Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Criminal Siege - is a result of a perpetration of crime that Depressive and Suicidal - is an individual who has no
went wrong and the criminals were trapped or cornered by contact with
law enforcers. In many cases, hostage taking is violent and reality. He/She is characterized by the following:
unplanned. a. Irritable depressed mood
b. Diminished interests
Criminal Sociology - a branch of sociology that studies c. Weight loss and fatigue
about the criminal and to its relation to the social structure of d. Insomnia or hypersomnia
e. Psychomotor agitation or retardation adaptation that enhances the human beings ability to cope
f. Feeling of worthlessness and guilt with changes in the environment and to manipulate the
g. Lack of concentration environment.
h. Thoughts of death.
Narcissistic Personality Disorder - is characterized by a
Deviant Behavior - a behavior that deviates from the norms long-standing pattern of grandiosity (either in fantasy or
and standards of the society. It is not criminal behavior but it actual behavior), an overwhelming need for admiration, and
has usually a complete lack of empathy toward others. People
the tendency to become abnormal behavior, it will become with this disorder often believe they are of primary
criminals when it violates the provision of the criminal law. importance in everybodys life or to anyone they meet.
Negotiation - to communicate on a matter of disagreement
Emphaty - is the ability to understand and share the feelings between two parties, with a view to first listen to the other
of another. It is where the negotiator tries to perceive the partys perspective and then attempt to arrive at a resolution
emotional agreed by consensus.
state or condition of the subject and feedback a response that
demonstrates his/her understanding of the subject. Negotiator - a trained PNP personnel or any person
authorized by the Incident/On-Scene Commander to
Hematophobia - an abnormal and persistent fear of blood. negotiate for and in behalf of the police.
Histrionic Personality Disorder - is characterized by a Neighborhood Check the process of getting information
long-standing pattern of attention seeking behavior and from a person who knew the victim particularly in the
extreme emotionality. Someone with histrionic personality neighborhood with the purpose of obtaining material
disorder wants to be the center of attention in any group of information about the victim and probable suspect.
people, and feel uncomfortable when they are not. While
often lively, interesting and sometimes dramatic, they have Obsession - an idea or thought that continually preoccupies
difficulty when people arent focused exclusively on them. or intrudes on a person's mind.
Hostage - an individual who has been held by the ObsessiveCompulsive Disorder - (OCD) is an anxiety
perpetrators against his/her will. disorder characterized by intrusive thoughts that produce
uneasiness, apprehension, fear or worry (obsessions),
Hostage-taker(s) - an individual or group of person who repetitive behaviors aimed at reducing the associated anxiety
hold another person(s) against his/her/their will as bargaining (compulsions), or a combination of such obsessions and
chips for purposes of demanding certain amount of money, compulsions. Symptoms of the disorder include excessive
self-protection, thwarting any police action, or pursuing washing or cleaning, repeated checking, extreme hoarding,
personal interest or that of the general public. preoccupation with sexual, violent or religious thoughts,
relationship-related obsessions, aversion to particular
Hostage Taking - is a situation that set of circumstances numbers and nervous rituals such as opening and closing a
wherein a suspected law violator is holding a person in door a certain number of times before entering or leaving a
captive by the use of force or threat of violence. room.
Hot Debrief - short debriefing conducted by negotiating Paranoid - is a mental disorder characterized by paranoia
team prior to turn over to another set of negotiating team. and a pervasive, long-standing suspiciousness and
generalized mistrust of others.
Human Behavior - is refers to the manner, the way in which
a human react to his environment. Paranoid Personality Disorder - are generally
characterized by having a long-standing pattern of pervasive
Illusion - is a distortion of the senses, revealing how the distrust and auspiciousness of others. A person with paranoid
brain normally organizes and interprets sensory stimulation. personality disorder will nearly always believe that other
Though illusions distort reality, they are generally shared by peoples motives are suspect or even malevolent. Individuals
most people. with this disorder assume that other people will exploit, harm,
or deceive them, even if no evidence exists to support this
Impulsion - a strong urge to do something. expectation.
Incident/On-Scene Commander - the senior officer in Pay-off the act of exchanging an agreed amount between
command of the incident. the family and the kidnappers at a designated time and place
for the safe release of the victim.
Inside Agent - a person who is in any advantageous position
(e.g. employed by the victim or victims organization) which Personality Disorder - is not a mental disorder. Individuals
allows them to gather intelligence or carry out counter with personality disorders can function in the world to a high
surveillance on behalf of the offenders. level, e.g.
look after themselves, business, finance, etc. However, they
Intermediary - any person authorized by the Incident/On- fail to function normally in terms of their relationship with
Scene Commander to communicate with the hostage-takers other people. They have dramatic/aggressive clusters of
either upon the request of the latter or to facilitate smooth behavior.
communication between the designated negotiators and the
hostage-takers. All actions of the intermediary are supervised Characteristics of a Person with Personality Disorder
by the negotiators. 1. No conscience lacks guilt or remorse, inability to love, no
empathy. A Bully.
Kidnapper(s) - an individual or group of persons who 2. Selfish, no loyalty
kidnapped or held another person against his/her will as 3. Manipulative/charmer likes power/controlling others
bargaining chips for purposes of demanding certain amount of 4. Sexually experimenting
money, self-protection, thwarting any police action, or 5. Seeks immediate gratification, thrill seeker
pursuing personal interest. 6. Low anxiety, blames others never their fault
Learned - an operant behavior which involves cognitive 7. Frustration tolerance low may turn to his/her for
stimulation 2. Disturbed Perception - Hallucinations, all 5 senses with no
8. Low self-esteem, poor achievement history known cause.
9. Poor planner lacks follow through 3. Inappropriate emotions/actions - Laughs at funerals, cries
10. Probable marital and employment problems when others laugh, performs compulsive or senseless acts
11.Chaotic family relationship e.g. rocking, rubbing, twisting hair.
12.Excessive/exorbitant and 4. Socially withdrawn, aloof, detached
13.Changing demands 5. Disoriented/confused/paranoid
14.Suicide potential high 6. Argumentative, suspicious of others, over reacts
15.Seeks attention/audience 7. Acts peculiarly such as collecting rubbish and talking to
16.Wants to prove can do something himself/herself
17.May like attention and not want to end incident 8. Belief that his/her body/thoughts is controlled by external
force.
Phases of a Crisis
1. Pre-Incident Phase - is the period of time prior to an Rapport - a close and harmonious relationship in which the
incident occurring. This Phase consists of the following: people concerned understand each others feelings or ideas
a. Prediction - determination of what incident is going to and communicate.
occur and when it is going to occur, is the key to minimizing
the effects of the incident. Schizoid Personality Disorder - is a personality disorder
b. Prevention - the best way to minimize the damage done by characterized by a lack of interest in social relationships, a
an incident is to prevent it from occurring. Not all incidents tendency towards a solitary lifestyle, secretiveness, and
are preventable like natural disasters. Some preventable emotional coldness.
incidents may be detected too late to prevent them.
c. Preparation - 2 Forms of preparation Schizophrenic - is an individual who has no contact with
1. Preparation of the response designed to prevent the reality. He/She is usually characterized by the following:
incident a. He/She is a psychotic;
2. Preparation for the incident. b. He/She has a fundamental personality disorder;
2. Incident Occurrence - is the instance in time at which the c. He/She exhibits symptoms such as hallucinations, voices,
incident occurs or starts to occur if it has not been prevented. obscene language, giggling, self-absorbed smile and sudden
3. Post-Occurrence Phase - during this phase, the incident breaks in flow of thinking.
may get worse. This Phase consists of the following:
a. Recognition Stockholm Syndrome - term that refers to a situation
b. Response during hostage taking where the victim develops rapport and
1. Initial Response becomes sympathetic with his/her captor.
2. Consolidation
3. Stand down Stronghold - any location or structure, fixed or mobile,
c. Recovery where the hostage is being held.
d. Investigation
4. Post-Incident Phase - incident is likely to have a finite Suicide Intervention - the use of communication techniques
lifetime. Most incidents will conclude without intervention. and strategies to influence a person to change behavior and
However, without intervention the effects of the incident may reconsider his desire to commit suicide.
be worse or the incident may last longer. This Phase Consist
of the following: Tactical Interrogation - refers to the act of questioning or
a. Restoration - once the incident is over, normality returns eliciting information from a suspect to produce information of
over a period of time which can take months or years for very tactical or
severe incidents. operational value.
b. Investigation - may be performed after the incident
concludes to provide information and evidence for any Time - is the most important element of hostage negotiation.
hearing, inquiries and criminal prosecution.
c. Post-Incident Discussion Activities - activities include Victim - the person/company/organization to whom the
immediate incident debriefs and other types of incident unwarranted demand or threat is directed or intended, or is
discussions occurring sometime after the incident concludes. expected by the offenders to respond.
The aim of the debriefs is to identify areas for improvement.
Victim Communicator - the individual communicating
Phobia - is an overwhelming and unreasonable fear of an directly with the people making the threat(s), demand(s) or
object or situation that poses little real danger but provokes issuing instructions.
anxiety and
avoidance. Victimology the process of obtaining a detailed account of
the victims lifestyle and personality that can assist in
Proof of life - positive proof that the hostage is alive, determining the
obtained from a reliable or verified source. nature of the disappearance, the risk level of the victim, and
the type of person who could have committed the crime. It
Psychotic (Paranoid Schizophrenic) is a mental disorder also includes complete information regarding the victims
which means that individuals affected cannot function in the physical description, normal behavioral patterns, family
world adequately on a day-to-day basis. They see the world dynamics and known friends and acquaintances.
as disorder and they are desperately trying to make sense of
it. They have odd/eccentric clusters of behavior and
fear/terror may be their underlying emotion.