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by SUMICO Technologies
Executive Summary
SUMICOs engineers collected data from each of the seven 1. Identified piston ring leakage
compressor sets and adjacent pipelines while they were
operational using Windrock PA 6320 and Emerson CSI 2140 Image 1A shows ultrasound data measured initially from the
analyzers. The data types collected included dynamic four cylinders of engine no. 1. The pattern revealed that in
pressures, vibration, ultrasound, spark voltage and cylinder no. 2 (red) there were momentary high levels of
temperatures, each measured simultaneously with the ultrasound (highlighted by black circle), occurring every time
dynamic crankshaft position data. the crankshaft had rotated 45 after passing cylinders TDC
(Top Dead Centre) which are symptoms of gas leakage through
piston rings. Furthermore, the P-V (Pressure vs. Volume) curve
(image 2A) of cylinder no. 2 showed a high rate of pressure drop
after achieving the peak firing pressure. After analysis of the
data, SUMICOs engineers recommended to inspect the piston
rings.
ODS (Operational Deflection Shape) computer model Leaving such an abnormality undetected could have continued
to waste fuel through the leakage. Moreover, the fault could
have further worsened over time and if any debris from broken
SUMICOs engineers then analysed the recorded data using ring interacted with internal moving parts, it could have
specialized computer software through various types of charts; ultimately caused catastrophic failure of the engine and
PV (Pressure-Volume) curves, ultrasonic waveforms, spark unscheduled downtime which would be very costly.
traces, vibration FFT spectra and vibration waveforms, to name
a few.
2. Identified abnormal spark plug timings data retaken after repair showed significant improvement in
the vibration waveforms and spectra (Image 3D).
P-V curves (Cylinder Pressure vs. Volume) of engine no. 1
showed that cylinder no. 3 and 4 were experiencing improper
ignition and low PFP (peak firing pressure) values. The 1St
derivative of Pressure-Time curves of cylinder no. 3 showed
inconsistent firing from cycle to cycle (image 2B). It was
therefore recommended to replace spark plugs.
Measured PV curve
Ideal PV curve
Image 3B Main bearings vibration vs crankshaft angle Image 5A Compressor #1 discharge piping vibration spectrum
When the bearing was later disassembled for inspection, it
was found to be damaged at the inner race (Image 3C). The
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Updated 09.06.2017
flow of gases from the main discharge header towards the
compressor. The test results together with the
recommendations acted as evidences to help plant teams
justify the modification actions required.
Conclusion
The findings helped identify key areas to reduce operational
costs and increase reliability of the plant. As shown through
New NRV location
examples, the study not only helped increase plant efficiency
suggested and performance by identifying poor performance areas, but
also helped identify faults which could have further
progressed if left undetected, leading to catastrophic failures
and unplanned downtimes. For equipment with normal
Location suggested for
additional pipe support performance, the result reports provided by SUMICO would
be useful for future comparison in case of performance
deviations and would also help in any future fault
Image 5D Piping modifications recommended investigation for the plant engineers.
Based on the analysis, it was recommended to add
additional piping support and change location of the existing
NRV as shown in image 5D so that it can prevent any reverse
The Advanced Machinery Analysis division of SUMICO Technologies is the leading provider in Pakistan of critical machine health
analysis including gas turbines, steam turbines, reciprocating engines and reciprocating compressors using in house state-of-the-
art technologies and a strong team of internationally trained engineers.
SUMICO has personnel certified in Reciprocating Compressors and Engines Analysis Advanced Machinery Analysis Solutions
from Windrock Inc. Knoxville, TN, USA. In addition, there are ISO-18436-2 certified
vibration analysts up to Category III certified by Mobius Institute, Australia who can
be deployed anytime to your plant for analysing health of your critical machinery.
www.sumico.com.pk