
TT V tr o mu Ngy o gamma mu 30 ngy
(Sv/gi) Nng Sai s Nng Sai s
1 MZ2-V2A1: Bnh tch 2 pha lng - kh 9/5/2014 0,06 17 4 17,34 4,16
2 MZ2-V3B: Bnh cha du 9/5/2014 0,06 25 5 32,54 5,71
3 MZ2-V3C: Bnh cha gas 9/5/2014 0,07 37 6 43,83 6,62
4 MZ2-K1B-A: Cm my nn kh gas v b 9/5/2014 0,08 46 8 57,12 7,56
5 MZ2-V16: Khu b cha ha phm 9/5/2014 0,09 38 5 51,02 7,14
6 MZ1-V2A2: Bnh tch 3 pha kh - du - nc 10/5/2014 0,09 24 5 31,61 5,62
7 MZ1-V1A: Bnh tch s b 10/5/2014 0,12 31 6 30,67 5,54
8 MZ1-K2C: Cm my nn kh thp p 11/5/2014 0,11 18 4 53,23 7,29
9 MZ1-V24: Bnh cha gas cp cho pht in 11/5/2014 0,12 41 8 47,59 6,88
10 MZ1-V22: Bnh cha gas sau my nn 11/5/2014 0,08 15 4 43,84 6,62
11 MZ1-HC1C: Cm ly tm vt vng du nc thi 11/5/2014 0,05 26 5 21,16 4,6
12 MD-F1C: H thng phin lc u vo du khai thc 12/5/2014 0,08 29 6 36,31 6,03
13 MD-V5: Bnh cha kh thi chuyn ra gin uc t b 12/5/2014 0,09 36 7 45,71 6,76
14 MD-T1C: Cm gia nhit du chuyn qua bnh tch cp 2 12/5/2014 0,12 20 4 24,09 4,91
15 MD-V14: Bnh cha condensate 12/5/2014 0,06 15 4 54,61 7,39
16 MD-F3B: Phin lc tinh trc b o lu lng du bm ra tu 12/5/2014 0,05 47 8 58,87 7,67
17 MD-P2D: Cm my bm du thp p 12/5/2014 0,08 16 3 16,21 4,03
18 MD-P1A: Cm my bm du cao p ra tu cha du 12/5/2014 0,11 19 4 20,15 4,48
19 MD-V11: Bnh sy kh gas 12/5/2014 0,06 31 6 38,49 6,21
20 CD-V12: Bnh tch nc thi 13/5/2014 0,09 44 8 34,43 5,87
21 CD-V21: Bnh cha nc thi 13/5/2014 0,05 44 7 65,34 8,08
22 PPD-SepA: Cm x l gas ca gin bm p nc 14/5/2014 0,06 21 5 28,79 5,37
23 PPD-TG01: Turbine kh my pht in TG01 14/5/2014 0,06 25 5 27,85 5,28
24 PPD-MD4: Phng my modul 4 ca gin bm p nc 14/5/2014 0,05 37 7 16,67 4,08
25 RS-SDV0108B: u vo bnh tch gin riser 14/5/2014 0,06 19 4 17,54 4,19
26 RS-SDV0106: u vo ca du gin BK14 14/5/2014 0,06 31 6 51,35 7,17
27 RS-VB71-2602: u ra kh bnh tch gin riser 14/5/2014 0,07 20 5 27,73 5,27
28 Phng n khu nh 14/5/2014 0,05 12 3 14,04 5,74
29 Phng hp ln khu nh 14/5/2014 0,04 14 3 16,48 4,05

DU KH - S 4/2017
30 Phng 2122 khu nh 14/5/2014 0,05 15 3 15,34 3,87

63
PETROVIETNAM
AN TON - MI TRNG DU KH

Bng 5. Gii hn min tr ca cc nhn phng x 2.4. nh gi mc nhim phng x trong hot ng
Cc nhn Gii hn min Cc nhn Gii hn min khai thc du kh m Bch H
phng x tr (Bq/kg) phng x tr (Bq/kg)
40 226 2.4.1. nh gi mc nhim phng x ca cc cht thi
K 10.000 Ra 10.000
208
Tl 1.000 210
Pb 10.000 khai thc du kh
214 228
Pb 1.000 Ac 10.000
214
Bi 1.000 238
U 10.000 nh gi hot phng x ca cc mu cht thi
137
Cs 10.000 232
Th 1.000 khai thc du kh c phn tch, cn cn c vo gii
hn min tr ca cc nguyn t phng x c trong cc
Bng 6. Gii hn liu chiu
vt liu phng x t nhin c quy nh theo Tiu chun
Liu gii hn Vit Nam TCVN 6870: 2001 [8] (Bng 5).
p dng cho
Nhn vin Dn thng
- 50 mSv/nm ring l - 5 mSv/nm ring l Kt qu phn tch cc mu nc thi khai thc du
Liu hiu dng - 20 mSv/nm, trung - 1 mSv/nm, trung kh, du th, bn du, cn du, mn khoan, dung dch
bnh trong 10 nm bnh trong 5 nm.
Liu tng ng nm i vi: khoan cho thy cc ch tiu phn tch u c gi tr thp
- Thy tinh th - 150mSv - 15mSv hn gi tr min tr (Bng 5). Nh vy, c th kt lun cc
- Da, tay, chn - 500mSv - 50mSv cht thi khai thc du kh Vit Nam c hot phng x
thp, m bo an ton khi thi ra mi trng.
Bng 7. Cc mc nng kh Radon trung bnh nm trong nh
Cc mc i tng p dng Quy nh 2.4.2. nh gi mc nhim phng x trong mi trng
Trng hc > 150Bq/m3 lm vic
Mc hnh ng Nh > 200Bq/m3
Nh lm vic > 300Bq/m3 - Phng gamma mi trng
Nh xy mi < 100Bq/m3
Mc khuyn co
Nh hin s dng < 200Bq/m3 Theo quy nh ti Tiu chun Vit Nam TCVN 6866:2001
Mc phn u < 60Bq/m3 [9], gii hn liu chiu bc x gamma i vi nhn vin bc
x v dn thng c quy nh nh Bng 6.
- Kt qu o phng gamma mi trng (Bng 4)
ti cc v tr c kh nng gy nhim phng x ti gin Kt qu o phng gamma mi trng ti gin cng
cng ngh trung tm s 3 m Bch H, s dng thit b ngh trung tm s 3 m Bch H (Bng 4) cho thy sut
o gamma hin trng Eberline v IdentiFinder. Thi gian liu bc x gamma mi trng trn gin cng ngh trung
tm s 3 m Bch H dao ng t 0,04 - 0,12 SV/gi
o t ngy 9/5/2014 n ngy 14/5/2014.
(tng ng 0,35 - 1,05mSv/nm). So snh vi gii hn
- Nng Radon trong khng kh ti khu vc khai liu chiu trong Bng 6, sut liu gamma mi trng trn
thc (Bng 4) c o theo phng php o tc thi s gin cng ngh trung tm s 3 m Bch H l rt thp,
dng thit b Alpha Guard Professional Radon Monitor. khng nh hng n mi trng v sc khe con ngi.
Thi gian o t ngy 9/5/2014 n ngy 14/5/2014.
- Mc nhim Radon trong mi trng lm vic
- o hm lng Radon (222Rn) trong mi trng
Tiu chun Vit Nam TCVN 7889:2008 [10] quy nh
khng kh khu vc khai thc theo phng php o tch
cc mc nng Radon (Bng 7).
ly, nhm tc gi s dng phng php t by Radon
c cha detector vt ht nhn. Ti gin cng ngh trung Theo s liu o nng Radon tc thi trong mi
tm s 3 m Bch H, nhm tc gi t 55 by thu trng lm vic ti gin cng ngh trung tm s 3 m Bch
Radon t ngy 10/5 - 9/6/2014 ti cc a im nh: sn H (Bng 4) cho thy nng Radon dao ng t 12 - 47Bq/
MZ-2 tng 4, sn MZ-1 tng 3, sn main deck tng 2 v sn m3. So snh vi gii hn v nng Radon trong Bng 7,
cellar deck tng 1 ca gin cng ngh du, gin ng ng nng Radon tc thi ti gin cng ngh trung tm s 3
riser; gin bm p nc, pht in PPD-30.000 v mt s rt thp, khng nh hng n sc khe con ngi.
phng thuc block nh ... Sau , cc detector c x Theo s liu o nng Radon tch ly trong mi
l tm thc ha hc trn h in ha chuyn dng, m trng ti gin cng ngh trung tm s 3 m Bch H (Bng
vt ht nhn v tnh ton nng Radon theo quy trnh 4) cho thy nng Radon dao ng t 14,04 - 65,34Bq/m3.
xc nh Radon trong khng kh dng detector vt ht So snh vi gii hn v nng Radon trong Bng 7, cho
nhn. Kt qu phn tch nng Radon tch ly trong mi thy nng Radon tch ly ti gin cng ngh trung tm
trng c trnh by trong Bng 4. s 3 rt thp, khng nh hng n sc khe con ngi.

64 DU KH - S 4/2017
 PETROVIETNAM

3. Kt lun 4. B Khoa hc v Cng ngh. Cht lng nc - Xc

Kt qu phn tch, nh gi s liu phn tch hot
phng x ca cc mu cht thi v mi trng lm vic
ca hot ng khai thc du kh ti m Bch H, Vit Nam
cho thy:
- Mc nhim phng x trong cc mu cht thi
khai thc du kh nh nc thi khai thc, bn du, cn du,
mn khoan, dung dch khoan v trong du th u mc
thp, an ton i vi mi trng v sc khe con ngi.
- Phng gamma mi trng trn gin khai thc du
kh thp, m bo an ton bc x i vi sc khe con
ngi.
- Mc nhim Radon trong mi trng khai thc
du kh nm trong gii hn cho php v khng nh hng
n sc khe con ngi.
Ti liu tham kho
1. International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).
Radiation protection and management of radioactive waste
in the oil and gas industry. Safety reports Series. 2003; 34.
2. B Khoa hc v Cng ngh. Cht lng nc - Ly
mu - Hng dn ly mu nc thi. Tiu chun Vit Nam
TCVN 5999-1995.
3. B Khoa hc v Cng ngh. Quy chun k thut Quc
gia v mng li quan trc v cnh bo phng x mi trng
Quc gia. Quy chun Vit Nam QCVN 10:2013/BKHCN.
nh nng hot ca cc nuclit phng x - Phng
php ph gamma phn gii cao. Tiu chun Vit Nam
TCVN 7175:2011.
5. B Khoa hc v Cng ngh. Du m v sn phm
du m - Phng php ly mu th cng. Tiu chun Vit
Nam TCVN 6777:2007.
6. B Khoa hc v Cng ngh. Cht lng nc - Ly
mu. Phn 13: Hng dn ly mu bn nc, bn nc thi
v bn lin quan. Tiu chun Vit Nam TCVN 6663-13: 2000.
7. B Khoa hc v Cng ngh. Cht lng nc - Ly
mu. Phn 15: Hng dn bo qun v x l mu bn v
trm tch. Tiu chun Vit Nam TCVN 6663-15: 2004.
8. B Khoa hc v Cng ngh. An ton bc x - Min
tr khai bo, ng k v xin giy php an ton bc x. Tiu
chun Vit Nam TCVN 6870: 2001.
9. B Khoa hc v Cng ngh. An ton bc x - Gii
hn liu i vi nhn vin bc x v dn chng. Tiu chun
Vit Nam TCVN 6866:2001.
10. B Khoa hc v Cng ngh. Nng kh Radon
trong nh - Mc quy nh v yu cu chung v phng php
o. Tiu chun Vit Nam TCVN 7889:2008.
11. B Khoa hc v Cng ngh. An ton bc x - Qun
l cht thi phng x - Phn loi cht thi phng x. Tiu
chun Vit Nam TCVN 6868:2001.

Research, analysis and evaluation of radioactive pollution levels

in oil and gas exploitation activities in Bach Ho field
Hoang Anh Tuan1, Tran Ngoc Dung1, Hoang Linh Lan1
Nguyen Tan Hoa1, Le Quang Hung1, Ta Quang Minh1
Nguyen Khanh Toan1, Nguyen Ba Tien2
1
Vietnam Petroleum Institute
2
Institute for Technology of Radioactive and Rare Elements
Email: tuanhanh@vpi.pvn.vn
Summary

Sealed radioactive sources and devices emitting ionising radiation have been used extensively in the oil and gas industry. In
addition, the waste from oil and gas production, such as oil sludge, oil residue, waste water, drill cuttings, and drilling mud, is a source
of radioactive pollution, causing serious impact on the environment if it is not detected and properly treated. The article analyses and
assesses the levels of radioactive contamination in waste samples and the working environment in Bach Ho field, Cuu Long basin on the
continental shelf of Vietnam.
Key words: Radioactive pollution, radioactive isotopes, decay, radiation, oil sludge, mining wastewater, oil residue, drilling mud, WHP-3, Bach Ho field.

DU KH - S 4/2017 65
GII THIU CNG NGH

PHNG PHP HON THIN GING PHI THY LC

Mc d phng php nt v va thy lc gip thu hi c mt lng du kh t va c gi tr ln nhng vn cn nhiu vn cn
phi gii quyt. Vic vn chuyn, tn tr v x l nc s dng ph va v chi ph my mc, nhn lc, nhin liu ch l mt vi vn
trong s . Ngoi ra, phng php nt va thy lc cn gp phi cc tr ngi nh chi ph cao, hiu sut hn ch v phi chu s
kim sot nhiu hn do nhng lo ngi v ng t nh v nhim nc. M c 16 bang khng cho php s dng phng php
nt va thy lc.
Innovative Defense (ID) LLC xy dng phng php phi thy lc mi hon thin ging v loi b c cc vn nu trn.
Phng php mi ny c th lm gim hoc loi b nhu cu nt va thy lc v chim khong 20% chi ph. Phng php nt va chn
ng hay nt va sc ang ch c cp bng sng ch.

Nt va chn ng Sng bn va nhiu ch phn on

A
Trong giai on u khai thc,
mt lng ln thuc n c a Kp/Hm kha
xung ging ti thnh h cha du
v cho pht n. Chn ng t lng
thuc n ln ny gy nt v thnh
h xung quanh l khoan nhng li
ph hy ng chng v thn ging Thit b nh v
chnh xc
khoan. H thng Shock Frack (nt
va chn ng) ca ID s dng mt
ng dng chun xc hn vi lng n 4
Kp/Hm kha
thuc n t hn rt nhiu, c a
vo thnh h cha du hoc cha
n 3
kh mt cch c chin lc v kim
sot c nh hng. H thng vn
B nh tm
chuyn km sng bn va nhiu n 2
ngn, nhiu ch khai ha trong
lng ging l mt sng kin ang on 3 n 1
ch cp bng sng ch cho php
vn chuyn khi lng thuc n
mnh hay vt liu to nng lng
khc vo su trong thnh h t l
khoan chnh. Trong khi , sng
on 2
bn va truyn thng bn ra cng
mt lc nhiu vin n c dng
thng thng t cng 1 ngn
chung. Cc vin n c ng knh
on 1 B
nh xuyn qua ng vo thnh h
lm nt v va. H thng sng
ID nhiu ch khai ha bao gm
B
mt hoc nhiu on, mi on
gm nhiu ngn c cha mt hoc
nhiu vin n nh dng to ra B nh tm
l bn c siu ln. Khi n nh
dng to ra mt l hng c ln, A
cc vin n tip theo c th c Hnh 1. Mi on ca h thng sng bn va nhiu ch bao gm nhiu ngn c cha mt hoc nhiu vin n nh dng
y thng v i su vo thnh h to ra l bn c siu ln. Ngun: Innovative Defense LLC

66 DU KH - S 4/2017

thng qua l hng c ln u tin
do vin n s 1 t mi on to ra.
Dng nng lng hnh tr rng hnh
thnh t vin n lm cho l hng
su hn v chn ng t thuc n
lan ti lm nt v thnh h vng
ln cn.
H thng sng, phng thuc n
nh dng
S pht trin v th nghim
SuperCal charge (n nh dng
to l hng c ln) cho php phng
nhng lng cht n c kim sot
di dng lu n n nh dng vo
su trong thnh h. Khi lu n n,
l hng c ln c kch thc ln hn
ng knh lu n (charge diameter
- CD) s c to ra. iu ny cho
php phng lin tip cc liu thuc
n c cng kch thc vo l hin c,
lm tng su v chn ng nt v
trn tt c cc lp theo cc hng
khc nhau. iu ny ch kh thi khi s
dng n c ln.
ng knh lu n
L hng c nh
do n nh dng
tiu chun to ra
Hnh 2. So snh l hng to ra bi cc loi n nh dng. Ngun: Innovative Defense LLC
PETROVIETNAM
Khi mt chn ng mnh - 10km/giy (3 - 6 dm/giy). S dng
truyn xuyn qua thnh h vi vn nguyn l ny, thit k n SuperCal
tc m thanh s lm nt v cc vi phn tn nng lng vo mt vi
cu trc ngn cch cc l rng cha phun ko di hnh tr rng to ra
du hoc kh, lm tng rng v mt l hng c ln.
to ra dng chy ti ging khoan. Qu trnh mt dng nng
n bn va tiu chun ch to ra lng nh dng thm nhp su
mt l hng c kch thc khong vo thnh to cha du kh l nh
15% ng knh ca n trong ng s xi mn v cng nhanh chng
chng v gim dn kch thc trong vt cht ca thnh to . p sut
thnh h. C th bn lin tc n do vi phun tc ng vo mc tiu
SuperCal hay n tiu chun bng l khong 6 triu psi v cha c loi
h thng sng bn va nhiu ch vt cht no c th chng li s xm
m t trn. nhp di p lc mnh nh vy.
n nh dng Phng php vn hnh h thng
n nh dng s dng cht n H thng sng bn va nhiu ch
mnh ph hy mt ng lt hnh np cht n phn on c a
nn rng lm bng kim loi dng xung l khoan n v tr lin quan
bt, trong trng hp s dng cho bng dy cp hoc ng; trong tng
ging du. S tp trung nng lng lai c th t ng. H thng sng sau
n ph hy ng lt trn trc dc ca c nh v vo tm ging khoan
chp (hiu ng Munroe) to ra dng v thit b nh v chnh xc c
nng lng ko di (thng gi l kha trong thn ging. Vin n s
vi phun) c vn tc trong khong 5 1 t mi khu sng phn on c
ng knh lu n
L hng c siu ln do n nh dng
ca ID to ra
DU KH - S 4/2017 67
GII THIU CNG NGH
bn i, to ra l hng c ln u tin
trong ng chng v thnh h. Sau
sng c h xung bng thit
b nh v chnh xc vin n hoc
lot n th 2 c thng hng vi
l hng c ln ban u. Ti v tr ny,
vin s 2 t mi on c th c
phng tng su h ban u
v to ra khong cch ln hn t
ng chng, hoc n c y vo
h ban u v cho n lm tng
68 DU KH - S 4/2017
Hnh 3. Cc loi n nh dng do ID ch to. Ngun: Innovative Defense LLC
chiu su ca l hng cng nh gy nt va SuperCal c th tip cn tr
chn ng nt v thnh h vng lng ny. K t khi gi du gim
ln cn. Qu trnh ny c lp i lp xung mc thp v d bo phc hi
li cho n khi cc vin n c s chm, vic tm kim mt phng
dng ht. php/cng ngh khai thc du kh
t tn km hn c ngha rt ln.
Hin M c hng nghn ging b Phng php ph v va bng chn
hoang, trong c ging vn cn ng gip ct gim phn ln chi ph
n 80% tr lng v khng th thu kch cc ging mi v phc hi cc
hi c bng cch s dng cng ging c.
Hng Ngc (theo E&P Magazine)
ngh nt va thy lc. H thng

Th tng trao bng khen cho sn phm phn bn N46.PLUS
Th tng Chnh ph trao bng khen cho i din Top 10 sn phm T ho tr tu lao ng Vit Nam. nh: PVN
N gy 22/4/2017, ti chng
trnh gp g cng nhn
vng kinh t trng im min Trung,
Th tng Chnh ph trao Bng
khen cho Top 10 sn phm T ho
tr tu lao ng Vit Nam, trong
c sn phm phn bn N46.PLUS ca
Cng ty CP Phn bn Du kh C Mau
(PVCFC). y l loi phn bn duy
Tp on Du kh Vit Nam lm vic
vi cc i tc Lin bang Nga
N gy 19/4/2017, ti Lin
bang Nga, Tng gim
c Tp on Du kh Vit Nam
Nguyn V Trng Sn lm
vic vi ng Alexey Miller - Ch
tch iu hnh Gazprom. Lnh
o hai bn khng nh quyt
tm cng c v pht trin quan
h hp tc truyn thng v hiu
qu trong lnh vc du kh, y
mnh hp tc i vi cc d n
hin c, ng thi xut v
nghin cu cc gii php nhm
gii quyt kh khn v nng cao
hiu qu cho d n ca Cng ty
Lin doanh Gazpromviet.
Trong chuyn cng tc ti
Lin bang Nga, Tng gim c
TIN TRONG NGNH
ln xung theo phng thng ng
nht ti Vit Nam c ph lp Agrho
N Dual protect gm NBPT (N-(n-
butyl) thiophosphride triamdie) v
DCD (Dicyandiamide) gip bo v
m kp/bo v m 2 ln cng
ngh chu u ca Tp on Solvay
(B). N46.PLUS gip tng hiu qu s
dng m, tit kim 20 - 30% lng
phn bn, gip l xanh bn, cy sinh
Tp on Du kh Vit Nam
Nguyn V Trng Sn lm
vic vi ng Sergey I.Kudryashov
- Tng gim c Zarubezhneft
thc y trin khai cc d n hp
tc gia hai bn.
Nhn dp ny, on cng
tc ca Tp on Du kh Vit
Nam lm vic vi ng Roman
Philippov - Tng gim c nh
thu Power Machines v cc gii
php nhm m bo tin
trin khai D n Nh my Nhit
in Long Ph 1 theo ng tin
ca Hp ng EPC.
Hong Anh
PETROVIETNAM
trng, pht trin mnh, tng nng
sut cy trng 5 - 10%.
Ngoi ra, sn phm Thit k v
ch to h thng casing stabbing
board trn gin PV Drilling III ca
Tng cng ty CP Khoan v Dch v
khoan Du kh (PV Drilling) cng
c vinh danh sn phm T ho tr
tu lao ng Vit Nam. H thng ny
h tr cng tc ko th ng chng
trong qu trnh khoan cc ging thm
d, khai thc trn gin PV Drilling III.
Mt sn cng tc c th di chuyn
cng chiu dch chuyn ca ng
c treo vn nng (TDS system), s di
chuyn ln xung ca sn cng tc
c iu khin bi b iu khin
gn vi h thng ti hi (air winch)
pha trn, cho php ngi iu khin
c th iu chnh chnh xc v tr lm
vic vi thao tc n gin.
Bi H
CP GIY CHNG NHN U T D N
NG NG DN KH L B - MN
Ngy 20/4/2017, B K hoch v u t
cp giy chng nhn u t cho D n ng
ng dn kh L B - Mn vi tng vn u t 1,27
t USD. D n do Tp on Du kh Vit Nam/
Tng cng ty Kh Vit Nam - CTCP (PV GAS)/MO-
ECO (Nht Bn) v PTTEP (Thi Lan) lm ch u
t theo hnh thc hp doanh.
Tng chiu di tuyn ng l 431km c cng
sut thit k 20,3 triu m3. Trong , tuyn ng
bin c chiu di khong 295km, ng knh
28inch vn chuyn kh t L B n Trm tip b
ti An Minh/Kin Giang; ng nhnh 37km ng
knh 18inch ni t KP209 v Trm tip b Mi Trm
cp b kh cho ng ng PM3 - C Mau; tuyn
ng trn b c chiu di khong 102km, ng
knh 30inch chy qua tnh Kin Giang v Cn Th
cung cp kh cho cc nh my in ti Trung
tm in lc Kin Giang v Trung tm in lc
Mn ti Cn Th. Dc theo tuyn ng s c Trm
tip b, Trm van ngt tuyn, Trm phn phi kh
Kin Giang (GDS) v Trung tm phn phi kh
Mn (GDC). ng ng dn kh L B - Mn d
kin s c a vo vn hnh t Qu II/2020.
Hng Minh
DU KH - S 4/2017 69
TIN TC - S KIN

Pht trin cng ngh pht in hiu sut cao t pht thi
trong s dng than nh cng ngh t than phi trn, k
thut pht in hiu sut cao v pht thi thp, cc cng
ngh mi trng cng nh kinh nghim v vn hnh, bo
dng nh my nhit in, x l tro x
Theo ng Noboru Aoki - Gim c mi trng ca T
chc Pht trin Cng ngh Cng nghip v Nng lng
mi ca Nht Bn (NEDO), Nht Bn nghin cu pht
trin cc cng ngh hin i p ng c cc yu cu
v hiu sut cao, gim kh thi, bo v mi trng trong
c cng ngh than sch.
Nh my Nhit in Vng ng 1. nh: PVN
Hi tho tp trung tho lun v cc chnh sch lin

N gy 25/4/2017, ti H Ni, Tng cc Nng lng

- B Cng Thng phi hp vi Trung tm Nng
lng than Nht Bn (JCOAL) t chc i thoi chnh sch
than v Hi tho cng ngh than sch, cng ngh pht
in hiu sut cao t pht thi (HELE) trong khun kh hp
tc song phng Vit Nam - Nht Bn nm 2017.
Ph Tng cc trng Tng cc Nng lng Phng
Hong Kim cho bit, Nht Bn ang tch cc h tr Vit
Nam nghin cu v ng dng cc cng ngh tin tin
quan n in than, cp nht tin thc hin Quy hoch
pht trin in lc quc gia giai on 2011 - 2020 c xt
n nm 2030 (Quy hoch in VII iu chnh). Cc chuyn
gia Nht Bn gii thiu cng ngh pht in hiu sut
cao trn siu ti hn (USC); kinh nghim vn hnh v bo
dng cc nh my nhit in t than; k thut x l,
s dng hu ch tro x than t cc nh my nhit in; k
thut o c, gim st mi trng; thng mi than, x l
than nhp khu... Thy Hng

2007 - 2017: PVEP c 64 sng kin v gii php k thut

N gy 21/4/2017, Tng cng ty Thm d Khai thc
Du kh (PVEP) t chc Hi ngh Khoa hc cng
ngh ln th I nm 2017, nhm tng kt hot ng sng
kin trong giai on 2007 - 2017. Trong 10 nm qua, PVEP
c 64 sng kin v gii php k thut, gi tr lm li c
tnh gn 900 triu USD. Cc sng kin v gii php k thut
ca PVEP bao qut cc lnh vc hot ng nh: cng ngh
khai thc, pht trin m, khoan, thit k thi cng, phn
mm tng hp, iu hnh sn xut, qun l, an ton sc
khe mi trng c cc d n trong v ngoi nc.
Trong , c nhiu sng kin mang li gi tr kinh t cao M Hi S en/Hi S Trng c kt ni vi vi m T Gic Trng. nh: PVEP
nh: Phng php kt ni m ti n pht trin m Hi thn sng to, trn trng t tng n gin nht hot
S en/Hi S Trng vi T Gic Trng; Ci hon h thng ng khoa hc cng ngh v sng kin sng ch thc s
x l nc gin DH-01 nhm gim thi gian nung du trn tr thnh ng lc quan trng cho s pht trin bn vng
FSO; Xy dng m hnh rng kp m phng khai thc ca PVEP.
du trong i tng mng nt n m C Ng Vng
TS. Nguyn Qunh Lm - Ph Tng gim c Tp on
Tng gim c PVEP Ng Hu Hi cho bit Tng cng Du kh Vit Nam, Ch tch HTV PVEP yu cu PVEP tip
ty s to iu kin cho cn b tr tham gia nghin cu tc i mi t duy, mnh dn c nhng xut mi,
khoa hc; nu cao tinh thn trch nhim, t duy sng to, tng mi, cc gii php mang tnh t ph vt qua
ch ng xut cc nhim v nghin cu khoa hc, kh khn, m bo s pht trin n nh v bn vng.
u tin cc nhm trin khai nghin cu cc gii php k ng thi, PVEP s tip tc y mnh hot ng khoa hc
thut cao, cng ngh thng minh gn vi vic ci tin k cng ngh, mang li hiu qu cao v c tnh lan ta mnh
thut, gim gi thnh iu hnh sn xut. Bn cnh , m, ng gp cho s pht trin ca PVEP v Tp on Du
PVEP s tip tc i mi phng thc thm nh v xt kh Vit Nam.
duyt, nhm khuyn khch, ng vin v khi gi tinh Mnh Ha

70 DU KH - S 4/2017

Tng doanh thu ca PVEP tng 24% so vi cng k nm 2016
Sn lng khai thc ca PVEP trong Qu I/2017 t 1,25 triu tn du quy i.
nh: PVEP
T ng cng ty Thm d Khai thc Du kh (PVEP)
cho bit sn lng khai thc trong Qu I/2017 t
1,25 triu tn du quy i, vt 4% k hoch v bng 28%
k hoch nm. Tng sn lng bao gm c cc bn lin
doanh t 2,24 triu tn du quy i. PVEP c t tng
doanh thu 8.694 t ng (vt 7% k hoch v bng 28%
k hoch nm), tng 1.690 t ng (tng ng tng
24%) so vi cng k nm 2016; li nhun trc thu c
t 2.290 t ng; np ngn sch Nh nc c t 2.325
t ng (vt 25% k hoch v bng 31% k hoch nm).
m bo kh nng cn i vn cho hot ng sn
xut kinh doanh, PVEP tip tc thc hin cc gii php ti
K tha thun hon thnh giao dch chuyn nhng quyn li
tham gia Hp ng chia sn phm L 15-1/05
N gy 11/4/2017, ti Tng cng ty Thm d Khai
thc Du kh (PVEP) din ra L k tha thun
hon thnh giao dch chuyn nhng quyn li tham
gia hp ng chia sn phm (PSC) L 15-1/05 gia
PVEP, SK Innovation Co., Ltd. v Murphy Oil Cuulong
Bac Oil Co.
Theo Giy chng nhn ng k u t iu chnh
s 00022000041/GCNTC#3 ngy 24/2/2017, B Cng
Thng chng nhn vic PVEP chuyn nhng 21,54% v
SK Innovation Co., Ltd. chuyn nhng 13,46% quyn li
tham gia PSC L 15-1/05 cho Murphy Oil Cuulong Bac Oil
Co., Ltd.
Kinh nghim trong lnh vc thm d khai thc du
kh ca Murphy Oil v SK Innovation s gip t hp nh
thu nhanh chng a cc pht hin du vo pht trin
khai thc vi cng ngh v chi ph ti u, cng nh tip
tc m rng cng tc tm kim, thm d trn din tch l
Hp ng.
PETROVIETNAM
u chi ph, m phn vi cc nh thu gim gi dch
v (khoan, pht trin m...) ph hp vi bin gim ca
gi du v xem xt gin tin cc hng mc cng vic.
Trong Qu I/2017, PVEP thc hin cc gii php ti u
ha, tit gim chi ph vi tng gi tr lm li c t gn 57
triu USD. Trong , PVEP thc hin ti u/gin 26% chi
ph Capex cc d n c Tp on Du kh Vit Nam ph
duyt, lm li 35,21 triu USD; gi tr lm li t cc sng
kin, gii php t 19,2 triu USD; gi tr gim gi dch v
l 1,87 triu USD; cc gii php vn phng xanh tit kim
chi ph hnh chnh lm li 9,36 t ng.
PVEP cho bit ang tp trung trin khai cc d n thu
gom kh m i Hng L 05-1a, S T Trng - giai on
2 v kim sot vn hnh h thng n nh cc m nhm
m bo hon thnh k hoch sn lng khai thc, a
cc ging vo khai thc ng tin trong nm 2017,
ng thi tip tc nghin cu, xut cc gii php t
ph i vi cc phng n pht trin m khc. ng thi,
PVEP tip tc r sot cng tc gp vn/gin gp vn cho
cc d n du kh; ch ng xut trin khai cng tc ti
cu trc; ch trng trin khai cc gii php t ph trong
k thut, sng kin sng ch, nng cao hiu qu hot
ng v ci thin dng tin, nht l khi gi du duy tr
mc 50 USD/thng. Nguyn Mnh
L k tha thun hon thnh giao dch chuyn nhng quyn li tham gia trong PSC
L 15-1/05. nh: PVEP
Ngay sau l k, t hp nh thu s tch cc trin khai
cc cng vic tip theo ca d n theo tinh thn ca cuc
hp y ban qun l (MCM) ln th 12 nhm sm a pht
hin Lc Vng vo pht trin khai thc cng nh m
rng cng tc tm kim, thm d du kh ti L 15-1/05 v
cc c hi hp tc mi. Mnh Ha
DU KH - S 4/2017 71
TIN TC - S KIN

y ban Khoa hc Cng ngh v Mi trng lm vic vi BSR

N gy 26/4/2017, Ch nhim y ban Khoa hc,

Cng ngh v Mi trng ca Quc hi Phan
Xun Dng v on cng tc lm vic vi Cng ty
TNHH MTV Lc ha du Bnh Sn (BSR).
Trong 4 thng u nm 2017, BSR sn xut 2,3 triu
tn sn phm, tng doanh thu c t 28.598 t ng,
np ngn sch Nh nc c t 3.424 t ng. Nh my
Lc du Dung Qut hot ng n nh vi cng sut ti
u (107%) nn sn lng sn xut vt k hoch 16,11%,
t 317 nghn tn v sn lng tiu th vt k hoch
16,45%, t 323,53 nghn tn.
on cng tc thm Phng iu khin trung tm Nh my Lc du Dung Qut. nh: BSR
Nh ch trng cng tc ti u ha trong vn hnh
sn xut v ti u ha cng ngh, BSR nng cao c Ch nhim y ban Khoa hc, Cng ngh v Mi
hiu qu ch bin, sn xut, tit gim chi ph sn xut kinh trng ca Quc hi nhn mnh: Quc hi, Chnh ph
doanh. BSR ang thc hin 19 gii php ti u ha nng v nhn dn rt t ho v Nh my Lc du Dung Qut.
lng, 7 gii php ti u ha thng s vn hnh. BSR ang c u t 3 t USD m sau 8 nm hot ng, Nh my
phi hp vi JGC (Nht Bn) nghin cu nng cng sut ng gp cho ngn sch Nh nc gn 7 t USD. ng
Nh my Lc du Dung Qut ln 115 - 120% vi ci hon Phan Xun Dng yu cu BSR y mnh cng tc o to,
nh nht. Mt s phn xng bn quyn nh Phn xng a i ng cn b k s i lm vic ti cc doanh nghip
x l napha vn hnh 120 - 125% cng sut, Phn xng ln trong v ngoi nc; va chuyn giao cng ngh,
x l nhin liu phn lc (KTU) vn hnh 130% cng va thu c ngoi t t ti nguyn cht xm.
sut c Chnh

Nghin cu phng n tch hp ngun kh t m C Voi Xanh

Nh my Lc du Dung Qut. nh: BSR
N gy 3/4/2017, Cng ty TNHH
MTV Lc ha du Bnh Sn
(BSR) v Trung tm Nghin cu v
Pht trin Ch bin Du kh (PVPro),
Vin Du kh Vit Nam t chc
Hi tho v nh gi cc phng
n tch hp ngun kh t m C Voi
Xanh gn vi Nh my Lc du Dung
Qut.
Hai bn nh gi kt qu
nghin cu th trng v cng ngh
sn xut cc sn phm; xut cc
phng n tch hp ngun kh C
Voi Xanh vo Nh my Lc du Dung
Qut; nh gi la chn phng n
tch hp; xut c ch u i, gi
kh v lng kh cn thit d n c
tnh kh thi u t. Nghin cu trn
c s sn lng kh C Voi Xanh. Trn
c s , Hi tho tp trung tho
lun v sn phm v chui sn phm
tim nng da trn cng sut ti a
c th sn xut (c xt n di cng
sut trung bnh trn th gii). Cc
chuyn gia ca BSR v PVPro nh
gi cc phng n u t theo cc
tiu ch: tng mc u t, hiu qu
kinh t - x hi, mc nh hng
n h thng cng ngh ca Nh
my Lc du Dung Qut, th trng,
cng ngh
M kh C Voi Xanh c tr lng
thu hi ti ch c tnh khong 150
t m3, l d n kh ln nht ti Vit
Nam cho ti nay. Tng sn lng kh
hng nm khai thc khong 9 - 10 t
m3, trong dnh khong 1 t m3
kt ni vi Nh my Lc du Dung
Qut phc v ch bin su.
Ngc Lm

72 DU KH - S 4/2017

PVE tp trung trin khai cc d n trng im
PVE kho st bin phc v thit k FEED D n Nng cp m rng Nh my Lc du Dung Qut. nh: BSR
T i i hi c ng thng
nin nm 2017, Tng cng
ty T vn v Thit k Du kh - CTCP
(PVE) cho bit thc hin cc d
n trng im nh: thit k chi tit
Nh my Nhit in Sng Hu 1; cp
nht bo co nghin cu kh thi D
Vin Du kh Vit Nam c cp bng c quyn sng ch
C c S hu Tr tu - B Khoa
hc v Cng ngh cp
Bng c quyn sng ch s 16808
(Quyt nh s 20175/Q-SHTT) cho
sng ch Quy trnh sn xut methanol
t hn hp H2/CO2 bng l phn ng
dng mng ca Trung tm Nghin
cu v Pht trin Ch bin Du kh
(PVPro), Vin Du kh Vit Nam.
Sng ch cp n quy trnh
sn xut methanol t hn hp H2/
CO2 bng l phn ng dng mng c
hiu sut chuyn ha methanol cao,
hn ch c cc hin tng ng
c cht xc tc v to ra cc sn
phm ph khc. im khc bit ca
l phn ng ny l c tch hp mt
n ng ng Nam Cn Sn 2 - giai
on 2; tham gia thit k k thut
tng th (FEED) d n pht trin m
Sao Vng - i Nguyt; h thng x l
nc trn gin H1, Post AFC BK-TNG
(Thin ng); cp nht bo co nghin
cu kh thi D n u t xy dng
mng zeolite bn trong ng phn
ng. Cu to ca mng zeolite gm
3 lp chnh: (i) lp mng thc hin
chc nng phn tch ca mng; (ii)
lp phi ng vai tr phi mm
lp mng pht trin trong qu trnh
tng hp mng; (iii) lp nn ng vai
tr l cht nn nhm tng bn c
hc cho vt liu mng.
Hi sn phm phn ng s c
thm thu qua mng zeolite v c
a ra khi l phn ng bng dng
kh li cun, sau dn sang thit
b ngng t phn tch v loi b
methanol, nc v cc sn phm
ngng t khc. Hn hp hi ny sau
khi c lm sch, loi b tp cht s
PETROVIETNAM
T hp Ha du min Nam ng
thi, PVE thc hin cng tc kho
st bin phc v thit k FEED D n
Nng cp m rng Nh my Lc du
Dung Qut; kho st b phc v thit
k FEED tuyn ng ng dn kh L
B - Mn; kho st hin trng tuyn
ng gn b Bch H - Long Hi; cung
cp dch v kim tra khng ph hy
thng xuyn cho Nh my Lc du
Dung Qut
V cc nhim v trng tm trong
nm 2017, Tng gim c PVE
Vn Thanh cho bit s tp trung
ngun lc trin khai cc d n
trng im m bo cht lng, tin
v hiu qu cao nht, c bit l
cc gi thu k thut c gi tr ln
thuc D n pht trin T hp Lc
ha du Rapid - Malaysia. ng thi,
Tng cng ty tip tc thc hin cng
tc ti c cu, o to ngun nhn
lc, nng cao nng lc qun l d n,
tng cng cng tc tip th m
rng th trng ra nc ngoi
Nguyn Thanh
c hi lu vo dng kh H2/CO2 vi
t l mong mun trc khi i vo l
phn ng, chng ct hn hp lng
thu c thit b ngng t thu
hi methanol.
Sng ch ny gip thc y s
chuyn dch cn bng theo chiu
hng to ra nhiu sn phm
methanol hn, nng cao hiu sut
to thnh methanol. Kt qu th
nghim cho thy trong cng iu
kin vn hnh, vic s dng l phn
ng c mng zeolite gip nng cao
chuyn ha ca phn ng chuyn
ha CO2 thnh methanol trn 50% so
vi l phn ng thng thng.
Ngc Linh
DU KH - S 4/2017 73
TIN TC - S KIN

PVCFC k Tha thun hp tc chin lc vi Viettel

N gy 26/4/2017, Cng ty CP Phn bn Du kh

C Mau (PVCFC) k kt Tha thun hp tc
chin lc vi Tng cng ty Vin thng Qun i (Viettel)
v cung cp v ng dng cc gii php cng ngh thng
tin trong hot ng sn xut kinh doanh, nng cao nng
lc cnh tranh ca doanh nghip. Hai bn s phi hp
trin khai cc gii php trong lnh vc h tng vin
thng, cng ngh thng tin v khai thc d liu nng
nghip
Theo Tng gim c PVCFC Bi Minh Tin: Vi s
mnh cung cp cc gii php dinh dng cho cy trng, L k tha thun hp tc gia PVCFC v Viettel. nh: PVCFC
phc v nn sn xut nng nghip bn vng, PVCFC
c, Tr Vinh (giai on 1: 20.000 tn/nm, vn u t 300
nh hng tip tc trin khai cc d n nng cao
t ng) v ang phi hp vi PVCFC kho nghim mt
nng lc qun tr. Thng qua hp tc ny, PVCFC tip
s sn phm phn bn thng minh. Hai doanh nghip
tc nng cao nng lc qun tr tin tin trong thi i
hp tc nghin cu v phn bn thng minh, tham quan,
cng ngh s.
hc hi m hnh sn xut a cng ngh tin tin vo
Trc ti Hi ngh Xc tin u t - Thng mi - sn xut, ch bin, phn phi, tiu th cc sn phm
Du lch tnh Tr Vinh nm 2017, PVCFC xem xt hp tc thng minh trong lnh vc nng nghip. Hai bn tha
nghin cu, pht trin sn xut sn phm phn bn thng thun s tip tc nghin cu v xem xt kh nng u t
minh vi Cng ty CP Rynan Smart Fertilizers (RYNAN). cho d n giai on tip theo trn c s kt qu bo co
Hin nay, RYNAN ang u t d n Nh my nghin cu, nghin cu kh thi. Lan Anh
sn xut phn bn thng minh ti Khu cng nghip Long

PVFCCo s cung cp 350 nghn tn phn bn trong Qu II/2017

Nh my m Ph M. nh: PVFCCo
T i i hi ng c ng thng nin nm 2017, Tng
cng ty Phn bn v Ha cht Du kh (PVFCCo)
thng qua k hoch sn xut kinh doanh nm 2017 vi ch tiu
doanh thu 7.743 t ng, li nhun trc thu 991 t
ng v t l tr c tc 20% mnh gi c phiu.
Trong Qu I/2017, Nh my m Ph M vn
hnh ti a cng sut vi sn lng t 226 nghn
tn, vt 9% k hoch qu v bng 29% k hoch
nm, tng 4% so vi cng k nm 2016. Sn lng
phn bn tiu th ca PVFCCo t gn 290 nghn
tn (vt 4%), gm 192 nghn tn m Ph M;
trn 95 nghn tn NPK Ph M, kali Ph M, DAP
Ph M Tng doanh thu ca PVFCCo t trn
2.000 t ng v li nhun trc thu t 275 t
ng.
Trong Qu II/2017, PVFCCo s tip tc tng sn
lng tiu th phn bn d kin khong gn 350
nghn tn, ng thi, tng cng iu phi sn
lng cung ng hng gia cc vng min nhm
ti u ha hiu qu kinh doanh ca cc mt hng.
PVFCCo cho bit lp t xong cc thit b chnh v
d kin s chy th xng NH3 (nng cng sut thm
90.000 tn/nm) v Nh my NPK Ph M (cng sut
250.000 tn/nm) vo Qu III/2017.
Bi H

74 DU KH - S 4/2017
 PETROVIETNAM

TIN TH GII
Iran trin khai 10 d n nng lng gi tr 20 t USD
South Pars c chia thnh 24 giai on, mi giai on
d kin cho sn lng khong 25 triu m3 kh/ngy. Sau
khi a 5 giai on ca m South Pars vo hot ng,
Iran s nng sn lng kh t t nhin ln 575 triu m3/
ngy, ng thi tng sn lng khai thc v xut khu
condensate, LPG v kh ethane. Tng du m South Pars
c pht hin vo nm 1992, vi tr lng ln ti 1,5 - 4
t thng. Cng sut khai thc giai on 1 ca d n d
kin t 35.000 thng/ngy. C quan Nng lng Quc t
(IEA) d bo Iran s tng sn lng khai thc thm 400.000
thng/ngy ln 4,15 triu thng/ngy vo nm 2022.
M kh t South Pars. Ngun: Ptecenergy.com
Bn cnh , 4 d n ha du cng s nng sn lng

N gy 16/4/2017, Tng thng Iran Hassan Rouhani

chnh thc khi ng 10 d n du m,
kh t v ha du c tng gi tr 20 t USD ti khu vc
Assalouyeh min Nam nc ny. B Du m Iran cho
bit 10 d n ny gm 5 giai on ca d n khai thc kh
m South Pars, 4 d n ha du v 1 d n khai thc tng
du m South Pars.
Trong , South Pars l mt phn ca m kh khng l
m Iran v Qatar ang khai thc chung trn vnh Persian.
Tr lng ca m kh t ny chim khong 8% tng tr
lng kh t t nhin ca th gii. D n pht trin m
ca Iran ln 2 triu tn/nm, mang li doanh thu 2 t USD/
nm. Sn lng ha du ca Iran d kin vt 59 triu tn
trong nm lch Iran (bt u t ngy 21/3/2017). Nc ny
c k hoch xut khu 23 triu tn cc sn phm ha du
c tng tr gi 11 t USD trong nm 2017.
K t khi tha thun gia Iran v nhm P5+1 bt u
c hiu lc vo thng 1/2016 n nay, Iran tng sn
lng du m t 2,6 triu thng/ngy ln 3,9 triu thng/
ngy. Thng 1/2017, Tehran cho php cc cng ty nc
ngoi u thu cc d n du kh ca nc ny.
Minh Hng (TTXVN)

ExxonMobil cng b pht hin du kh CUBA TM THY DU TI 4

th 3 ngoi khi Guyana
tp ny - mt phn ca khu
vc thm d quan trng ngoi
khi Guyana. Khi tip tc nh
gi tim nng ca L Stabroek,
ExxonMobil cng tin hnh cc
bc cn thit m bo s
pht trin hiu qu, an ton,
mang li li ch lu di v bn
vng cho Guyana.
Bn L Stabroek. Ngun: OGJ
ExxonMobil Corp. cho bit cng ty con Sau khi hon thin ging Snoek,
Esso Exploration and Production Guyana tu khoan Stena Carron quay v khu
Ltd. pht hin va ct kt cha du vc Liza khoan ging Liza-4. tin hnh cc hot ng thm
cht lng c b dy 82ft (25m) trong khi L Stabroek c din tch 26.800km2
khoan ging Snoek nm pha Nam ca L
do Esso Exploration and Production
Stabroek, ngoi khi Guyana. Guyana Ltd. (45% c phn) l nh iu
Ch tch ca ExxonMobil Steve hnh; cng cc i tc Hess Guyana
Exploration Ltd. (30%) v CNOOC Nexen
Greenlee cho bit: Pht hin mi nht ti
Snoek chng minh s thnh cng lin tip Petroleum Guyana Ltd. (25%).
m ExxonMobil t c vi cu to phc T Anh (theo ExxonMobil)
GING KHOAN THM D
VNH MEXICO
Trong Hi ngh du kh
Petrogas 2017 ti La Habana,
Trng b phn thm d
ca Tp on Du kh Cuba
(Cupet) Osvaldo Lpez cho bit
pht hin du ti 4 ging
khoan thm d ti vng c
quyn kinh t (EEZ) ca Cuba ti
vnh Mexico. Da trn kt qu
nghin cu a chn, Chnh ph
Cuba c tnh tr lng ca
khu vc ny dao ng t 5 - 22
t thng.
T cui nm 2016, Cuba
d ti khu vc ny cng nh
khu vc khai thc truyn thng
ven b v trn cn vi ngn
sch 17 triu USD. Cuba ang
khai thc v sn xut mi nm
khong 4 triu tn du v kh,
p ng khong 50% nhu cu
tiu th trong nc.
L Minh (TTXVN)

DU KH - S 4/2017 75
TIN TC - S KIN

Rockhopper v Kuwait Energy hp tc khoan ti m Al Jahraa, Ai Cp

Bn L Abu Sennan. Ngun: Energyegypt.net
T heo Rockhopper Exploration PLC (Vng quc
Anh), chng trnh khoan 2 ging s c thc
hin ti va cha Cretaceous Abu Roash-C trong khi t
gy pha Nam pht hin Al Jahraa SE-1X, L Abu Sennan,
Ai Cp. Trong , ging khoan thm d Al Jahraa SE-2X
c khoan vo ngy 25/4/2017 v d kin hot ng
khoan din ra trong vng 40 ngy.
Sau khi khoan ging ny thnh cng, gin khoan s
c di chuyn n v tr Al Jahraa-9 khoan 1 ging
thm lng nh gi va cha Abu Roash-C v tr su hn
so vi ging su nht hin nay l Al Jahraa-4.
Kuwait Energy ang l nh iu hnh nm gi 50% c
phn ti L Abu Sennen, Dover Petroleum nm gi 28%
v Rockhopper Exploration PLC nm gi 22%.
Hin Trang (theo Energy Egypt)

Pht hin kh v condensate mi TOTAL SA D NH U T

KHONG 500 TRIU USD
ngoi khi Libya SN XUT KH PHIN
ARGENTINA

V tr play phin Vaca Muerta.

Ngun: GeoCurrents
Total SA cho bit d kin s u
t khong 500 triu USD trong 3 - 4
nm pht trin m kh phin
Argentina.
Total ph duyt k hoch
pht trin giai on u theo giy
php iu hnh Aguada Pichana Este
Pht hin kh v condensate mi ca Eni c th khai thc khong 7.000 thng du quy i/ngy. Ngun: Eni. trong play phin khng l Vaca
Muerta (Argentina) v d nh tng

E ni cng b mt pht hin kh

v condensate mi ngoi khi
Libya trong cu to trin vng Gamma,
Ging c khoan n su
150m nc vi tng chiu su mt
khoan l 2.981m (9.780ft), pht hin
c phn t 27% ln 41%. D n ny
c ng s hu bi YPF SA, Win-
tershall Energia SA v Panamerica
Energy LLC.
khu vc Hp ng D, cch Tripoli, Libya kh v condensate tui Eocene. Tr
140km. Pht hin ny, c thc hin lng khai thc hin ti t khong Vaca Muerta l 1 trong 10 quyt
nh u t ln cui cng i vi cc
thng qua ging B1 16/3, nm cch 7.000 thng du quy i/ngy. d n du kh mi trong k hoch ca
m Bouri 15km v pha Ty Nam v Total cho nm 2017 - 2018.
Eni, thng qua cng ty con Eni
cch m Bahr Essalam 5km v pha Bc. Total cho bit kh t t d n
North Africa BV, l nh iu hnh khu
Vic khoan cu to trin vng Gamma Vaca Muerta s c x l ti Nh
vc Hp ng D vi quyn li tham my x l kh Aguada Pichana, nng
l mt phn trong chin lc thm d
gia 100% trong giai on thm d. tng cng sut ln khong 100.000
cn m ca Eni nhm tn dng c s thng du quy i/ngy. Total
Eni c mt ti Libya t nm 1959
h tng hin c sm a m vo sn xut c 78.000 thng du
v ang sn xut 350.000 thng du
khai thc, cung cp thm kh cho th quy i/ngy ti Argentina vo nm
quy i/ngy. 2016.
trng trong nc v xut khu. Quang Trung (theo Eni) Quang Trung (theo Total)

76 DU KH - S 4/2017
 PETROVIETNAM

TH TRNG DU KH
D tr du th v sn lng du th th gii Nhu cu du ton cu
100
Theo Bo co th trng du m th
97,5
gii thng 4/2017 ca C quan Nng lng
Quc t (IEA), d tr du m ca cc nc
Triu thng/ngy

95
thuc T chc Hp tc v Pht trin Kinh t
(OECD) tng 400.000 thng/ngy trong Qu 92,5
I/2017, ch yu l du th chu u v M.
90
Trong khi Qu lV/2016, d tr du m
ca OECD gim 800.000 thng/ngy, ch 87,5
yu l sn phm lc du. Ngoi khi OECD,
cc khu vc c trung tm d tr ln gm 85
Qu l/2013 Qu lll/2013 Qu l/2014 Qu lll/2014 Qu l/2015 Qu lll/2015 Qu l/2016 Qu lll/2016
Saldanha Bay, cc nc vng Caribean v
cc kho cha ni th lng du d tr gim Ngun cung du ton cu
100
300.000 thng/ngy.

Sn lng du th ca T chc Cc 97,5

nc Xut khu Du m (OPEC) gim

Triu thng/ngy

95
365.000 thng/ngy trong thng 3/2017,
xung cn 31,68 triu thng/ngy, dn 92,5
u l Saudi Arabia, Nigeria v Libya (2
90
nc khng bt buc phi ct gim). Sn
lng ca cc nc cn li u gim nn 87,5
tng ngun cung trong thng 3/2017 gim
230.000 thng/ngy so vi cng k nm 85
Qu l/2013 Qu lll/2013 Qu l/2014 Qu lll/2014 Qu l/2015 Qu lll/2015 Qu l/2016 Qu lll/2016
ngoi.
Ngun cung du th t OPEC
D bo cc nc trong OPEC s ct 34
gim sn lng nhiu hn trong thi gian
33
ti v c th ng thun ko di thi hn
cam kt ct gim sn lng y gi du
Triu thng/ngy

32
ln. Nu d bo ny tr thnh hin thc
v gi du trong cui Qu II/2017 cao hn 31
hin nay th y s l ng lc pht trin
30
ngnh khai thc du phi truyn thng. Tuy
nhin, cc nc sn xut khu du khc
29
nh Lin bang Nga, cc nc Lin X c,
Canada, Na Uy, sn lng c th s tng 28
Qu l/2013 Qu lll/2013 Qu l/2014 Qu lll/2014 Qu l/2015 Qu lll/2015 Qu l/2016 Qu lll/2016
dn n v hiu ha tc dng ca cam kt
ct gim sn lng ca OPEC. Hnh 1. Cn cn cung - cu du ton cu v ngun cung du t OPEC giai on 2013 - 2016. Ngun: IEA

DU KH - S 4/2017 77
TH TRNG DU KH

IEA d bo nu kch bn ny Khuynh hng gi du trong cui

Da trn din bin cung-cu du th
xy ra th sn lng du th th gii nm 2017
ton cu trong giai on 2013 - 2016 (Hnh
cui nm 2017 s cao hn 475.000
1), IEA d bo tng trng nhu cu du Theo l thuyt, d bo khuynh
thng/ngy so vi nm 2016, ch
ton cu nm 2017 t 1,4 triu thng/ hng gi du tng da trn cc
yu l M vi sn lng c th
ngy. Tuy nhin, trong bo co mi nht nguyn l c bn ca th trng, kh
cao hn 670.000 thng/ngy so
cng b thng 4/2017, con s trn c nng cung cp ti chnh, cc s kin a
vi cng k nm 2016. Theo s liu
IEA iu chnh li cn 1,3 triu thng/ chnh tr, cc din bin bt thng ca
thng k thng 3/2017, sn lng
ngy, ch yu l do nhu cu ca Nga, n mi trng t nhin, kh hu, thi tit
ca M t 9 triu thng/ngy
v cc nc OECD gim (Hnh 2). v phn ng cm tnh ca ngi tiu
trong khi thng 9/2016 mi t 8,6
Cung du ton cu gim 755 nghn dng. Cc du hiu gi du tng xut
triu thng/ngy.
thng/ngy trong thng 3 khi OPEC v cc hin nhiu hn trong thng 3/2017
Nhu cu du ca Trung Quc khuyn khch cc nh u t hng
nc sn xut du ngoi OPEC thc hin
tip tc tng 430.000 thng/ngy vo cc n thng ngun. Gi du
ct gim sn lng theo cam kt. Tng sn
trong Qu I/2017. Nhu cu nng ang c khuynh hng phc hi: OPEC
lng t cc nc ngoi OPEC d bo s
lng ca cc nn kinh t khc v cc nc sn xut du ln s ko di
tng tr li vi tc tng trng t 485
ca chu nh Hng Kng, i thi hn cam kt ct gim sn lng;
nghn thng/ngy trong nm 2017.
Loan cng tng mnh. cc nh my lc du kt thc giai on
bo dng; sn lng du ca Iran,
Triu thng/ngy Triu thng/ngy Iraq, Libya, Nigeria, Venezuela, Angola,
100 3
Na Uy s khng cao nh d bo cui
98
nm 2016 v vic chnh ph cc nc
2
xut khu du cn gi du cao tng
96 1
thu ngn sch.
Tuy nhin, cc nh d bo gi
94 0
nng lng u cho rng hin tng
gi du tng trong thi gian va qua
92 -0,1
ch l tm thi v nu OPEC, Nga v cc
90 -0,2 nc ngoi OPEC tip tc ct gim sn
Qu ll/2013 Qu ll/2014 Qu ll/2015 Qu ll/2016 Qu ll/2017 lng trong thi gian ti th cung vn
Tng d tr Nhu cu Cung vt xa cu nn gi du vn duy tr
mc thp. D bo gi du trung bnh
Hnh 2. Cn cn cung - cu du m th gii n Qu II/2017 vi gi thit cc cam kt ct gim sn lng
c nm 2017 ch c th mc 60USD/
ca cc nc sn xut du ln c thc hin nghim tc. Ngun: IEA
thng ch khng th tng ln n
80 80USD/thng nh k vng.
Cc nh phn tch th trng cho
70
rng vn cn nhiu yu t lm cho cn
cn cung - cu khng cn bng, cung
60 ln hn cu ko di l nguyn nhn
USD/Thng

dn n mc v tc gia tng gi
50 du khng cao.

Cc yu t nh hng n s tng/
40
gim ca gi du
Brent
WTI
30
Gi du WTI sau khi n nh mc
50USD/thng trong nhiu tun tng
ln 53USD/thng vo ngy 10/4/2017.
Hnh 3. Din bin gi du Brent v WTI t 28/3 - 5/5/2017 Tuy nhin, gi du li bt u gim t

78 DU KH - S 4/2017
 PETROVIETNAM

ngy 17/4/2017 v ch cn 46USD/
thng vo ngy 5/5/2017. Gi du
Brent trong khong thi gian ny
cng gim t 55USD/thng xung
mc 49USD/thng (Hnh 3).
Do cc yu t a chnh tr s
cn din bin phc tp nn cc
nh phn tch cha a ra c cc
quan im chc chn v din bin
gi du trong thi gian ti. Ngoi
cc yu t a chnh tr khng n
nh th khuynh hng gi du
tng/gim cn do c ch cung gn
rt cht vi tnh hnh din bin
du d tr, tnh hnh tng gim s
60
55
50
USD/thng
lng gin khai thc du M cng
chnh sch tng sn lng ca Tng
thng M Donald Trump cng nh
cc th trng ti chnh loi b tc
dng ca quyt nh ct gim sn
lng ca OPEC v Nga.
Chin lc d tr du ca M
(SPR - Strategic petroleum reserve)
va bo m p ng cc nhu
cu kinh t - x hi - quc phng
ca M va l cng c qun l,
iu hnh gi du trn th trng
quc t. Chin lc ny c M
thc hin thng qua iu chnh mc
s dng 727 triu thng cng sut
cha trong cc kho ngm khng l
Texas v Louisiana, ti sn ca chnh
quyn lin bang. Phn ln du d tr
l du chua, hm lng lu hunh
cao, phc v cho cc nh my lc du
M. y cng c th coi l cng c
bo him an ninh nng lng M. V
nu c mt nguyn nhn no y
gi du tng vt th Chin lc d tr
du ca M s gip nn kinh t hot
ng bnh thng trong vng 90
ngy n lc gi du n nh tr li.
Trong nm 2016, cc nh phn
tch th trng cho rng gi du
xung thp hn 60USD/thng s
bp nght ngnh du kh phin st
M v gi thnh sn xut 1 thng du
loi ny lc ln n 70USD/thng.
Hin nay, nh ng dng cng ngh
hin i thng qua chng trnh pht
trin m du s thng minh v ci
tin qun l, tng cng u t cho
nghin cu khoa hc k thut trong

thi gian gi du thp nn gi thnh 1

45
thng du phi truyn thng gim
40 rt nhiu, m bo li nhun cho cc
cng ty thm d khai thc c khi gi
35
du gim xung di 40USD/thng.
30 S lng gin khoan M tng lin tc
5/2016 7/2016 9/2016 11/2016 1/2017 3/2017 trong 9 thng qua, a tng s gin
hot ng ln 789 gin, nh du thi
im sn lng du M tng tc
n, theo nh gi ca Baker Hughes.
Cc nh kinh t tin rng cc nc
2 sn xut du ln tham gia hi ngh
OPEC thng 5/2017 s b lp trng
1
chnh tr (chng i nhau) sang mt
0 bn nhm t c nhng li ch kinh
USD/thng

t thng qua chp nhn cc nhng

-1
b c nhng quyt nh c li cho
-2 gi du tng mc cc bn c th
chp nhn.
-3
PGS.TS. Trn Ngc Ton (tng hp)
-4
5/2016 7/2016 9/2016 11/2016 1/2017 3/2017

Hnh 4. Din bin gi du giao sau t thng 3/2016 n nay. Ngun: IEA

DU KH - S 4/2017 79
PH BIN SNG KIN
Kt hp khai thc bng bm in chm v kh nng
gia tng hiu qu khai thc cc ging du nng m ng
T i m ng , phng php khai thc bm
in chm (ESP) hiu qu cho ging du nng, lu
lng cht lu cao, p sut va thp v ch s nng sut
khai thc (PI) tt. Trong phng n pht trin m c
ph duyt, phng php khai thc bng ESP c la
chn p dng cho va du nng Miocene B.II.20. Cc tnh
ton thit k a ra lu lng ti u ca bm ESP l 1.500
thng/ngy, cao hn so vi khi khai thc ch dng kh
nng (gaslift). Trong giai on hon thin ging, h thng
khai thc bng kh nng (ti hng, van, ng ng dn
kh nng) cng c lp t cng vi bm in chm
gi dng v d phng trong trng hp bm in chm
gp s c. Gii php ny rt n gin v tit kim chi ph
cho vic thay van sau ny.
Nhm tng sn lng cho cc ging s dng ESP,
ng thi gim p sut u ra, tn s v cng sut cho
ESP, cng nh gim thi gian dng ging khi bm in
chm gp s c, nhm tc gi thuc Cng ty iu hnh
chung Lam Sn (Lam Son JOC) xut phng php
kt hp khai thc bng bm in chm v kh nng.
thc hin gii php, nhm tc gi thc hin c
phng php nghin cu l thuyt (phn tch l thuyt
v m hnh ha) v phng php thc tin qua cc bc
nh Hnh 1.
Ti tt c cc ging bm in chm vi p sut kh nn
ca m ng , ti su van p sut kh nn phi ln
hn p sut cht lu trong cn khai thc ti thiu 150psi
m bo lu lng kh vo n nh v xc nh c
v tr van kh nng lm vic. Sau khi xc nh cc ging
c kh nng bm p c kh nng v v tr van lm vic,
nhm tc gi s dng phn mm PIPESIM m phng
sn lng khai thc v bin thin p sut trong thn ging.
Kt qu m phng khai thc kt hp ESP v gaslift
cho ging DD-4P cho thy p sut y ging gim 70psi
tng ng vi lu lng cht lng tng thm khong
450 thng/ngy v p sut u ra ca bm gim khong
200psi. Nh vy, ct p ca bm v cng sut bm cng
gim tng ng. Ngoi ra, phn mm PIPESIM cng c
s dng tnh ton m phng tng t cho 3 ging
DD-6P, DD-2P, DD-7P. M hnh cng cho thy vic p
dng kt hp ESP v gaslift lm gim ng k p sut
u ra ca bm, gim lc p ca ct cht lng v gim
cng sut lm vic cho bm. T c th vn hnh bm
tn s thp hn, gim nhit lm vic v an ton hn
cho ng c bm.
80 DU KH - S 4/2017
Gaslift + ESP
Tnh ton kh
nng bm p
kh nng
Tnh ton
hiu qu
Kim tra p dng thc t Khng p dng
hiu qu
Hnh 1. Cc bc tnh ton, p dng gii php
iu kin cn thit p dng gii php khai thc kt
hp ESP v gaslift l: h thng hon thin ging vi bm
in chm v cc van kh nng c thit k lp t sn, c
h thng nn cung cp cho ging.
Cc li ch ca vic p dng gii php ny l:
- Khng cn phi thay van gaslift, ch cn dng h
thng van gaslift c lp t t giai on hon thin
ging;
- Tng sn lng khai thc so vi khai thc bng
phng php bm in chm hoc ring phng php
kh nng, gp phn m bo sn lng khai thc ca Lam
Son JOC;
- Gim thi gian ngng khai thc ca ging, ging
vn c khai thc lin tc bng kh nng khi bm in
chm gp s c;
- Gim ti v tng tui th ca bm.
Sau mt nm p dng gii php kt hp khai thc
bng bm in chm v kh nng, sn lng ca m ng
v Lam Sn JOC gia tng thm khong 118.000 thng
du lm li khong 4,9 triu USD.
Gii php Kt hp khai thc bng bm in chm v
kh nng gia tng hiu qu khai thc cc ging bm
in chm ca m ng c cng nhn sng kin
cp Tp on Du kh Vit Nam v c th p dng cho cc
m c ging thit k ESP v gaslift tng t, p sut kh
nn ln c th i qua van gaslift khi bm ang hot
ng, ging c th tng lu lng khai thc trong chng
trnh qun l m.
Nguyn Vn Thng (gii thiu)