India 2014 Cost Handbook

INDIA 2014
Langdon & Seah Consulting India Pvt Ltd

Langdon & Seah Consulting India Pvt Ltd
would like to acknowledge the following
projects featured on our cover page:
2 1
1. Nathani Heights, Mumbai India
2. Capita Green, Singapore
2
Seventh Edition 2014
Langdon & Seah Consulting India Pvt. Ltd.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be

reproduced, copied, stored or transmitted in any form
without prior written permission from Langdon & Seah
Consulting India Pvt Ltd.
The information contained herein should be regarded

as indicative and for general guidance only. Langdon
& Seah Consulting India Pvt Ltd. makes no
representation, expressed or implied, with regard to
the accuracy of the information herein and cannot
accept any responsibility or liability for any errors or
omissions that may be made.
Unless otherwise stated, costs reflected in this

handbook are current as at 4th Quarter 2013.
Published by
Langdon & Seah Consulting India Pvt Ltd.
3
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page No.
Contents 4
Introduction 7
Calendars 8
1. INDIA AN OVERVIEW
Key Data 15
Economy 20
Foreign Investment Policy 22
2. INDIAN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY

Overview 28
Infrastructure Development 30
Real Estate Development 33
Procurement Model and Contract Forms 34
Challenges Facing Real Estate 35
And Construction Industry
3. CONSTRUCTION COST DATA

Preambles 38
Construction Costs For:
a. India 39
b. Selected Asian Cities 42
Construction Costs Specification 52
Unit Rates of Major Work Items 56
For Selected Asian Cities
M&E Costs For Selected Asian Cities 70
Basic Cost of Key Materials 78
Wages of Key Personnel 82
4. OTHER INFORMATION
Conversion Factors 86
IDD codes & Time differences 88
Relevant Websites 90
Exchange Rates 92
4 TABLE OF CONTENTS
5. LANGDON & SEAH
L&S Culture 96
Directory of Offices 97
TABLE OF CONTENTS 5
6
INTRODUCTION
Langdon & Seah (L&S) has been involved in the

publication of construction costs handbooks for countries
such as China and Hong Kong, Korea, Malaysia,
Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam and Singapore and is also
the editor of the Spon's Asia Pacific Construction Costs
Handbook.
As in the previous editions, the L&S Handbook India

2014 focuses on the construction cost profile of India and
those of the major cities in Asia.
The handbook is structured to serve as a general

reference guide on construction cost indicators in India.
The information contained in this handbook has been

compiled by Langdon & Seah Consulting India Pvt Ltd.
Any further information and/or if advice relating to
particular projects is required, please contact us at the
address given at the end of this handbook.
INTRODUCTION 7
CALENDARS
2013
January February
Week No. 1 2 3 4 5 5 6 7 8 9
Monday 7 14 21 28 4 11 18 25
Tuesday 1 8 15 22 29 5 12 19 26
Wednesday 2 9 16 23 30 6 13 20 27
Thursday 3 10 17 24 31 7 14 21 28
Friday 4 11 18 25 1 8 15 22
Saturday 5 12 19 26 2 9 16 23
Sunday 6 13 20 27 3 10 17 24
March April
Week No. 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Monday 4 11 18 25 1 8 15 22 29
Tuesday 5 12 19 26 2 9 16 23 30
Wednesday 6 13 20 27 3 10 17 24
Thursday 7 14 21 28 4 11 18 25
Friday 1 8 15 22 29 5 12 19 26
Saturday 2 9 16 23 30 6 13 20 27
Sunday 3 10 17 24 31 7 14 21 28
May June
Week No. 18 19 20 21 22 22 23 24 25 26
Monday 6 13 20 27 3 10 17 24
Tuesday 7 14 21 28 4 11 18 25
Wednesday 1 8 15 22 29 5 12 19 26
Thursday 2 9 16 23 30 6 13 20 27
Friday 3 10 17 24 31 7 14 21 28
Saturday 4 11 18 25 1 8 15 22 29
Sunday 5 12 19 26 2 9 16 23 30
July August
Week No. 27 28 29 30 31 31 32 33 34 35
Monday 1 8 15 22 29 5 12 19 26
Tuesday 2 9 16 23 30 6 13 20 27
Wednesday 3 10 17 24 31 7 14 21 28
Thursday 4 11 18 25 1 8 15 22 29
Friday 5 12 19 26 2 9 16 23 30
Saturday 6 13 20 27 3 10 17 24 31
Sunday 7 14 21 28 4 11 18 25
September October
Week No. 35 36 37 38 39 40 40 41 42 43 44
Monday 2 9 16 23 30 7 14 21 28
Tuesday 3 10 17 24 1 8 15 22 29
Wednesday 4 11 18 25 2 9 16 23 30
Thursday 5 12 19 26 3 10 17 24 31
Friday 6 13 20 27 4 11 18 25
Saturday 7 14 21 28 5 12 19 26
Sunday 1 8 15 22 29 6 13 20 27
November December
Week No. 44 45 46 47 48 48 49 50 51 52 1/14
Monday 4 11 18 25 2 9 16 23 30
Tuesday 5 12 19 26 3 10 17 24 31
Wednesday 6 13 20 27 4 11 18 25
Thursday 7 14 21 28 5 12 19 26
Friday 1 8 15 22 29 6 13 20 27
Saturday 2 9 16 23 30 7 14 21 28
Sunday 3 10 17 24 1 8 15 22 29
8 CALENDARS
2014
January February
Week No. 1 2 3 4 5 5 6 7 8 9
Monday 6 13 20 27 3 10 17 24
Tuesday 7 14 21 28 4 11 18 25
Wednesday 1 8 15 22 29 5 12 19 26
Thursday 2 9 16 23 30 6 13 20 27
Friday 3 10 17 24 31 7 14 21 28
Saturday 4 11 18 25 1 8 15 22
Sunday 5 12 19 26 2 9 16 23
March April
Week No. 9 10 11 12 13 14 14 15 16 17 18
Monday 3 10 17 24 31 7 14 21 28
Tuesday 4 11 18 25 1 8 15 22 29
Wednesday 5 12 19 26 2 9 16 23 30
Thursday 6 13 20 27 3 10 17 24
Friday 7 14 21 28 4 11 18 25
Saturday 1 8 15 22 29 5 12 19 26
Sunday 2 9 16 23 30 6 13 20 27
May June
Week No. 18 19 20 21 22 22 23 24 25 26 27
Monday 5 12 19 26 2 9 16 23 30
Tuesday 6 13 20 27 3 10 17 24
Wednesday 7 14 21 28 4 11 18 25
Thursday 1 8 15 22 29 5 12 19 26
Friday 2 9 16 23 30 6 13 20 27
Saturday 3 10 17 24 31 7 14 21 28
Sunday 4 11 18 25 1 8 15 22 29
July August
Week No. 27 28 29 30 31 31 32 33 34 35
Monday 7 14 21 28 4 11 18 25
Tuesday 1 8 15 22 29 5 12 19 26
Wednesday 2 9 16 23 30 6 13 20 27
Thursday 3 10 17 24 31 7 14 21 28
Friday 4 11 18 25 1 8 15 22 29
Saturday 5 12 19 26 2 9 16 23 30
Sunday 6 13 20 27 3 10 17 24 31
September October
Week No. 36 37 38 39 40 40 41 42 43 44
Monday 1 8 15 22 29 6 13 20 27
Tuesday 2 9 16 23 30 7 14 21 28
Wednesday 3 10 17 24 1 8 15 22 29
Thursday 4 11 18 25 2 9 16 23 30
Friday 5 12 19 26 3 10 17 24 31
Saturday 6 13 20 27 4 11 18 25
Sunday 7 14 21 28 5 12 19 26
November December
Week No. 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 1/15
Monday 3 10 17 24 1 8 15 22 29
Tuesday 4 11 18 25 2 9 16 23 30
Wednesday 5 12 19 26 3 10 17 24 31
Thursday 6 13 20 27 4 11 18 25
Friday 7 14 21 28 5 12 19 26
Saturday 1 8 15 22 29 6 13 20 27
Sunday 2 9 16 23 30 7 14 21 28
CALENDARS 9
CALENDARS
2015
January February
Week No. 1 2 3 4 5 5 6 7 8 9
Monday 5 12 19 26 2 9 16 23
Tuesday 6 13 20 27 3 10 17 24
Wednesday 7 14 21 28 4 11 18 25
Thursday 1 8 15 22 29 5 12 19 26
Friday 2 9 16 23 30 6 13 20 27
Saturday 3 10 17 24 31 7 14 21 28
Sunday 4 11 18 25 1 8 15 22
March April
Week No. 9 10 11 12 13 14 14 15 16 17 18
Monday 2 9 16 23 30 6 13 20 27
Tuesday 3 10 17 24 31 7 14 21 28
Wednesday 4 11 18 25 1 8 15 22 29
Thursday 5 12 19 26 2 9 16 23 30
Friday 6 13 20 27 3 10 17 24
Saturday 7 14 21 28 4 11 18 25
Sunday 1 8 15 22 29 5 12 19 26
May June
Week No. 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
Monday 4 11 18 25 1 8 15 22 29
Tuesday 5 12 19 26 2 9 16 23 30
Wednesday 6 13 20 27 3 10 17 24
Thursday 7 14 21 28 4 11 18 25
Friday 1 8 15 22 29 5 12 19 26
Saturday 2 9 16 23 30 6 13 20 27
Sunday 3 10 17 24 31 7 14 21 28
July August
Week No. 27 28 29 30 31 31 32 33 34 35 36
Monday 6 13 20 27 3 10 17 24 31
Tuesday 7 14 21 28 4 11 18 25
Wednesday 1 8 15 22 29 5 12 19 26
Thursday 2 9 16 23 30 6 13 20 27
Friday 3 10 17 24 31 7 14 21 28
Saturday 4 11 18 25 1 8 15 22 29
Sunday 5 12 19 26 2 9 16 23 30
September October
Week No. 36 37 38 39 40 40 41 42 43 44
Monday 7 14 21 28 5 12 19 26
Tuesday 1 8 15 22 29 6 13 20 27
Wednesday 2 9 16 23 30 7 14 21 28
Thursday 3 10 17 24 1 8 15 22 29
Friday 4 11 18 25 2 9 16 23 30
Saturday 5 12 19 26 3 10 17 24 31
Sunday 6 13 20 27 4 11 18 25
November December
Week No. 44 45 46 47 48 49 49 50 51 52 1/16
Monday 2 9 16 23 30 7 14 21 28
Tuesday 3 10 17 24 1 8 15 22 29
Wednesday 4 11 18 25 2 9 16 23 30
Thursday 5 12 19 26 3 10 17 24 31
Friday 6 13 20 27 4 11 18 25
Saturday 7 14 21 28 5 12 19 26
Sunday 1 8 15 22 29 6 13 20 27
10 CALENDARS
2016
January February
Week No. 53 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Monday 4 11 18 25 1 8 15 22 29
Tuesday 5 12 19 26 2 9 16 23
Wednesday 6 13 20 27 3 10 17 24
Thursday 7 14 21 28 4 11 18 25
Friday 1 8 15 22 29 5 12 19 26
Saturday 2 9 16 23 30 6 13 20 27
Sunday 3 10 17 24 31 7 14 21 28
March April
Week No. 9 10 11 12 13 13 14 15 16 17
Monday 7 14 21 28 4 11 18 25
Tuesday 1 8 15 22 29 5 12 19 26
Wednesday 2 9 16 23 30 6 13 20 27
Thursday 3 10 17 24 31 7 14 21 28
Friday 4 11 18 25 1 8 15 22 29
Saturday 5 12 19 26 2 9 16 23 30
Sunday 6 13 20 27 3 10 17 24
May June
Week No. 17 18 19 20 21 22 22 23 24 25 26
Monday 2 9 16 23 30 6 13 20 27
Tuesday 3 10 17 24 31 7 14 21 28
Wednesday 4 11 18 25 1 8 15 22 29
Thursday 5 12 19 26 2 9 16 23 30
Friday 6 13 20 27 3 10 17 24
Saturday 7 14 21 28 4 11 18 25
Sunday 1 8 15 22 29 5 12 19 26
July August
Week No. 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35
Monday 4 11 18 25 1 8 15 22 29
Tuesday 5 12 19 26 2 9 16 23 30
Wednesday 6 13 20 27 3 10 17 24 31
Thursday 7 14 21 28 4 11 18 25
Friday 1 8 15 22 29 5 12 19 26
Saturday 2 9 16 23 30 6 13 20 27
Sunday 3 10 17 24 31 7 14 21 28
September October
Week No. 35 36 37 38 39 39 40 41 42 43 44
Monday 5 12 19 26 3 10 17 24 31
Tuesday 6 13 20 27 4 11 18 25
Wednesday 7 14 21 28 5 12 19 26
Thursday 1 8 15 22 29 6 13 20 27
Friday 2 9 16 23 30 7 14 21 28
Saturday 3 10 17 24 1 8 15 22 29
Sunday 4 11 18 25 2 9 16 23 30
November December
Week No. 44 45 46 47 48 48 49 50 51 52
Monday 7 14 21 28 5 12 19 26
Tuesday 1 8 15 22 29 6 13 20 27
Wednesday 2 9 16 23 30 7 14 21 28
Thursday 3 10 17 24 1 8 15 22 29
Friday 4 11 18 25 2 9 16 23 30
Saturday 5 12 19 26 3 10 17 24 31
Sunday 6 13 20 27 4 11 18 25
CALENDARS 11
12
1
INDIA AN OVERVIEW
Key Data
Economy
Foreign Investment Policy
1 INDIA AN OVERVIEW
India is one of the oldest civilizations with a kaleidoscopic

variety and rich cultural heritage. It has achieved
multifaceted socio-economic progress since gaining
independence in 1947. Covering a landmass of
3,287,590 Square Kilometers extending from the
Himalayan heights to the tropical rain forests of the south.
As the seventh largest and second most populous country
in the world, India stands apart from the rest of Asia.
Bordering with Afghanistan and Pakistan to the
northwest, China, Bhutan and Nepal to the north,
Myanmar to the east and Bangladesh to the east of West
Bengal and Sri Lanka to the south, India is strategically
located.
India is a Sovereign Socialist Democratic Republic with a

federal parliamentary system of government. The
constitutional head of state is the President and head of
government is the Prime Minister. The federal republic is
governed in accordance with the Constitution of India
which came into force on 26th January 1950.
The federal republic consists of twenty-eight states and

seven union territories. The parliament is a bicamental
legislature: the lower house, the Lok Sabha, has 545
members, 543 single-member constituencies and 2
representatives of Anglo-Indians appointed by the
President; and the upper house, the Rajya Sabha, is
elected by the provincial legislatures.
14 INDIA AN OVERVIEW
KEY DATA
Government
Country Name : Republic of India
Head of State : President
Government Type : Federal Republic
Head of Government : Prime Minister
Capital City : New Delhi
Administrative Divisions : 28 States and 7 Union

Territories
Independence : 15th August 1947
Legal System : Based on Constitution of

India
Official Language : English/Hindi
National Language : Hindi
Geography
Geographic Coordinates : 2000N, 7700E
Location : Southern Asia
Total Area : 32,87,590 SqKm
Land Area : 29,73,190 SqKm
Water : 3,14,400 SqKm
Land Use : Arable Land 49.40%

Permanent Crops 3.80%
Others 46.80%
Irrigated Land : 17,97,090 SqKm
Coastline : 7,517 Km
Natural Resources : Coal (world 4th largest)

iron ore, manganese (world
7th largest), mica, bauxite
(world 5th largest), titanium
chromate, natural gas,
diamonds, limestone,
thorium (world largest)
INDIA AN OVERVIEW 15
1 INDIA AN OVERVIEW
Climate Type : Tropical monsoon with four

seasons; winter, summer,
monsoon or rainy season
and post- monsoon season
People
Total Population : 1,270 million
Age Structure : 0 14 years 35.3%

15 59 years 56.9%
60 & above 7.8%
Population Growth Rate : 1.5%
Median Age : Total 26.7 years

Male 26.1 years
Female 27.4 years
Life Expectancy : Total 67.8 years

Male 67.30 years
Female 69.60 years
Urban Population
Delhi : 17.84 million
Mumbai : 18.41 million
Kolkata : 14.11 million
Chennai : 8.92 million
Bangalore : 10.02 million
Ethnic Group : Hindus 80.5%

Muslims 13.4%
Christians 2.3%
Sikhs 1.9%
Buddhists 0.8%
Jains 0.4%
Others 0.6% and
Unspecified 0.1%
Languages : Hindi 41%
Bengali 8.1%
Telugu 7.2%
Marathi 7%
Tamil 5.9%
Urdu 5.2%
Gujarati 4.6%
Kannada 3.8%
Others 17.2%
Literacy (Definition- : Total Population 87.97%

Age 15 and over Male 91.49%
can read and write) Female 84.11%
Population below poverty line : 21.9%
Labour Force : 484.3 million
Labour Force by Occupation : Agriculture 53%

Industry 19%
Services 28%
Unemployment Rate : 3.8%
Economy
Monetary Unit : Indian Rupees (Rs)
Currency Code : INR

Exchange Rate to
British Pound : 101.19 INR
USD : 62.13 INR
Euro : 85.38 INR
Inflation Rate : 8.79%
Fiscal Year : 1 April 31 March
GDP (Purchasing Power : US$ 4.761 trillion

Parity)
1 INDIA AN OVERVIEW
GDP (Official Exchange Rate) : US$ 1.825 trillion
GDP Real Growth Rate : 6.5%
GDP per Capita : US$ 3,900
GDP Composition by Sector : Agriculture 17.4%

Industry 26.1%
Services 56.5%
Trade
Total Exports : US$ 305.96 billion
Major Export Commodities : Goods, Textile goods,

Chemicals,
Gems & Jewellery,
Leather manufactures
Export Partners : US 13.87%,

UAE 13.09%,
Singapore 4.68%,
China 4.52%
Total Imports : US$ 489.32 billion
Major Import Commodities : Crude Oil, Chemicals,

Fertilizer and Gems
Import Partners : China 11.92%,

UAE 8.35%,
Saudi Arabia 6.85%,
USA 5.19%
International Airports : Delhi,
Mumbai,
Bangalore,
Hyderabad,
Chennai,
Kolkata,
Trivandrum,
Cochin,
Ahmedabad,
Guwahati,
Amritsar,
Goa.
Major Seaports : Ennore ,

Kandla,
NhavaSeva,
Mumbai,
Marmagao,
Panambur,
Cochin,
Port Blair,
Tuticorn,
Chennai,
Vizag,
Paradip,
Haldia.
1 INDIA AN OVERVIEW
ECONOMY
The Indian economy has been growing at a rate of 5% per

year. The growth during last year lowered considerably
due to slowdown in the global economy. The growth
recorded at 4.7% at quarter 3 of 2013-2014 which was
marginally lower than 4.8% recorded in quarter 2 of 2013-
2014. Rising inflation, high interest rate and poor
monsoon have resulted in lower growth. The projected
growth rate for 2014-2015 by Reserve Bank of India is
5.8%.
Sectorial GDP Growth

Agriculture and allied Activities Industry Services
10.2 10 9.8
9.4
8.7
7.9 7.9
6.8
4.1
2.6
2.7
1.9
1.2
0.8
0.1
2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13
Source: Central Statistics Office

* Quick Estimates
# Revised Estimates
Contribution to GDP Growth

80 9
70 8
7
60
6
50
5
40
4 Agriculture
30 Industry
3
Services
20 GDP
2
10
1
0 0
2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13

* Quick Estimates
# Revised Estimates
Services Contribution to GDP
100%
Community, social and personal

90% services
80%
Financing, insurance, real estate
and business services
70%
60% Transport, storage and

communication
50%
Trade, hotels and restraunts

40%
30%
Construction
20%
10%
0%
2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13

* Quick Estimates
# Revised Estimates
Following the liberalization policy in 1990, the

Government of India opened up the market through
economic reforms and by easing governmental controls
on foreign trade and investment.
The Indian economy is characterized by a large young

workforce which makes it dynamic and expansive. It is
very diverse, with a wide range of sectors: manufacturing,
handicrafts, textiles and services sectors. The
advancement of information technology and the
abundance of young well educated populace versed in
English, is transforming India into an important
destination for all major international companies for
software development and technical support services.
India is a major exporter of highly-skilled software
professional.
India is also expected to make considerable progress in

other areas such as pharmaceuticals, manufacturing,
tourism, aviation, telecommunications and biotechnology.
Challenges for Indian Economy
Controlling Inflation
Equitable spreading of growth benefits
Completing investment projects which are essential

for the long term development of the economy
Managing the global financial
1 INDIA AN OVERVIEW
FOREIGN INVESTMENT POLICY
The following are some of the highlights of the Foreign
Direct Investment (FDI) Policy in the real estate sector:
100% FDI is allowed in real estate developments of

over 50,000m2
Capital must be brought into India within 6 months

of incorporation of JV or subsidiary
Repatriation of original investment allowed after 3

years
Sale of undeveloped land is not permitted
Minimum area to be developed has been reduced

from 100 to 25 acres for integrated township
projects
Minimum capital investment of wholly owned

subsidiaries and joint ventures stands at
US$ 10 million and US$ 5 million respectively
100% FDI is allowed in single brand retail outlets

and 100% in cash-and-carry through automatic
route
FDI Infrastructure Equity Limit:
Real Estate (Townships) 100%

Roads 100%
Power 100%
Airports 74%
Mining 74%
Telecom 74%
Airlines 74%
Banks (Private) 74%
Insurance 26%
Special Economic Zones (SEZs)
SEZs are specially delineated duty free enclaves for the
purpose of trade, operations, duty and tariffs. A SEZ may
be set-up in the public, private, or joint sector and/or by a
state government. There are about 98 functional SEZs in
the country including those converted from the Export
Processing Zones. SEZs have been developed in various
segments such as multi-products, IT/ITES,
biotechnology, gems and jewellery and technology
intensive areas. The policy allows 100% FDI in most
manufacturing activities. Developments in SEZ qualify for
approval through automatic routes subject to sectorial
norms. Details of the type of activities permitted are
available in the Foreign Trade Policy issued by the
Department of Commerce. Proposals not covered under
the automatic route require approval by the Foreign
Investment Promotion Board (FIPB).
Facilities to SEZ Units
SEZ units may import or procure from the domestic

sources, duty free, all their requirement of capital
goods, raw materials, consumables, office
equipment, etc., for setting up of units or further
operations without any license or specific approval
Goods imported/procured locally duty free could be

utilized over the approval period of five years
100% income tax exemption for the first five years

and 50% for the two years thereafter
100% FDI is allowed in the manufacturing sector in

SEZ units under the automatic route except sectors
requiring an industrial license. 100% FDI is allowed in
items reserved for small scale units
Setting up of offshore banking units is allowed in

SEZs. They would be entitled for 100% income tax
exemption for three years and 50% for the next two
years
1 INDIA AN OVERVIEW
More flexible exchange control regulations for units in

SEZs and for external commercial borrowing up to
US$ 500 million in a year
Exemption from service tax to SEZ units
Breakdown of SEZ by Sector
22% 22%
4%
4%
3%
3%
4%
4%
62%
62%
5%
5%
IT/ITES Biotech
IT/ITES Pharma
Biotech Pharma TextileMultiproductMultiproduct
Textile Others Others
Generally the developments permitted under 100% FDI

are:
1. Export Oriented Units (EOU)
2. Industrial Parks
3. Electronic Hardware Technology Parks
4. Software Technology Park Units
25
26
2
INDIAN CONSTRUCTION
INDUSTRY
Overview
Infrastructure Development
Real Estate Development
Procurement Model And Contract Forms
Challenges Facing Real Estate And
Construction Industry
2 INDIAN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY
OVERVIEW
Construction in India has historical significance and finds
remarkable place in Indian history. World wonders such
as the Taj Mahal and ancient temples are classic
examples of construction achievements in ancient times.
During the period of British rule and post-independence

India, the construction industry was dominated by the
government and this domination continued up to the mid-
1990s. The subsequent change in foreign investment
policies accelerated industrialization, foreign investment
and subsequent demand for buildings and infrastructure.
Indian Construction Industry today is the second largest

economic activity in the country, followed by agriculture.
Construction with linkage to other industries has
generated employment for more than 40 million people in
the country.
The cost structure of the construction industry is

principally dominated by raw material costs and sub-
contracting costs. Raw material cost which is the major
cost component, accounts approximately 30% to 50% of
the total cost and sub-contracting cost accounts
approximately 20% to 40%. The consumption of steel and
cement by the construction industry has also shown an
increase of 16% and 10% respectively between 2002 and
2007. Prior to the global economic crisis, India has
experienced an unprecedented rise in the price of these
two raw materials resulting in a significant increase in the
construction cost trend. However, prices of these two
materials have reduced considerably in 2009 by up to
20% and 25% respectively, resulting in a downward trend
in construction cost. Prices of these two materials started
to increase in early 2010 and current material price
remains volatile.
The construction sector has been contributing around 8%

to India's GDP for the last five years. The planning
commission of India is targeting a double digit growth in
the economy for the 12th Five Year Plan.

A huge growth in infrastructure (an investment of
approximately US$ 1 trillion) is planned during this term
and nearly half of this investment will be contributing to the
construction sector. These investments would be
achieved through a combination of Public and Public-
Private Partnerships.
INDIAN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY 29

INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT
1. Roads
India has 3.3 million kilometres of road out of which 79,243
kilometres comprises national highways. The road network
carries approximately 80% of the total passenger traffic and
65% of total freight traffic. The National Highways Authority of
India (NHAI) is currently implementing an US$ 12 billion
national highway development projects. Some of the major
developments planned by NHAI are:
Six-laning of the Golden Quadrilateral 5,846 kms

connecting Delhi-Kolkata-Chennai-Mumbai and;
Four-laning North-South and East-West Corridors 7,300

kms connecting Kashmir to Kanyakumari including
Salem to Cochin and Silchar to Porbandar; spanning the
length and breadth of the country.
2. Railways
The Indian Railway system is the World's fourth largest rails
network and the largest in Asia. It comprises of over 115,000
track kilometers and runs about 10,000 trains everyday
carrying an estimated 25 million passengers and 2.8 million
tonnes of freights. A large proportion of the capital investment
is proposed to be raised through Public-Private
Partnerships.
3. Ports
Considerable private investment has started flowing into the
Indian port sector. A number of existing facilities have been
taken over by private players and many new facilities have
also been set up at existing ports. Two new ports (Mundra
and Pipavav in Gujarat) have also been constructed by the
private sector.
India currently has 12 major ports and 200

minor/intermediate ports spread across the vast coastline of
7,517 kms. They handle almost 90% of India's total foreign
trade.
The current handling capacity of the ports in the country is

around 600 million tonnes. This has been achieved through
construction of a new port at Ennore and a mechanized coal
handling facility at Paradip.

These two facilities entailed an investment of around US$
394 million.
The government of India has announced a combined US$

110 billion package to develop its ports and ship building
industry by 2020.
4. Airports
India has 126 airports: of these 12 are designated as
international airports. The top 5 airports in the country
handle 70% of the passenger traffic.
The government has embarked on a number of upgrading

and new airport development projects which have been
made available for FDI. Key factors driving airport
development are listed below:
Passenger traffic is projected to grow at a

Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of over
15% in the next 5 years. Expecting 100 million
passengers per annum (p.a) over the next 5 years
Cargo traffic to grow at approximately 20% p.a. over

the next five years
Favourable demographics and rapid economic

growth point to a continued boom in domestic
passenger traffic and international outbound traffic
Indian private airline accounts for around 60% of

the domestic passenger traffic
Estimated investment of about Rs.40,000 Crores

(US$ 9 billion) for airport development over the next
5 years
100% FDI is permissible in existing airports; FDI

beyond 74% requires FIPB approval
100% tax exemption for airport projects for a period

of 10 years

5. Power
India presently has a huge shortfall in power generating
requirements to support the economic and population
growth. Some key features are as follows:
Transmission and Distribution Network of 5.7

million circuit km the 3rd largest in the world
57% of the installed generation capacity comes

from coal-fired plants, followed by 25% from hydro
power, 10% gas based, 3% from nuclear energy
and 5% from renewable sources
100% FDI is permitted in Generation, Transmission

and Distribution
Total investment opportunity of about US$ 200

billion over a seven year horizon

REAL ESTATE DEVELOPMENT
The real estate development in India has grown
considerably since 2003 and peaked in 2007. The sector
development slowed down in 2008 as a result of the
global economic turmoil and showed a drastic slowdown
in the first half of 2009. Faced with reduction in demand,
housing prices dropped drastically. The early 2010
showed a comeback in the property sector and the
outlook for the sector currently looks promising; however
the uncertainties in the global economy may affect the FDI
investments in the real estate sector.
Residential space constitutes of almost about 80% of the

real estate developed in India. The IT/ITES sector and the
organized retail industry would require an estimated
space of 150 million sqft and 200 million sqft respectively
pan-India in the next 2 years. Hospitality sector also
shows similar increase in requirements.
The key demand drivers in the various real estate

segments are:
India's emergence as an attractive off-shoring

destination for software development
Availability of highly skilled manpower
High disposable income and increasing

aspirations for quality residential space
Entry of global brands and professional players
Improvement in infrastructure
Real estate as an investment option
Relaxed government and legal processes

PROCUREMENT MODEL AND CONTRACT
FORMS
In both public and private sectors, most of the
construction projects are procured based on competitive
tendering.
The following are the commonly adopted procurement

routes in India:
1. Conventional Contract based on Bills of

Quantities/Lump Sum
2. Design and Build Contract
3. Construction Management Contract
4. Management Contract
Commonly used contract forms are:
FIDIC suite of Contracts (EPC/Turnkey/Short

Form)
Indian Institute of Architects Forms
Central Public Works Department Forms
Municipal Bodies Forms

CHALLENGES FACING REAL ESTATE AND
CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY
Land Ownership and Title Issues
High Transaction Cost
Slow Approval Process
Liquidity Risk
Property Market Transparency Risk
Supply and Demand on Material and Labour
Shortage of Technical Supervisory/Skilled Labour

36
3
CONSTRUCTION COST DATA
Preambles
Construction Costs For India
Construction Costs For Selected Asian Cities
Construction Costs Specification
Unit Rates Of Major Work
Items For Selected Asian Cities
M&E Costs For Selected Asian Cities
Basic Cost Of Key Materials
Wages Of Key Personnel
3 CONSTRUCTION COST DATA
PREAMBLES
The construction costs for the respective categories given
on the following pages are average costing at 4th Quarter
2013. They are based on interpolation of competitive
tenders received.
The construction cost serves as a guide for preliminary

cost appraisal and budgeting. It must be understood that
the actual cost of building will depend upon the design and
many other factors and may vary from the figures shown.
The costs per square meters are based on construction
floor areas measured to the outside face of the external
walls/external perimeter including lift shafts, stairwells,
plant rooms, water tanks and the like.
All buildings are assumed to have no basements (unless

otherwise stated) and are built on flat ground, with normal
soil conditions and minimal external works. The costs
exclude the following:
Professional fees
Authorities processing and approval charges
Land cost
Financing charges
Administrative expenses
Legal costs and disbursements
Demolition of existing building/s
Loose furniture and fittings
Operating equipment
Cost escalation
Value Added Tax (VAT) and Service Tax

CONSTRUCTION COSTS FOR INDIA
BUILDING TYPE Rs/m2 US $/m2

DOMESTIC
Apartments, high rise,
average standard 29,925 - 34,650 475 - 550
Apartments, high rise, high

end 45,675 - 54,810 725 - 870
Terraced houses, average

standard 20,475 - 22,050 325 - 350
Detached houses, high end 27,090 - 28,665 430 - 455
OFFICE/COMMERCIAL
Medium/high rise offices,
High rise offices, prestige

quality 28,350 - 30,240 450 - 480
Out-of-town shopping centre,

Retail malls, high end 31,500 - 33,075 500 - 525
INDUSTRIAL
Industrial units, shell only

(Conventional single storey
framed units) 17,325 - 20,790 275 - 330
Owner operated factories, low

rise, light weight industry 18,585 - 22,050 295 - 350
HOTELS
Budget hotels - 3-star, mid

42,525 - 47,250 675 - 750
market
66,150 - 78,750 1,050 - 1,250
Business hotels - 4/5-star
84,420 - 92,925 1,340 - 1,475

Luxury hotels - 5-star
Exchange Rate US$1 = Rs. 63/-
CONSTRUCTION COST DATA 39

CONSTRUCTION COSTS FOR INDIA
BUILDING TYPE Rs/m2 US $/m2

OTHERS
230-250
Underground/basement car 14,490 - 15,750 230 - 250
parks (<3 levels)
Multi storey car parks, above 11,340 - 12,600 180-200

180 - 200
ground (<4 levels)
225-250
Schools (primary and 14,175 - 15,750 225 - 250
secondary)
250-280
Sports clubs, multi purpose 31,500 - 33,075 500 - 525
sports/leisure centres (dry
sports) with a/c and including 500-525
FF&E
Students' residences 15,750 - 17,640 250 - 280

550-600
General hospitals - public 34,650 - 37,800 550 - 600
sector
The foregoing construction costs are based on Bangalore.

Cost Indices for Other Major Indian Cities
The construction costs indicated are based on
Bangalore cost. For other major cities, the following %
adjustment factors apply.
CITY +/-%
Mumbai +8
Delhi +5
Kolkata -2
Chennai -1
Hyderabad -1
Pune -1

CONSTRUCTION COSTS FOR SELECTED
ASIAN CITIES
BUILDING TYPE INDIA

DOMESTIC US$ / M2
Apartments, high rise, average standard 475-550

Apartments, high rise, high end 725-870
Terraced houses, average standard 325-350
Detached houses, high end 430-455
OFFICE/COMMERCIAL
Medium/high rise offices, average standard 360-390
High rise offices, prestige quality 450-480
Out-of-town shopping centre, average standard 350-380
Retail malls, high end 500-525
HOTELS
Budget hotels - 3-star, mid market 675-750
Business hotels - 4/5-star 1,050-1,250
Luxury hotels - 5-star 1,340-1,475
INDUSTRIAL
(Conventional single storey framed units) 275-330
Owner operated factories, low rise,
light weight industry 295-350
OTHERS
Underground/basement car parks (<3 levels) 230-250
Multi storey car parks, above ground (<4 levels) 180-200
Schools (primary and secondary) 225-250
Sports clubs, multi purpose sports/leisure centres
(dry sports) with a/c and including FF&E 500-525
Students' residences 250-280
General hospitals - public sector 550-600
Exchange Rate Used : US$1 = Rs. 63/-

KUALA
LUMPUR BANGKOK BRUNEI JAKARTA
US$ / M2 US$ / M2 US$ / M2 US$ / M2
410-610 694-884 804-1,104 640-720

980-1,175 1,010-1,199 993-1,293 880-1,000
285-410 505-631 520-820 340-440
955-1,170 852-1,041 791-1,091 920-1,120
770-885 663-820 804-1,104 630-700

1,110-1,495 884-1,136 1,137-1,437 930-1,040
845-1,095 663-865 780-1,080 540-600
685-825 868-931 1,029-1,329 600-650
1,285-1,775 1,199-1,325 1,520-1,820 1,100-1,300

2,225-2,570 1,515-1,736 2,144-2,444 1,500-1,700
2,475-2,855 1,767-1,893 2,201-2,501 1,600-1,800
410-515 521-631 371-671 290-320
550-615 N/A 505-805 320-350
460-550 568-757 N/A 450-550

270-350 189-316 412-712 290-320
280-320 N/A 603-903 N/A
745-810 N/A 1,622-1,922 1,000-1,500

360-400 N/A 705-1,005 N/A
1,115-1,370 N/A 1823-2,123 N/A
RM3.19 BAHT B$ 1.24 IDR 11,400

ASIAN CITIES
BUILDING TYPE MANILA
DOMESTIC US$ / M2
Apartments, high rise, high end 1,200-1,250
Detached houses, high end 1,300-1,410
OFFICE/COMMERCIAL
High rise offices, prestige quality 1,280-1,390
Retail malls, high end 1,100-1,140
HOTELS
Budget hotels - 3-star, mid market 1,200-1,350
INDUSTRIAL
light weight industry 490-510
OTHERS

(dry sports) with a/c and including FF&E 1,200-1,450
General hospitals - public sector 1,350-1,500
Exchange Rate Used : US$1 = PHP 43.2

SINGAPORE HONG KONG BEIJING** SHANGHAI**
2 2 2
US$ / M US$ / M US$ / M US$ / M2
1,560-1,760 2,880-3,420 670-735 735-815
2,360-3,520 3,900-4,550 1,650-1,875 1,795-1,960
2,000-2,240 3,950-4,600 490-570 490-525
2,520-3,360 5,300-5,850 735-815 735-815
2,000-2,200* 2,880-3,420 980-1,305 980-1,305

2,200-2,440* 3,630-4,400 1,305-1,630 1,305-1,630
2,200-2,360 2,880-3,420 735-980 N/A
2,360-2,600 3,950-4,550 1,305-1,795 1,385-1,795
2,480-2,680 3,750-4,000 1,060-1,305 1,060-1,305

3,160-3,600 3,950-4,550 1,795-2,285 1,795-2,445
3,160-3,600 4,550-5,250 2,285-2,935 2,445-2,935
840-1,080 N/A 570-655 570-655
N/A 2,220-2,780 N/A N/A
1,080-1,480 2,120-2,630 735-815 815-1,140

760-1,080 1,260-1,470 410-490 410-570
N/A 2,450-2,600 570-735 570-735
2,280-2,440 3,550-4,050 980-1,305 1,060-1,305

1,840-2,000 2,050-4,450 410-570 410-570
3,160-3,320 4,850-5,450 1,305-1,630 1,630-2,120
S$ 1.25 HK$7.80 RMB 6.13 RMB 6.13
** Detached houses and bungalows and terraced houses are build to shell
and core only. Rates are exclusive of contingencies.

ASIAN CITIES
BUILDING TYPE SHENZHEN /

GUANGZHOU**
DOMESTIC US$ / M2
Apartments, high rise, high end 935-1,035
Detached houses, high end 580-640
OFFICE/COMMERCIAL
HOTELS
INDUSTRIAL
light weight industry N/A
OTHERS
(dry sports) with a/c and including FF&E 800-885
General hospitals - public sector N/A
Exchange Rate Used : US$1 = RMB 6.13

CHONGQING /
SHENYANG** DALIAN** MACAU
CHENGDU**
US$ / M2 US$ / M2 US$ / M2 US$ / M2
540-685 570-655 620-720 1,880-2,300
865-1,140 945-1,060 1,175-1,290 2,620-4,010
425-520 425-490 455-520 3,220-3,830
585-685 570-620 620-685 3,920-5,260
895-1,060 895-980 930-995 2,170-2,800

1,140-1,550 1,225-1,385 1,270-1,340 2,800-3,070
700-915 735-815 815-915 2,040-3,070
1,225-1,630 1,225-1,385 1,255-1,420 3,220-3,950
1,060-1,305 1,075-1,190 1,110-1,205 2,880-3,270

1,960-2,445 1,630-2,120 1,875-2,120 3,920-4,760
N/A N/A N/A 4,760-6,010
490-655 N/A N/A N/A
N/A N/A N/A N/A
N/A 620-685 N/A 1,560-1,880

375-440 375-410 390-410 950-1,280
N/A N/A N/A 1,880-2,250
N/A N/A N/A N/A

N/A N/A N/A 1,500-1,750
N/A N/A N/A N/A
RMB 6.13 RMB 6.13 RMB 6.13 MOP 7.99

ASIAN CITIES
BUILDING TYPE SEOUL
DOMESTIC US$ / M2
Apartments, high rise, average standard 1,225-1,500
Apartments, high rise, high end 1,500-1,815
Terraced houses, average standard N/A
Detached houses, high end 2,260-3,450
OFFICE/COMMERCIAL
Medium/high rise offices, average standard 1,180-1,540
Out-of-town shopping centre, average standard 1,135-1,770
HOTELS
INDUSTRIAL
light weight industry N/A
OTHERS
Underground/basement car parks (<3 levels) 970-1,025
Schools (primary and secondary) 1,810-1,930
(dry sports) with a/c and including FF&E 1,470-1,540
Students' residences 1,080-1,150
General hospitals - public sector N/A
Exchange Rate Used : US$1 =

HO CHI MINH
US$ / M2
580-700
745-875
385-445
455-555
690-810
800-1050
500-600
650-850
1,000-1,300
1,300-1,500
1,650-1,900
350-460
350-460
580-680
330-395
435-460
695-775
455-580
NA
VND 21,120

50
Notes :
1. The costs for the respective categories given above are averages based on fixed price competitive tenders. It must be understood that the actual cost of a
building will depend upon the design and many other factors and may vary from the figures shown.
2. The costs per square metre are based on Construction Floor Areas (CFA) measured to the outside face of the external walls / external perimeter including lift
shafts, stairwells, balconies, plant rooms, water tanks and the like.
3. All bulidings are assumed to have no basements (except otherwise stated) and are built on flat ground, with normal soil and site condition. The cost excludes
site formation works, external works, land cost, professional fees, finance and legal expenses.
4. The standard for each category of building varies from region to region and do not necessary follow that of each other.
5. All costs are in US$/m2 CFA. Fluctuation in exchange rates may lead to changes in construction costs expressed in U.S. dollars.
Additional Notes:
Singapore Rates are nett of GST and exclusive of contingencies* Includes raised floor and ceiling to tenanted areas but excludes office carpets
(normally under tenant's fit-out)** Open on all sides with parapet
Beijing Houses are built to shell and core standard ONLY, where all tenant or occupant areas are unfurnished. Rates are exclusive of contingencies
Shanghai Houses are built to shell and core standard ONLY, where all tenant or occupant areas are unfurnished. Rates are exclusive of contingencies
GuangZhou/ShenZhen Houses are built to shell and core standard ONLY, where all tenant or occupant areas are unfurnished. Rates are exclusive of contingencies
ChongQing/Chengdu Houses are built to shell and core standard ONLY, where all tenant or occupant areas are unfurnished. Rates are exclusive of contingencies
Shenyang Houses are built to shell and core standard ONLY, where all tenant or occupant areas are unfurnished. Rates are exclusive of contingencies
Dalian Houses are built to shell and core standard ONLY, where all tenant or occupant areas are unfurnished. Rates are exclusive of contingencies
Hong Kong Rates are exclusive of contingencies
Macau Rates are exclusive of contingencies and any management contract fee

India Rates are based on projects in Bangalore and are nett of VAT and Service Tax. Mumbai costs are generally 8% higher.
Ho Chi Minh Rates are nett of VAT and contingencies
Manila Rates are exclusive of contingencies and include 12% VAT
Bangkok Rates are nett of VAT and contingencies
Jakarta Rates are nett of VAT
Seoul Rates are nett of VAT and exclusive of contingencies

51
CONSTRUCTION COSTS SPECIFICATION
BUILDING TYPE
DOMESTIC
Apartments, high rise, average standard
Apartments, high rise, high end
Terraced houses, average standard
Detached houses, high end
OFFICE/COMMERCIAL
Medium/high rise offices, average standard
High rise offices, prestige quality
Out-of-town shopping centre, average standard
Retail malls, high end
INDUSTRIAL

(Conventional single storey framed units)
Owner operated factories, low rise, light weight industry
HOTELS
Budget hotels - 3-star, mid market
Business hotels - 4/5-star
Luxury hotels - 5-star

OUTLINE SPECIFICATION
Apartment units with fit-out, including air-conditioning, kitchen

cabinets and home appliances, but excluding decorative light
fittings and loose furniture
Apartment units with good quality fit-out, including air-

conditioning, kitchen cabinets and home appliances, but
excluding decorative light fittings and loose furniture
Houses with fit-out, including air-conditioning, kitchen cabinets

and home appliances, but excluding decorative light fittings,
loose furniture, garden and parking
Houses with good quality fit-out, including air-conditioning,

kitchen cabinets and home appliances, but excluding
decorative light fittings, loose furniture, garden and parking
RC structure, curtain wall, including public area fit-out, tenant

area with raised floor/carpet, painted wall and false ceiling
Including public area fit-out and M&E, but excluding shop fit-out
RC structure with steel roof and M&E to main distribution, but

excluding a/c, heating and lighting
RC structure, including small office with simple fit-out and M&E,

but excluding a/c and heating
1) Interior decoration
2) Furniture (fixed and movable)
3) Special light fittings (chandeliers, etc.)
4) Operating Supplies and Equipment (OS&E) excluded

CONSTRUCTION COST SPECIFICATION
BUILDING TYPE
OTHERS
Underground/basement car parks (<3 levels)
Multi storey car parks, above ground (<4 levels)
Schools (primary and secondary)
Students' residences
Sports clubs, multi purpose sports/leisure centres (dry sports)

with a/c and including FF&E
General hospitals - public sector

OUTLINE SPECIFICATION
RC structure, natural ventilaion, no facade enclosure
RC structure with steel roof and M&E to main distribution but

excluding a/c, heating and lighting
Including fit-out, loose furniture and a/c
Dry sports (no swimming pool) and are for 'leisure centre'
type schemes including main sports hall, ancillary sports
facilities, changing and showers, restaurant / cafe, bar, etc.
Costs include Furniture, Fittings and Equipment (FF&E).
Excluding medical and operating equipment
Notes :
1. The costs for the respective categories given above are averages
based on fixed price competitive tenders. It must be understood that the
actual cost of a building will depend upon the design and many other
factors and may vary from the figures shown.
2. The costs per square metre are based on construction Floor Areas
(CFA) measured to the outside face of the external walls / external
perimeter including lift shafts, stairwells, balconies, plant rooms, water
tanks and the like.
3. All buildings are assumed to have no basements (except otherwise

stated) and are built on flat ground, with normal soil and site condition.
The cost excludes site formation works, external works, land cost,
professional fees, finance and legal expenses.
4. The standard for each category of building varies from region to

region and do not necessary follow that of each other.
5. All costs are in US$/m2 CFA. Fluctuation in exchange rates may lead
to changes in construction costs expressed in U.S. dollars.

UNIT RATES OF MAJOR WORK ITEMS FOR
SELECTED ASIAN CITIES
DESCRIPTION
1. Excavating basement not exceeding 2m deep
2. Excavating for footings not exceeding 1.5m deep
3. Remove excavated materials off site
4. Hardcore bed blinded with fine materials
5. Mass concrete grade 15
6. Reinforced concrete grade 30
7. Mild steel rod reinforcement
8. High tensile rod reinforcement
9. Sawn formwork to soffits of suspended slabs
10. Sawn formwork to columns and walls
11. 112.5mm thick brick walls
12. "Kliplok Colorbond" 0.64mm profiled steel sheeting
13. Aluminium casement windows, single glazed
14. Structural steelwork - beams, stanchions and the like
15. Steelwork - angles, channels, flats and the like
16. 25mm Cement and sand (1:3) paving
17. 20mm Cement and sand (1:4) plaster to walls
18. Ceramic tiles bedded to floor screed (m/s)
19. 12mm fibrous plasterboard ceiling lining
20. Two coats of emulsion paint to plastered surfaces
Average expected preliminaries
Additional Notes:

KUALA
INDIA@ BANGKOK#
LUMPUR
Unit INR RM BAHT
m3 145 18 - 22 150
m3 165 18 - 22 150
m3 NA 20 - 25 120
m3 3450 60 - 70 600
m3 4750 270 - 290 2,200
m3 5600 270 - 300 2,700
kg 61 3.70 - 4.20 28.50
kg 63 3.70 - 4.20 27.50
m2 525 40 - 50 480
m2 550 40 - 50 480
m2 810 40 - 50 850
m2 1250 55 - 60 1,200
m2 4800 350 - 500 7,000
kg 95 6.50 - 800 55
kg 95 6.50 - 8.00 55
m2 360 18 - 25 200
m2 295 18 - 25 200
m2 1250 50 - 70 1,200
m2 950 30 - 45 800
m2 160 3.50 - 4.50 180
% 7-11 6 - 12 1217
Kuala Lumpur -nil-

Bangkok Rates are nett of VAT
India All rates above are Supply & Fix based on
projects in Bangalore and are nett of VAT and
Service Tax. Mumbai costs are generally 8%
higher.

DESCRIPTION

BRUNEI JAKARTA# MANILA
Unit B$ RP 000 PHP
m3 3.60 30 350
m3 3.20 40 275
m3 3.00 35 250
m3 43.00 330 3,000
m3 124.00 900 3,800
m3 130.00 1,050 5,000
kg 1.10 12 47
kg 1.10 12 48
m2 15.00 150 850
m2 15.00 150 800
m2 17.50 150 N/A
m2 58.00 220 900
m2 160-210 1,100 9,000
kg 3.50 25 110
kg 3.20 25 100
m2 9.00 55 350
m2 8.00 65 350
m2 30.00 140 1,200
m2 26.00 130 1,300
m2 5.00 25 400
% 5-8 6-10 8-15
Brunei -nil-
Jakarta Rates are nett of VAT
Item 19 - 9mm gymsum board
Manila Item 13 - Aluminium with anodized finish; 6mm thick

DESCRIPTION

SINGAPORE** HONG KONG
Unit S$ HK$
m3 16.50 170
m3 16.50 160
m3 45.00-50.00 230
m3 50.00 800
m3 202.00 1,000
m3 155.00-170.00 1,200
kg 1.60-1.75 10.20
kg 1.60-1.75 10.20
m2 40.00-45.00 320
m2 40.00-45.00 320
m2 30.00-35.00 300
m2 43.00 800
m2 290.00 2,500
kg 4.80-5.80 33
kg 4.80-5.80 35
m2 11.00 120
m2 15.50 130
m2 65.50 330
m2 30.00 500
m2 3.50-4.00 50
% 13-17 10-15
Singapore Rates are nett of GST

Item 5 - Rate for lean concrete blinding
Hong Kong Item 3 - Rate including dumping charges

DESCRIPTION

BEIJING SHENZHEN/
SHANGHAI GUANG-ZHOU
Unit RMB RMB RMB
m3 22 30 25
m3 27 25 20
m3 33 105 68
m3 155 168 170
m3 525 400 450
m3 571 500 500
kg 5.10 5.00 6.00
kg 5.10 5.00 6.00
m2 68 70 55
m2 58 70 55
m2 70 80## 60
m2 N/A N/A N/A
m2 780+ 650 550
kg 11 12.00 10
kg 10 10.00 10.00
m2 25 35 20
m2 26 28 20
m2 130 160 130
m2 150 170 180
m2 32 35 25
% 8-10 3-8 5-10
Shanghai Item 11 - Rate for 120mm thick concrete block

walls
Guangzhou/Shenzhen -nil-
Beijing, Chongqing Item 13 - rate for double glazed window
/Chengdu, Shenyang,
Dalian

DESCRIPTION

CHONGQING /
CHENGDU SHENYANG DALIAN
Unit RMB RMB RMB
m3 18 22 28
m3 40 25 33
m3 45 35 30
m3 130 150 170
m3 360 410 420
m3 400 500 500
kg 5.50 5.70 5.70
kg 5.50 5.50 5.70
m2 65 80 82
m2 65 80 82
m2 50 70 70
m2 N/A N/A N/A
m2 750+ 700 700+
kg 10 11 12
kg 10.00 11.32 12.00
m2 28 25 37
m2 22 26 40
m2 130 165 140
m2 150 120 140
m2 30 30 32
% 5-10 5-10 5-10
Beijing, Chongqing Item 13 - rate for double glazed window

/Chengdu, Shenyang,
Dalian

DESCRIPTION

MACAU SEOUL*
Unit RMB KRW
m3 110 1,850
m3 130 1,850
m3 80 9,700
m3 850 28,500
m3 1,000 62,400
m3 1,050 75,500
kg 10.00 1,120
kg 10.00 1,145
m2 250 25,200
m2 250 25,200
m2 280 43,000
m2 N/A 37,900
m2 2,100 310,000
kg 35 1,450
kg 35 1,500
m2 100 3,050
m2 120 8,500
m2 500 63,000
m2 450 25,500
m2 120 7,750
% 6-12 6-11
Macau -nil-
Seoul Rates include labour costs and are nett of
VAT

DESCRIPTION

HO CHI MINH^
Unit VND
m3 64,000 - 70,000
m3 70,000 - 77,000
m3 66,000 - 72,000
m3 330,000 - 365,000
m3 1,315,000 - 1,500,000
m3 1,730,000 - 1,900,000
kg 21,000 - 23,200
kg 21,000 - 22,900
m2 178,000 - 195,000
m2 225,000 - 250,000
m2 164,000 - 175,000
m2 475,000 - 520,000
m2 2,550,000 - 2,800,000
kg 29,800 - 33,000
kg 33,000 - 36.200
m2 51,000 - 55,000
m2 70,000 - 77,000
m2 230,000 - 255,000
m2 298,000 - 625,000
m2 67,000 - 72,000
% 8-12
Ho Chi Minh Rates are nett of VAT

M&E COSTS FOR SELECTED ASIAN CITIES
INDIA
DESCRIPTION INR/m2
MECHANICAL SERVICES
Offices 3,800-5,400
Industrial* 1,750-3,100
Hotels 4,750-5,200
Shopping Centres 3,700-4,850
Apartment 2,100-2,650
ELECTRICAL SERVICES
Offices 3,400-4,750
Industrial** 2,000-3,350
Hotels 3,800-5,200
HYDRAULIC SERVICES
Offices 600-900
Industrial 400-700
Hotels 3,200-4,800
Shopping Centres 875-1,600
FIRE SERVICES
Offices 950-1,250
Industrial 450-600
Hotels 1,100-1,400
Apartment 500-600
LIFTS/ESCALATORS
Offices 750-950
Industrial 500-650
Hotels 1,100-1,600
Apartment 700-900
Costs are at 4th Quarter 2013 levels, exclusive of contingencies
unless otherwise stated
Note: * Generally without A/C ** Excludes special power supply
India All rates above are supply & fix based on projects in Bangalore & are
nett of VAT & Service Tax. Mumbai Costs are generally 8% higher.

KUALA
LUMPUR
BANGKOK## BRUNEI JAKARTA#
2
RM/m 2
BAHT/m 2
B$/m RP'000/m2
355-460 4,500-4,900 181-226 780-920

60-90 1,550-1,590 23-39 240-560
285-460 4,800-5,200 292-336 780-1050
285-410 4,600-4,900 207-246 690-830
205-290 4,500-4,600 214-246 690-900
225-465 3,300-3,500 233-292 630-840

140-157 1,950-2,090 194-233 350-550
260-600 3,850-4,350 292-381 630-890
200-275 2,600-3,050 221-317 550-700
85-215 2,990-3,520 252-317 630-840
25-55 790-950 16-39 150-230

36-45 750-790 11-19 90-160
175-240 1,500-1,750 61-84 630-910
25-30 810-950 12-41 150-230
18-45 1,205-1,420 38-60 630-900
60-80 790-860 32-39 210-310

45-65 730-750 12-19 90-160
65-95 790-890 26-49 210-310
65-86 790-850 32-66 210-250
20-25 790-890 26-52 210-250
88-400 1,100-1,150 9-32 330-900

54-190 N/A 4-19 N/A
85-370 1,100-1,190 12-45 330-840
85-110 230-490 12-36 250-670
63-105 500-580 11-26 320-670
Brunei -nil-
Bangkok Based upon nett enclosed area and nett of VAT
Jakarta All rates are nett of VAT. Rates for Electrical Services are excluding
genset. Rates for Hydraulic Services are excluding STP. Rates for
Mechanical Services refers to ACMV Rates only

MANILA
DESCRIPTION PHP/m2
MECHANICAL SERVICES
Offices 3,000-4,300
Industrial* 650-1,500
Hotels 3,000-6,500
Apartment 600-3,000
ELECTRICAL SERVICES
Offices 3,300-6,000
Industrial** 2,000-3,500
Hotels 4,700-9,000
HYDRAULIC SERVICES
Offices 900-2,000
Industrial 700-1,300
Hotels 1,950-4,000
FIRE SERVICES
Offices 650-1,200
Industrial 600-900
Hotels 650-1,100
Shopping Centres 550 -900
Apartment 600-1,300
LIFTS/ESCALATORS
Offices 1,600-2,900
Industrial N/A
Hotels 1,800-3,000
Apartment 800-1,800
Manila Transformer, included in Electrical Services

SINGAPORE* HONG-KONG BEIJING SHANGHAI
2 2
S$/m HK$/m RMB/m 2
RMB/m2
180-290 1,800-2,500 760-1,000 761-966

35-130 100-200 170-280 173-289
150-325 2,000-2,500 910-1,110 971-1,265
170-285 2,100-2,600 790-950 1,050-1,103
100-190 750-1,550 140-380 310-410
175-280 1,550-2,300 460-670 593-651

55-145 550-800 320-450 305-431
200-385 1,800-2,500 705-898 651-830
170-330 1,700-2,300 481-663 520-651
110-250 1,000-1,550 253-386 252-368
30-60 350-450 95-140 110-163

20-40 200-300 95-140 89-131
100-195 900-1,200 370-480 368-488
50-90 350-450 140-200 137-184
80-160 650-1,000 170-230 168-226
35-60 500-650 180-265 220-300

25-55 300-400 150-225 150-250
30-60 500-700 220-375 280-380
40-60 500-650 220-375 250-380
25-55 100-150 70-135 50-100
70-180 700-1,200 294-577 280-550

45-115 550-750 145-400 135-390
55-120 550-850 232-520 220-495
60-100 850-1,000 327-520 325-495
45-125 450-850 175-289 165-325
Singapore Rates are nett of GST

SHENZHEN/
GUANG-ZHOU
DESCRIPTION RMB/m2
MECHANICAL SERVICES
Offices 715-970
Industrial* 140-250
Hotels 1,000-1,250
Shopping Centres 660-890
Apartment 115-355
ELECTRICAL SERVICES
Offices 495-715
Industrial** 285-415
Hotels 635-855
Apartment 260-415
HYDRAULIC SERVICES
Offices 115-155
Industrial 80-105
Hotels 365-460
Apartment 135-240
FIRE SERVICES
Offices 210-325
Industrial 130-250
Hotels 260-386
Apartment 60-115
LIFTS/ESCALATORS
Offices 275-450
Industrial 140-405
Hotels 225-435
Apartment 114-250


MACAU CHONGQING / SHENYANG DALIAN
CHENGDU
2
MOP/m RMB/m 2
RMB/m 2
RMB/m2
N/A 700-1,000 600-700 600-700

N/A 150-250 N/A N/A
2,100- 2,500 750-1,200 700-800 700-800
1,800-2,400 600-1,000 600-900 600-700
650-800 100-300 100-300 100-300
N/A 450-700 450-650 470-690

N/A 300-400 N/A N/A
2,100-2,500 550-800 700-900 720-920
2,100-2,300 450-700 500-600 520-620
750-1,000 250-350 300-400 220-320
N/A 70-130 30-120 70-120

N/A 70-120 N/A N/A
1,000-1,200 300-400 200-300 200-300
350-450 70-130 120-170 120-170
650-800 120-200 100-200 100-150
N/A 180-250 150-230 150-230

N/A 150-250 N/A N/A
700-900 200-330 130-230 150-230
500-600 220-330 50-150 150-200
150-200 50-100 50-130 60-150
N/A 350-600 300-550 300-550

N/A 150-350 N/A N/A
600-800 300-500 300-500 250-350
450-700 300-450 140-230 150-250
450-600 140-250 120-250 120-200

DESCRIPTION
MECHANICAL SERVICES
Offices
Industrial*
Hotels
Shopping Centres
Apartment
ELECTRICAL SERVICES
Offices
Industrial**
Hotels
Shopping Centres
Apartment
HYDRAULIC SERVICES
Offices
Industrial
Hotels
Shopping Centres
Apartment
FIRE SERVICES
Offices
Industrial
Hotels
Shopping Centres
Apartment
LIFTS/ESCALATORS
Offices
Industrial
Hotels
Shopping Centres
Apartment


SEOUL* HO CHI MINH
KRW/m 2
VND/m2
219,000-290,000 1,665,000 -2,373,000

91,000-159,000 N/A
210,000-340,000 N/A
148,000-245,000 N/A
94,000-173,000 1,330,000 - 1,822,000
270,000-395,000 2,005,000 -2,390,000

125,000-165,000 N/A
375,000-490,000 N/A
215,000-250,000 N/A
140,000-180,000 1,768,000- 2,233,000
33,000-57,000 275,000 - 524,000

21,000-32,000 N/A
70,000-110,000 N/A
28,000-57,000 N/A
49,000-75,000 536,000 - 534,000
42,000-68,000 645,000 - 1,070,000

28,000-32,000 N/A
58,000-91,000 N/A
44,000-72,000 N/A
33,000-68,000 440,000- 554,000
49,000-64,000 590,000- 1,125,000

16,000-25,000 N/A
118,000-175,000 N/A
59,000-84,000 1,200,000 - 1,700,000
29,000-41,000 670,000- 970,000
Seoul Rates include labour cost & are nett of VAT

Ho Chi Minh Rates are nett of VAT

BASIC COST OF KEY MATERIALS
MATERIAL UNIT RATE*

[Rs]
Reinforcement Steel MT 47,500**
Ordinary Portland Cement Bag 290***
20mm Aggregate m3 935
Sand m3 2,120
Shuttering Plywood m2 700
200mm Solid Concrete Block No 38

(400mm x 200mm x 200mm)
100mm Solid Concrete Block No 24

(400mm x 200mm x 100mm)
200mm Hollow Concrete Block No 34

(400mm x 200mm x 200mm)
100mm Hollow Concrete Block No 22

(400mm x 200mm x 100mm)
Teak Wood m3 98,900
Sal Wood m3 42,500
Vitrified Tiles m2 550 - 700
Ceramic Tiles m2 430 - 595
Emulsion Paint Ltr 240
* Material rates are nett of VAT

** Average of 4th Quarter 2013 for primary
manufacturer
*** Average of 4th Quarter 2013

The prices of reinforcement steel and cement are highly
volatile and fluctuate very frequently. The charts below
provide the price variation of these two materials from
January 2013 to December 2013.

80
50,000
48,000
45,000
44,000
Rs. /MT
42,000
40,000
Basic Rate January'13 Feburary'13 March'13 April'13 May'13 June'13 July'13 August'13 September'13 October'13 November'13 December'13
8mm 41,000 44,755 44,755 44,378 44,000 44,625 43,575 44,625 45,150 45,675 44,100 41,000 42,000
10mm 41,000 43,967 43,968 43,884 43,800 43,838 43,365 44,126 44,507 44,888 43,312 40,800 41,800
12mm 41,000 43,180 43,705 43,753 43,800 43,050 43,365 43,733 43,917 44,100 42,525 40,800 41,800
16mm 41,000 43,180 43,705 43,753 43,800 43,050 43,365 43,733 43,917 44,100 42,525 40,800 41,800
20mm 41,000 43,180 43,705 43,753 43,800 43,050 43,365 43,733 43,917 44,100 42,525 40,800 42,100
25mm 41,000 43,180 43,705 43,753 43,800 43,050 43,365 43,733 43,917 44,100 42,525 40,800 42,100

32mm 41,000 43,180 43,705 44,103 44,500 43,050 44,100 44,400 44,650 44,100 42,525 41,500 42,655
Rs. / 50kg Bag
Rs. /MT
-
Rs. / 50kg Bag Rs. /MT

WAGES OF KEY PERSONNEL
RATE/DAY
PERSONNEL
[Rs]
Skilled Mason 500
Semi-Skilled Mason 400
Tilling Mason 600
Bar Bender 550
Carpenter 600
Painter 550
Welder 550
Electrician 550
Plumber 550
Unskilled Labour 300

83
84
OTHER INFORMATION
4
Conversion Factors
IDD Codes & Time Differences
Relevant Websites
Exchange Rates
4 OTHER INFORMATION
CONVERSION FACTORS
UNIT
86 OTHER INFORMATION
TO METRIC TO IMPERIAL
(APPROX) (APPROX)
OTHER INFORMATION 87
4 OTHER INFORMATION
IDD CODES & TIME DIFFERENCES
IDD TIME
DESTINATION COUNTRY DIFFERENCE
CODE (HOURS)*
IDD TIME
DESTINATION COUNTRY DIFFERENCE
CODE (HOURS)*
4 OTHER INFORMATION
RELEVANT WEBSITES
Government of India
Government of India Directory
Ministry of Finance
Ministry of Commerce & Industry
Ministry of Statistics & Programme Implementation
Ministry of Law & Justice
Ministry of Labour
Ministry of Home Affairs(MHA)
Ministry of External Affairs
Ministry of Urban Development
Office of Economic Advisor
Central Public Works Department
Supreme Court of India
Government Bodies
Reserve Bank of India
Bureau of India Standards
Insurance Regulatory & Development Authority
Construction Related Organisations

The Institution of Engineers
The Indian Institution of Valuers
The Indian Institute of Architects
Construction Industry Development Council
Others
National Stock Exchange of India Ltd.
Bombay Stock Exchange Limited
Langdon & Seah
Arcadis
EC Harris
http://goidirectory.nic.in/
http://finmin.nic.in
http://dipp.nic.in
http://mospi.gov.in
http://lawmin.nic.in
http://labour.nic.in
http://mha.nic.in
http://meaindia.nic.in
http://urbanindia.nic.in
http://eaindustry.nic.in
http://www.cpwd.gov.in
http://supremecourtofindia.nic.in
http://rbi.org.in
http://bis.org.in
http://irdaindia.org
http://ieindia.org
http://iivindia.org
http://iia-india.org
http://cidc.in
http://nseindia.com
http://bseindia.com
www.langdonseah.com
www.arcadis.com
www.echarris.com
4 OTHER INFORMATION
EXCHANGE RATES
Appropriate current rates at end of December 2013
COUNTRY PER UNIT INR
55.63
10.24
85.38
8.01
0.60
0.06
19.22
1.41
2.10
1.94
101.19
62.13
93
94
5
LANGDON & SEAH
L&S Culture
Directory Of Offices
96
L & S CULTURE
Long Established History, Emphasis on Teamwork and collaboration, Professional, Integrity and Quality Service Oriented, investment on research
and Development, Encourage Continuous Learning and Professional Development, Client Focus
OUR VALUES
QUALITY POLICY STATEMENT
OUR MISSION We are Ambassadors of L&S
To provide our Clients with a
Duty to act with the Highest Levels of Integrity, Respect
service of excellence through our
and Honesty, Impartiality & Independency, Utmost
expertise & experience
To deliver World Class construction cost Professionalism
management , project management & To play a positive & creative role in
consultancy services which through Delivery success for L&S with the commitment and
realising our Client's needs and in
teamwork and collaboration, Make a respect to our stakeholders, management and fellow
meeting requirements to their
members of staff
5 LANGDON & SEAH
measurable difference to our Clients , satisfactions

maximising value for money and security
of objective Service Excellence
To manage & control each & every
Service of Excellence through our expertise and
process with the highest integrity,
OUR VISION experience, innovations and collaboration, team work &
impartiality & Independency
lateral service realising our Client's needs
Construction Consultancy providing To systematically view Clients
integrated solutions rather than individual Employment Excellence
feedback and internal process,
service lines and standing out from our Equal opportunity, Diversity, Recognition of Human
through continual improvement
competitors Capital as our vital asset and investment, Professional
strategies to ensure success in our
Development & Continual Learning
service excellence
Sustainable Responsibility
To further develop & bring about
Duty to the communities, country and the environment
opportunities for professional
in which we live and work
LANGDON & SEAH

development in core skills of our staff
DIRECTORY OF OFFICES
INDIA
BANGALORE
LANGDON & SEAH CONSULTING INDIA PVT LTD
2nd Floor, Esquire Center
No.9, M.G Road
Bangalore 560 008, India
GPS : 12.973, 77.616
Tel : (00 91 80) 4123 9141
Fax : (00 91 80) 4123 8922
Email : info@in.LangdonSeah.com
Contact : Gary Miles / Velan Murali / Biju AK
CHENNAI
New No.20 West Cott Road
Royapettah
Chennai 600 014, India
GPS : 13.055, 80.265
Tel : (00 91 44) 2855 3137
Fax : (00 91 44) 2855 0141
Contact : Gary Miles / Sankar Ramakrishnan
DELHI
LANGDON & SEAH CONSULTING INDIA PVT. LTD
The Elements
2nd Floor, Unit No.465, Udyog Vihar,
Phase-V
Gurgaon, Haryana 122 016 India
GPS : 28.5012, 77.085
Tel : (00 91 124) 430 8790
Fax : (00 91 124) 430 8793
Contact : Gary Miles / Arun Basu
LANGDON & SEAH 97

5 LANGDON & SEAH
HYDERABAD
2nd Floor, Trade Fair Office
Hitex Exhibition Center
Izzat Nagar, Hyderabad 500 084, India
GPS : 17.475, 78.375
Tel : (00 91 40) 2311 4942
Fax : (00 91 40) 2311 2942
Contact :Gary Miles / Bhoomeshwar Rao
PUNE
City Survey No 804 / B,
Bhandarkar Institute Road,
Lane No-14.Pune 411004 (Near Skoda Show room),
Maharashtra - INDIA
GPS : -
Tel : (00 91 20) 256504171 / 25650419
Fax : N/A
Contact : Gary Miles / Darshan Joshi
MUMBAI
Unit No.103, First Floor
Akruti SMC, Khopat Junction
Near Khopat Bus Depot
Thane (West) 400601
Maharashtra, India
GPS : 19.1988, 72.9756
Tel : (00 91 22) 3933 5555
Fax : (00 91 22) 3933 3956
Contact : Gary Miles / Darshan Joshi
98 LANGDON & SEAH

INDONESIA
BALI
P.T. LANGDON & SEAH INDONESIA
Jalan Sunset Road No 8C
LingkunganAbian Base
Bali 80361, Indonesia
GPS : 8.7046, 115.1520
Tel : (00 62 361) 894 7517
Fax : (00 62 361) 894 7392
Email : lsbali@id.LangdonSeah.com
Contact : Ir. Putu Arya Canti
JAKARTA
P.T. LANGDON & SEAH INDONESIA

Level 18, Ratu Plaza Office Tower
JalanJenderalSudirman 9
Jakarta 10270, Indonesia
GPS : 6.2271, 106.8008
Tel : (00 62 21) 739 7550
Fax : (00 62 21) 739 7846
Email : lsjkt@id.LangdonSeah.com
Contact : Peter Robinson / Stephen Osborne
KOREA
SEOUL
LANGDON & SEAH KOREA CO LTD
#429 G-Five, Central Plaza
1685-8 Seocho 4-Dong,
Seocho-Gu, Seoul
Korea 137-882
GPS : 37.4953, 127.0164
Tel : (00 82 2) 543 3888
Fax : (00 82 2) 543 3898
Email : info @kr.LangdonSeah.com
Contact : Victor Stanger
LANGDON & SEAH 99

5 LANGDON & SEAH
PHILIPPINES
MANILA
LANGDON &SEAH PHILIPPINES INC
4th & 7th Floor, Kings Court 1
2129 Pasong Tamo,
Makati City 1231
Philippines
GPS : 14.5576, 121.0135
Tel : (00 63 2) 811 2971
Fax : (00 63 2) 811 2071
Email : manila@ph.LangdonSeah.com
Contact : Alan Philip Hearn
SINGAPORE
LANGDON & SEAH SINGAPORE PTE LTD

LANGDON & SEAH PROJECT MANAGEMENT PTE
LTD
L&S CONTRACT ADVISORY & DISPUTE
MANAGEMENT SERVICES PTE LTD
1 Magazine Road, #05-01 Central Mall
Singapore 059567
GPS : 1.288526,103.842085
Tel : (65) 6222 3888
Fax : (65) 6224 7089
Email : lssp3@sg.LangdonSeah.com
Contact : Eugene Seah / Goh Chok Sin / Ho Kong Mo
THAILAND
BANGKOK
LANGDON & SEAH (THAILAND) LTD
LECE (THAILAND) CO LTD
10th Floor, Kian Gwan II Building
140/1 Wireless Road, Lumpini, Pratumwan
Bangkok 10330, Thailand
GPS : 13.734969, 100.545448
Tel : (00 66 2) 253 1438 - 9
Fax : (00 66 2) 253 4977
Email : info@th.LangdonSeah.com
Contact : Ang Yen Kooi / Wong Soon Bin
100 LANGDON & SEAH

VIETNAM
HANOI
LANGDON & SEAH VIETNAM CO LTD
4th Level Thanh Dong Building
132-138 Kim Ma Street, Ba Dinh District
Hanoi, Vietnam
GPS : 21.0320, 105.8263
Tel : (00 844) 3942 7525
Fax : (00 844) 3942 7526
Email : info@vn.LangdonSeah.com
Contact : Mark Olive
HO CHI MINH CITY

LANGDON & SEAH VIETNAM CO LTD
9th Level, Unit E-VTP Building
08 Nguyen Hue, District 1
Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
GPS : 10.7727, 106.7051
Tel : (00 848) 3823 8297
Fax : (00 848) 3823 8197
Email : info@vn.LangdonSeah.com
Contact : Mark Olive
LANGDON & SEAH 101

5 LANGDON & SEAH
MALAYSIA
KUALA LUMPUR
LANGDON & SEAH SDN BHD
JURU UKUR BAHAN MALAYSIA
JUBM SDN BHD
DLSM PROJEKS SDN BHD
Tel : (60 3) 6156 9000
Fax : (60 3) 6157 8660
Email : info@my.LangdonSeah.com
Contact : Loo Ming Chee / Mohd Ali Abd Karim /
Justin Teoh / MohdFaizAwang / Nur Aziz Abu Bakar
JOHOR
LANGDON &SEAHSDNBHD
JURUUKURBAHAN MALAYSIA
JUBMSDNBHD
DLSMPROJEKSSDNBHD
47, JalanSetiaTropika 1/30
Taman SetiaTropika
81200 Johor Bahru
Johor DarulTakzim, Malaysia
GPS : 1.5423, 103.7112
Tel : (60 7) 232 8300
Fax : (60 7) 232 8232
Email : jubmjb@my.LangdonSeah.com
Contact : Syed Mahadzir Syed Ahmad
PENANG
LANGDON &SEAHSDNBHD
JUBMSDNBHD
DLSMPROJEKSSDNBHD
Suite 3A-3, Level 3A
Wisma Great Eastern
No.25, Lebuh Light
10200 Penang, Malaysia
GPS : 5.4201, 100.3408
Tel : (60 4) 264 2071 / 264 2072 / 264 2073
Fax : (60 4) 264 2068
Email : penangoffice@my.LangdonSeah.com
Contact : MohdFaizAwang
102 LANGDON & SEAH

SABAH
LANGDON &SEAHSDNBHD
JUBMSDNBHD
DLSMPROJEKSSDNBHD
Suite 8A, 8th Floor, WismaPendidikan, Jalan Padang
P.O.Box 11598, 88817 Kota Kinabalu
Sabah, Malaysia
GPS : 5.9783, 116.0761
Tel : (60 88) 223 369
Fax : (60 88) 216 537
Email : jubmkk@my.LangdonSeah.com
Contact : Ang Kun Eng
SARAWAK
JUBMSDNBHD
No.2 (3rd Floor), Jalan Song ThianCheok
93100 Kuching
Sarawak, Malaysia
GPS : 1.5532, 110.3532
Tel : (60 82) 232 212
Fax : (60 82) 232 198
Email : kuching@my.LangdonSeah.com
Contact : Nor Azman Bin Baharum
LANGDON & SEAH 103

5 LANGDON & SEAH
BRUNEI
BANDAR SERI BEGAWAN

LANGDON & SEAH
JURUUKURBAHANdanPENGURUSANUTAMACON
Unit 25, BT Complex, Kg. Jaya Setia
MukimBerakas'A' BB2713
P.O.Box 313, Bandar Seri Begawan BS8670
Negara Brunei Darussalam
GPS : 4.9394, 114.9377
Tel : (00 673) 233 2833
Fax : (00 673) 233 2933
Email : info@bn.LangdonSeah.com
Contact : ShafieYusof / Justin Teoh
KUALA BELAIT
JBPU (B) SDN BHD
Unit 1, 1st Floor
Tang Ching Ying (TCY) Building
Lot 118, Jalan Sungai
Kuala Belait KA 2331
Tel : (00 673) 334 7641
Email : info.jbpusb@jbpu.com.bn
Contact : ShafieYusof / Shahril Othman
KUALA BELAIT
PETROKONUTAMASDNBHD
Lot 7219, Jalan Jaya Negara
Kg. Pandan, P.O. Box 811
Kuala Belait KA1189
GPS : 4.5843, 114.2087
Tel : (00 673) 3347878
Fax : (00 673) 3347788
Email : pusbkb@pusbbrunei.com.bn
Contact : ShafieYusof
104 LANGDON & SEAH

CHINA
BEIJING
LANGDON & SEAH (BEIJING) CONSTRUCTION
CONSULTANTS CO LTD
Suite 1225 - 1242, South Wing
Central Tower, Junefield Plaza,
10 Xuan Wu Men Wai Street
Beijing 100 052, China
GPS : 39.896738,116.375676
Tel : (86 10) 6310 1136
Fax : (86 10) 6310 1143
Email : info@cn.LangdonSeah.com
Contact : Chan Chi Keung, Andrew
CHANGSHA
LANGDON & SEAH CONSULTANCY(SHANGHAI) CO
LTD CHANGSHA BRANCH
Room 11051, ZhongTian Plaza
766 Wu Yi Avenue, Furong District,
Changsha, Hunan
410005, China
GPS : 28.195151,112.983057
Tel : (86 731) 8971 1860
Fax : (86 731) 8971 6736
Contact : Chen Yong
CHENGDU
LANGDON & SEAH CONSULTANCY
(CHENGDU) CO. LTD.
Room 807, Block A,
Times Plaza
2 Zongfu Road
Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610 016, China
GPS : 30.656666,104.080567
Tel : (86 28) 8671 8373
Fax : (86 28) 8671 8535
Contact : Chan Hoi Or, Joe
CHONGQING
LANGDON & SEAH CONSULTANCY (CHENGDU) CO.
LTD.CHONGQINGBRANCH
Room 3408, International Trade Centre
38 Qing Nian Road, Central District
Chongqing City 400010, China
GPS : 29.556331,106.574332
Tel : (86 23) 8655 1333
Fax : (86 23) 8655 1616
LANGDON & SEAH 105

5 LANGDON & SEAH
DALIAN
CONSULTANTS CO LTD DALIAN BRANCH
Unit 07, 32F, Xiwang Tower,
136 Zhongshan Road Zhongshan District,
Dalian, Liaoning Province
116001, China
GPS : 38.914864,121.631245
Tel : (86 411) 8800 8018
Fax : (86 411) 8800 8823
Contact : Ng Kin Kan, Kenn
FOSHAN
LANGDON & SEAH CONSULTANCY (SHENZHEN)
CO. LTD. FOSHAN BRANCH
3/F, Foshan Ling Nan Tian Di
Zu Miao Road Shop Nos. Z01-Z11
Zu Miao Road, Foshan
Guangdong Province
528000, China
GPS : 23.031224,113.11278
Tel : (86 757) 8203 0028
Fax : (86 757) 8203 0029
Contact : Lee Kwok Wing, Dickey
106 LANGDON & SEAH

GUANGZHOU
LANGDON & SEAH CONSULTANCY (SHENZHEN)
CO. LTD. GUANGZHOU BRANCH
Unit 2711 2713 & 2718,
Bank of America Plaza
555 Ren Min Zhong Road
Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510 145, China
GPS : 23.123148,113.253628
Tel : (86 20) 8130 3813
Fax : (86 20) 8130 3812
Contact : Wong Wing Cheung, Jack
HAIKOU
LANGDON & SEAH CONSULTANCY (SHENZHEN) CO
LTD HAIKOU BRANCH
Unit B 27/F Times Square
2 GuomaoRoad, Haikou
Hainan Province
570100, China
GPS : 20.029509,110.326235
Tel : (86 898) 6652 7818
Fax : (86 898) 6652 7809
Contact : Yi Zheng Gang
HANGZHOU
LANGDON &SEAH CONSULTANCY (SHANGHAI)
CO.LTD. HANGZHOU BRANCH
Room 2305 WinNing International
100 Min Xin Road
Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province
310016, China
GPS : 30.251755,120.218913
Tel : (86 571) 2829 7766
Fax : (86 571) 2829 7622
Contact : Lu Wei
LANGDON & SEAH 107

5 LANGDON & SEAH
HONG KONG
LANGDON & SEAH HONG KONG LIMITED
LANGDON & SEAH CHINA LIMITED
LANGDON & SEAH MANAGEMENT LIMITED
38/F AIA Kowloon Tower, Landmark East,
100 How Ming Street
Kwun Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
GPS : 22.3125, 114.2223
Tel : (852) 2830 3500
Fax : (852) 2576 0416
Email : info@hk.LangdonSeah.com
Contact : Poon Kan Young, Kenneth
MACAU
LANGDON & SEAH MACAU LIMITED
14 Andar B,
Edifacio Commercial Rodrigues
599 Avenida da Praia Grande, Macau
GPS : 22.192692,113.541094
Tel : (853) 2833 1710
Fax : (853) 2833 1532
Email : info@mo.LangdonSeah.com
Contact : Chan Yuk Sim, Katherine
QINGDAO
LANGDON & SEAH CONSULTANCY (SHANGHAI)
CO LTD QINGDAO BRANCH
Room 08B, 16F, HNA Center
234 Yan An San Road, Shinan District
Qingdao, Shangdong Province
266071, China
GPS : 36.060852,120.375351
Tel : (86 532) 8280 1818
Fax : (86 532) 8280 1881
Contact : Feng Shi En, Andy
108 LANGDON & SEAH

SHANGHAI
LANGDON & SEAH CONSULTANCY (SHANGHAI) CO.
LTD.
6/F, City Point
666 Huaihai Road West
Shanghai 200052, China
GPS : 31.197233,121.422376
Tel : (86 21) 6091 2800
Fax : (86 21) 6091 2999
Contact : Lai Pak Hung
SHENYANG
CONSULTANTS CO. LTD. SHENYANG BRANCH
Room 1801, 1806 1809, 6-9, 18/F
E Tower of Fortune Plaza
59 Beizhan Road, Shenhe District
Shenyang City, Liaoning Province 110 013, China
GPS : 41.814314,123.435484
Tel : (86 24) 3128 6678
Fax : (86 24) 3128 6983
Contact : Chow Hau Ming, Simon
LANGDON & SEAH 109

5 LANGDON & SEAH
SHENZHEN
LANGDON & SEAH CONSULTANCY
(SHENZHEN) CO LTD
Room E & F, 42/F,
World Finance Centre, Block A
4003 East Shen Nan Road
Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518 001, China
GPS : 22.542367,114.114592
Tel : (86 755) 2598 1841
Fax : (86 755) 2598 1854
Contact : Lo Kwok Chu, Kenneth
SUZHOU
LANGDON & SEAH CONSULTANCY (SHANGHAI) CO
LTD SUZHOU BRANCH
Room 906 Century Financial Tower
1 Suhua Road, Industrial Park
Suzhou, Jiangsu Province
215021 China
GPS : 31.315872,120.674879
Tel : (86 512) 8777 5599
Fax : (86 512) 8777 5600
Contact : Lai Pak Hung / Zhang Rui
110 LANGDON & SEAH

TIANJIN
LANGDON & SEAH CONSULTANCY CO LTD TIANJIN
BRANCH
4002, 40/F
Tianjin World Financial Centre Office Tower
2 Dagubei Road,
He Ping District, Tianjin 300 020, China
GPS : 39.129619,117.202758
Tel : (86 22) 2329 8611
Fax : (86 22) 2319 3186
Contact : Wong Chin Ying
WUHAN
LANGDON & SEAH CONSULTANCY (SHANGHAI) CO.
LTD. WUHAN BRANCH
Room 1008, 10/F, Corporate Centre 5,
Wuhan Tiandi, 1628 Zhongshan Road,
Wuhan, Hubei Province 430 010, China
GPS : 30.608202,114.310273
Tel : (86 27) 5920 9299
Fax : (86 27) 5920 9298
Contact : GuangRong
XI'AN
LANGDON & SEAH CONSULTANCY (SHENZHEN) CO
LTD XI'AN BRANCH
Unit 06-07, 16/F, CapitaMall Office Building
64 South Second Ring Western
Xi'an, Shaanxi Province
710065, China
GPS : 34.230397,108.934893
Tel : (86 29) 8523 9186
Fax : (86 29) 8866 9760
Contact : LumKaWai, Andy
ARCADIS HEADQUARTERS
AMSTERDAM
ARCADIS NV
Symphony
Gustav Mahlerplein 97 - 103
1082 MS Amsterdam
P.O Box 7895
The Netherlands
Tel : (31 20) 201 1011
Fax : (31 20) 201 1002
Email : info@arcadis.com
Website : www.arcadis.com
Contact : Neil McArthur, CEO
LANGDON & SEAH 111

5 LANGDON & SEAH
NOTES
112 LANGDON & SEAH

NOTES
LANGDON & SEAH 113

5 LANGDON & SEAH
NOTES
114 LANGDON & SEAH

NOTES
LANGDON & SEAH 115

5 LANGDON & SEAH
NOTES
116 LANGDON & SEAH

NOTES
LANGDON & SEAH 117

2nd Floor, Esquire Center
No.9, M.G.Road
Bangalore 560008, India
Tel:(91-80) 4123 9141 Fax: (91-80) 4123 8922
www.langdonseah.com

India 2014 Cost Handbook

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INDIA 2014

Langdon & Seah Consulting India Pvt Ltd

2. Capita Green, Singapore

Langdon & Seah Consulting India Pvt. Ltd.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be

The information contained herein should be regarded

Unless otherwise stated, costs reflected in this

2. INDIAN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY

3. CONSTRUCTION COST DATA

Langdon & Seah (L&S) has been involved in the

As in the previous editions, the L&S Handbook India

The handbook is structured to serve as a general

The information contained in this handbook has been

India is one of the oldest civilizations with a kaleidoscopic

India is a Sovereign Socialist Democratic Republic with a

The federal republic consists of twenty-eight states and

Country Name : Republic of India

Head of State : President

Government Type : Federal Republic

Head of Government : Prime Minister

Capital City : New Delhi

Administrative Divisions : 28 States and 7 Union

Independence : 15th August 1947

Legal System : Based on Constitution of

Official Language : English/Hindi

National Language : Hindi

Geographic Coordinates : 2000N, 7700E

Location : Southern Asia

Total Area : 32,87,590 SqKm

Land Area : 29,73,190 SqKm

Water : 3,14,400 SqKm

Land Use : Arable Land 49.40%

Irrigated Land : 17,97,090 SqKm

Natural Resources : Coal (world 4th largest)

Climate Type : Tropical monsoon with four

Total Population : 1,270 million

Age Structure : 0 14 years 35.3%

Population Growth Rate : 1.5%

Median Age : Total 26.7 years

Life Expectancy : Total 67.8 years

Ethnic Group : Hindus 80.5%

Literacy (Definition- : Total Population 87.97%

Population below poverty line : 21.9%

Labour Force : 484.3 million

Labour Force by Occupation : Agriculture 53%

Unemployment Rate : 3.8%

Currency Code : INR

British Pound : 101.19 INR

USD : 62.13 INR

Euro : 85.38 INR

Inflation Rate : 8.79%

Fiscal Year : 1 April 31 March

GDP (Purchasing Power : US$ 4.761 trillion

GDP (Official Exchange Rate) : US$ 1.825 trillion

GDP Real Growth Rate : 6.5%

GDP per Capita : US$ 3,900

GDP Composition by Sector : Agriculture 17.4%

Total Exports : US$ 305.96 billion

Major Export Commodities : Goods, Textile goods,

Export Partners : US 13.87%,

Total Imports : US$ 489.32 billion

Major Import Commodities : Crude Oil, Chemicals,

Import Partners : China 11.92%,

Major Seaports : Ennore ,