12 Problems

January 2, 2012

1 Geometry
Problem 1. Let ABCD be a trapezium such that AB is parallel to CD and
AB+CD = AD. Let P be the point on AD such that AP = AB and P D = CD.
prove that ]BP C = 90o .
Q is the midpoint of BC and R is the intersection between the line AD
and the circle passing through the points B, A, Q. Show that the points
B, P, R and C are concyclic.
Problem 2. Let ABC be a triangle with circumcenter 1 and incenter I. Let
2 be a circle tangent to AI at I and tangent to BC. Show that 1 is tangent
to 2 .

Problem 3. Let F be a finite family of points in the plane. It is known that

for any 2 points of F there is another point of F that is collinear with them.
Show that all points of F are collinear.

2 Number Theory
1 1 1
Problem 4. Show that for all positive integer n with n 2, 1 + 2 +...+ n is
not an integer.
Problem 5. Show that if N is a positive integer such that N 2, N does not
divide 2N 1.

Problem 6. Find all positive integers n such that there exist nonzero integers
x, y, z such that
x+y+z =0
1 1 1 1
+ + =
x y z n

1
3 Combinatorics
Pn n


Problem 7. Find the value of k=2 k(k 1) k .
Problem 8. Let R be a rectangle. Suppose that R can be tiled with smaller
rectangles R1 , R2 , . . . , Rm such that each of the Ri has at least one side with
integer length. Show that at least one side of R is of integer length.
Problem 9. n persons are at a party. It is know that out of every 4 of them
there are either 3 that know each other or 3 such that none knows any other.
Show that the n persons can be split in two rooms where in one everyone know
each other and in the other no one knows any other person.

4 Algebra
Problem 10. Find all triples of real numbers (x, y, z) such that

xyz = 8

x2 y + y 2 z + z 2 x = 73
x(y z)2 + y(z x)2 + z(x y)2 = 98
Problem 11. The sequence a1 , a2 , . . . is defined as follows: a1 = 56 and an+1 =
an a1n . Show that there is a k with 0 k 1598 such that ak < 0.

Problem 12. Define f (x, y, z) = (x+y+z)(xy+yz+zx)

(x+y)(y+z)(z+x) . Determine the set of real
numbers r such that there exists a triple of positive real number (x, y, z) satis-
fying f (x, y, z) = r.