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Abstract
Fog Computing and IoT systems make use of end-user premises devices as local servers. Here, we are identifying the
scenarios for which running applications from NDCs are more energy-efficient than running the same applications from MDC.
With the complete survey and analysis of various energy consumption factors such as different flow-variants and time-variants
with respect to the Network Equipment we found two energy consumption use cases and respective results. Parameters such as
current Load, Pmax, Cmax, Incremental Energy etc evolved with respect to system structure and various data related
parameters leading to the conclusion that the NDC utilizes relatively reduced factor of energy comparative to the MDC. The
study reveals that NDC as a part of Fog makeweights the MDCs to accompany respective applications, especially in the
scenarios where IoT based applications are used where end users are the source data providers and can maximize the server
utilization.
Index Terms Centralized Data Servers, Cmax, Energy expenditure, Fog Computing, Nano Data Servers, Pmax.
1. INTRODUCTION
loud computing and respective cloud relative demand and growth of various smart devices
Capplications are on increasing demand and growing communicating and making the world more connected,
swiftly in this digital sector of technology. Studies well known as IoT. Recent surveys have expressed the
until date reflects cloud computing as the highly energy fact that soon nobody can stop IoT from transforming
efficient for processing any job instead of running it the traditional technology to digital world rapidly. Cloud
locally. Nevertheless, when energy utilization evaluated computing appeared where application services easily
with respect to network topology and some other factors made available to end users as frameworks, platforms
such as power consumption due to interactive cloud and softwares. Cloud computing, still cannot be termed
services at the end user side; energy consumption as A platform for all as it lags various issues to meet
seemed to be varying with respect to various use cases. the requirements of IoT applications.
The pervasiveness of universality for the increasing
Fog computing also known Fog networking or any network architecture, various energy consumption
fogging, or Edge computing is a concept in which clients models are put forward based on their content
or intermediate users near to end users can accumulate distribution. Two types of network equipment are
ample amount of capacity in order to perform the same studied as Shared network and Unshared network.
communication and provide similar services in way that Shared network equipment is when many users share
is more efficient rather than controlled over the central equipment and services. Unshared network equipment is
cloud servers. It can recognize any capacious cloud a network where the equipment or services situated at
server or any big data structures, where accessing data end users is shared by single user or to a limited fixed set
can be a troublesome task. To make computing possible of users. Initially, a complete end-to-end network
in an end-to-end manner for any network topology architecture is used in which all-necessary data required
where new services and required applications delivered for processing from NDC and Central Data center is
more efficiently and easily to millions of smartly present. As we are aware that the data or information is
interconnected devices, fog was introduced. The processed and located in the data servers of the cloud
interconnected fog devices are mostly consisting of set- storage, the attire need to understand the energy usage of
top-boxes, access points, roadside units, cellular base data servers is focused. Since the data in Cloud services
stations, etc. A 3-level hierarchy formed in the process is processed and stored in data centers, an obvious focus
of a complete end-to-end services delivery from cloud to for studying energy consumption of Cloud services is the
smart devices.Thus, fog computing is nothing but an data centers. Nonetheless, even the transport network
Intermediate node between the end user smart devices which routes the end users to the cloud servers play a
and centralized cloud data centers extending the visible role in energy utilization. Normally, when the
functionality of cloud computing in way that is more end users access the cloud servers, a subtle amount of
flexible. Fog computing turning out to be more popular energy is consumed.The statistics reveal that
for enormous number of applications with respect to improvement in energy consumption in the transport
IoT. Here, we often use a term as Nano Data Servers network and end user smart devices will help improving
(NDC) which are nothing but small storage capacity the performance of end NDC. The experimental results
servers, which are present in end user locations used for show that the Nano data servers can obverse Centralized
inter-communication of data with its peers.We can state Data Servers and reduce the energy consumption
that Fog Computing is a paradigm that brings cloud for the appliances that can be easily migrated from cloud
computing at the edges of the network topology. servers to NDC. The following figure explains broadly
In this work, we try to find out the different use the fog node and its role.
cases in which when the application is running on NDC
is more efficient than the centralized cloud server is.For
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Many more interesting features which fog computing IoT: an enormously distributed no. of sources at the
user devices signifying how fog node gets local The growing concern about Energy utilization in the
overview when global overview was possible only at modern data centers, gave rise to the model of Nano
higher level, real time computation, modifiable Data Centers(NaDa). [7] ISP-controlled home gateways
optimizations depending on client side network and were used to facilitate computing services and storage as
applications, improved caching methodology, end user well. It also forms a distributed architecture with peer-to-
smart devices knowledge etc peer data center model. Video-on-Demand (VoD)
The key to handle and manage the analytics rapidly with services used to verify the actual capability of NaDa.
the help of data provided by IoT applications made We develop an energy consumption model for VoD in
possible by fog data processing. traditional and in NaDa data centers and evaluate this
model using a large set of empirical VoD access data.
We find that even under the most pessimistic scenarios,
2. RELATED SURVEY. NaDa saves at least 20% to 30% of the energy compared
to traditional data centers. These savings stem from
Fog computing and its services are rapidly
energy-preserving properties inherent to NaDa such as
growing in every other sector with a purpose adding to
the reuse of already committed baseline power on
our global digital revenue. Let us have peek overview of
underutilized gateways, the avoidance of cooling costs,
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consumption with performing the same task on a low- utilizing mist figuring. For an internet amusement utilize
power consuming computer. Our study reveals that it is case, we found that the normal reaction time for a client
not always energy-wise to use the cloud. Performing is enhanced by 20% when utilizing the edge of the
certain tasks locally can be more energy-efficient than system in contrast with utilizing a cloud-just model. It
using the cloud. was additionally watched that the volume of movement
between the edge and the cloud server is lessened by
F] Architecture - IPTV networks more than 90% for the utilization case. The preparatory
Another Energy utilization model of IPTV stockpiling outcomes highlight the capability of haze processing in
and dissemination gives bits of knowledge into the ideal accomplishing a practical registering model and
outline of a VoD organize.[11] Energy utilization is highlights the advantages of incorporating the edge of
limited by repeating mainstream program material on the system into the figuring biological community.
servers near clients.
Pmax, Cmax, current load for the MDC and NDCs which utilizes the datagram's goal route to decide for
respectively. each datagram the following hop, is along these lines
vital to accomplish the datagram sending rates required.
2) System when all NDCs are transformed to MDC. Additionally, the bundle may experience numerous
As soon as the threshold limit for the NDCs are hit the switches before it achieves its goal. Consequently,
NDC are shifted as the MDC servers with the increased diminish in postponement by small scale seconds brings
throughput and capacity. The entire system consisting of about gigantic cut down in an opportunity to achieve the
a centralized data center as the nano-data centers goal. IP address query is troublesome because it requires
working as MDCs. The various parameters are a Longest Matching Prefix seek. Numerous query
calculated such as Pmax, Cmax, current load for all the calculations are accessible to locate the Longest Prefix
MDCs Matching; one such is the Elevator-Stairs Algorithm.
Some top of the line routers has been actualized with
3.1 Algorithms and Techniques equipment parallelism utilizing TCAM. In any case,
TCAM is a great deal more costly regarding circuit
Energy consumption algorithm multifaceted nature and in addition control utilization. In
IPlookup. this manner, proficient algorithmic arrangements are
o Modified Elevator Stairs Algorithm basically required to be executed utilizing system
Web Services. processors as minimal effort and cost solutions.
Among the state-of-the-art algorithms for IP address
lookup, a binary search based on a balanced tree is
1) Efficient IP Lookup Algorithm. effective in providing a low-cost solution. To construct a
balanced search tree, the prefixes with the nesting
As there is heavy internet traffic, the backend relationship should be converted into completely
supportive routers impose the capability of transmitting disjointed prefixes. We propose Small balanced tree
the in-direction packets at high gigabits/second speed. using entry reduction for IPLookup algo. Take the
The IP address lookup thus comes into its role of high- specified IP address.
To deal with gigabit-per-second movement rates, the Take 1st segment and search at root level.
backend-supporting routers must have the capacity to Speed Calculation Array of the root level is
forward a large number of datagrams every second on considered and a lookup is applied directly.
each of their ports. Quick IP address query in the routers, - Consider the 1st segment node as 224.
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- Work with only 1 subtree with root as by wide number of users at distant locations.
224. We make a war file of the respective application and
- If the data is very dense, we consider deploy it over the workspace and the local host
entire array in all other levels. server of various devices.
- Probably, we require a dictionary for the In this case the devices can be different laptops,
sub-levels of a kind. mobile devices, raspberry-pi kits etc. All these
- If the next segment is 201, you look up devices should be connected to a same LAN so that
201 in the dictionary for the 223 nodes, the requests should not be disrupted.
- Now your possible list of candidates is 3) EC Computation Algorithm.
just 64K items (i.e. all IP addresses that
are 223,201.x.x).
- Repeat the above process with the next 2
levels.
- The result is that you can resolve an IP
address in just 4 lookups: 1 lookup in an
array, and 3 dictionary lookups
This structure is also very easy to maintain.
Inserting a new address or range requires at most
four lookups and adds.
Same with deleting. Updates can be done in-place,
without having to rebuild the entire tree.
Take care read and update should not come under
same instance.
No concurrent updating should happen while
concurrent read can be accessed.
2) Web Services.
servers, but the current connections we can increase to In this thesis, we studied, analyzed and brought out some
100 by the same initial energy. results which discusses the outcomes of fog computing
over cloud computing. We examined that the energy
consumption of the Nano-servers called as fogs was
considerably less when the applications are brought
down at the networks edge at the client side devices. A
detailed comparison of the energy consumed at the NDC
level and MDC level was evaluated with the outcome
revealing NDCs consumed less energy than MDCs for
the same task performed for both scenarios
8. REFERENCES
[8]. Vytautas Valancius, Nikolaos Laoutaris, Laurent
Massouli (2009) Greening the Internet with Nano
Data Centers
[1]. Flavio Bonomi, Rodolfo Milito, Preethi Natarajan
and Jiang Zhu (2016) Fog computing: A platform for
[9].Fatemeh Jalali, Kerry Hinton , Robert Ayre , Tansu
internet of things and analytics
Alpcan , and Rodney S. Tucker Fog Computing May
[2]. Bonomi. F., Milito, R., Zhu, J., Addepalli, S.(2012): Help to Save Energy in Cloud Computing
Fog computing and its role in the internet of things. Centre for Energy-Efficient Telecommunications
(CEET), The University of Melbourne, Australia.
[3]. Pao, L., Johnson, K.(2009) A tutorial on the
dynamics and control of wind turbines and wind farms [10]. Shanhe Yi, Cheng Li, Qun Li(2015) A Survey of
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Department of Computer Science College of William
[4]. Botterud, A., Wang, J. (2009) Wind power and Mary Williamsburg, VA, USA.
forecasting and electricity market operations. In:
International Conference of 32nd International [11]. An Tran Thien, Ricardo Colomo(2016) A
Association for Energy Economics (IAEE), San Systematic literature review of Fog Computing.
Francisco, CA
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[12]. Amir Vahid Dastjerdi, Rajkumar Buyya, (2016) [13]. (2015) Fog Computing and the Internet of Things:
Fog Computing: Helping the Internet of Things Realize Extend the Cloud to Where the Things Are
its Potential Cisco and/or its affiliates.