Measuring Systems Problem set n6

Measuring Systems
Problem set n 6
Estimation and noise reduction

Exercise 1 (Differential amplifier and uncertainty of the measurement)

We know the expression for the differential voltage and the common mode voltage at the input of
the amplifier:
1 +
= = 4
and = =
2 2

The residual voltage Uo at the output of the amplifier when the bridge is in equilibrium is:

U cm Ad s U
Ud = 0 Uo = Ad CMMR = CMMR = 50 mV
2

The uncertainty RR on the relative variation of the resistance corresponding to the residual
voltage is:

Ad 4U 2
Uo = RR Us RR = A = CMMR = 0.2
4 d Us

Exercise 2 (power and RMS of thermal noise)

2 4

a) Req is the equivalent resistance of the network. We then have : = = = .
4 4

We get P1=12.4*10-18 W=12.4 aW and P2 = 20*10-15 W=20 fW.

Note: Only the temperature and bandwidth influence the total thermal noise power.

1
b) We have an equivalent resistance = 1 1 = 524 and a thermal noise
+
1 +2 3

= 4 = 0.92
Measuring Systems Problem set n6

Exercise 3 (Intrinsic noise)

Case 1: positive part of the cycle
During positive arts of the cycle (+ () 0), parasitic voltages due to the intrinsic sources of noise are the
following:

Johnson noise : , = 4 = 0.33 avec : = 1+2
1 2

4
Shot noise : , = 2 =

1
2
with : =
= 0 sin(x) . dx =

4
, = , = = 2.61

1/ noise: 1, = 1 = 0.14

2
2 2
The total parasitic voltage is: |+ = , + , + 1, = 2.63

Case 2: negative part of the cycle

During the negative alternations ( () < 0) there is no current flowing through the diode, so the
2
2
associated shot noise is 0. Thus, the total parasitic voltage is: | = , + 1, = 0.36 .