Tp ch Nghin cu v Pht trin, s 9 (107) .

2013 105

AT NC - NHAN VAT

GOP PHAN TM HIEU VE

LE THANH HAU NGUYEN HU CANH
inh Van Tuan*
Le Thanh hau Nguyen Hu Knh (1650-1700) - xa nay ho ten ong van lu
truyen pho bien la Nguyen Hu Canh - la mot kiet tng i chua Minh Nguyen
Phuc Chu (1691-1725), la con th cua danh tng Chieu Vu hau Nguyen Hu
Dat va la em cua Hao Lng hau Nguyen Hu Hao (tac gia truyen Nom Song
tinh bat da). Nguyen Hu Canh la ngi co cong khai pha, m coi phng nam
va bnh nh Chan Lap. Mua xuan nam Mau Dan (1698), chua Nguyen Phuc
Chu sai ong lam Thong suat vao kinh lc Chan Lap, lay at ong Pho at
phu Gia nh, chia vach ranh gii, lay ong Nai lam huyen Phc Long, lap
dinh Tran Bien, lay Sai Gon lam huyen Tan Bnh, lap dinh Phien Tran. M
at c ngan dam, dan hn bon van ho, ben chieu mo lu dan t Bo Chnh
tr ve nam ti , thiet lap xa thon phng ap, khan at hoang, nh to thue,
lap so inh. Mua thu nam Ky Mao (1699) vua nc Chan Lap la Nac Thu lam
phan, chua lai ha lenh c Tran thu Bnh Khng Le Thanh hau Nguyen Hu
Canh lam chc Thong binh cung Pho tng Pham Cam Long, Tham tng
Nguyen Hu Khanh em quan s t dinh Bnh Khng, cho dong 7 thuyen
chien thuoc binh cua Quang Nam vao Tran Bien, hp cung tng Tran Thng
Xuyen lo viec tran ve bien cng. Mua xuan nam Canh Thn (1700) anh bc
luy Nam Vang va Bch oi. Nac Yem, Nac Thu xin hang. Sau chien thang,
Nguyen Hu Canh keo quan ve cu lao Cay Sao roi ot nhien b benh nang,
ve ti Rach Gam th chet, nam ay 51 tuoi. Chua Nguyen phong tang la Hiep
Tan Cong Than ac Tien Chng Dinh, thuy la Trung Can, ban cho vang lua
e hau tang. Nam Gia Long th 4 (1805) tang la Tuyen Lc Cong Than ac
Tien Phu Quoc Thng Tng Quan, Cam Y Ve o Ch Huy S Ty o Ch Huy
S, o oc Phu Chng Phu S Pho Tng Chng C, liet vao hang Thng
ang than. Minh Mang th 12 (1831) tang Than C Dinh o Thong Che, Vnh
An Hau. Cac trieu ai eu co sac phong Thng ang than: Gia Long nam th
4 (1805), Minh Mang nam th 3 (1822), Thieu Tr nam th 3 (1843), T c
nam th 5 (1852).
Cac sach bao viet ve than the va s nghiep cua Le Thanh hau Nguyen
Hu Canh t trc en nay eu da vao th tch xa e tham khao, noi chung
ai cng giong nh tren. Tuy nhien v cac tai lieu xa khong phai la nhat
quan, loi ghi chep ai lc co khi toi ngha nen a e lai nhng khuc mac ma
cho en nay van cha c cac nha nghien cu s hoc nhat tr, giai quyet thau
ao. Bai viet nay la mot co gang tm hieu them vi hy vong lam sang to mot
so van e lien quan en Nguyen Hu Canh.

* Thanh pho Bien Hoa, tnh ong Nai.

106 Tp ch Nghin cu v Pht trin, s 9 (107) . 2013

1. Ten that cua Nguyen Hu Canh

Hau nh cac sach s a, gia pha xa eu ghi ten Le Thanh hau la Nguyen
Hu Knh . Nhng v theo tuc k huy, ngi xa oc trai am knh thanh
kien (giong mien Nam oc la kieng nh tam kieng). Am kien = knh a tng
c Hunh Tnh Paulus Cua ghi nhan trong ai Nam quac am t v (NQATV)
[3] muc t kien (knh) nh kien soi, chieu kien, kien hien vi, cung co khi
knh thanh knh, trong sach Tom lai ve s tch cac i vua nc Annam,(1)
Trng Vnh Ky a viet Knh thay cho Knh cac ten goi nh Mac Knh Cung
(Mac Knh Cung), Mac Knh Khoan (Mac Knh Khoan), Mac Knh Vo (Mac
Knh Vu) va con oc chech thanh canh (theo bien am: inh = anh va oi thanh).
Trong ai t ien ch Nom [18], Vu Van Knh a tng ghi nhan am canh c
viet la (am Han-Viet la knh). Nhng mot so nha nghien cu lai nhan nh
kha rac roi, m ho ve cach oc huy chang han nh Nguyen Ngoc Hien ly giai:
Ong ten that la Nguyen Hu Thanh huy Knh (Canh) phan ong ngi Viet
hay kieng ten huy. Do o Knh c oc chech ra la Canh. Ve sau nhan dan
mien Nam qua trong vong ong, ho a t ong huy ca hai ten: Knh goi la Kien
hoac Kieng, Canh goi la Kieng mai khi ong mat roi, ngi i sau chep tieu
s mi dam viet ro ten ong la Nguyen Hu Canh. Con ten huy la Knh ch c
neu que hng Quang Bnh [7](2) hay Nguyen Hu Hiep(3) cho rang: Nguyen
Hu Canh nguyen danh Nguyen Hu Le, lai co ten la Nguyen Hu Knh. Ngi
mien Nam hieu Knh va Knh cung ngha, nen a goi kieng (lan 1) ten Knh
la Knh, roi goi trai (lan 2) Knh thanh Kieng, sau lai do hieu rang Kieng va
Canh cung cung mot ngha nen goi trai (lan 3) la Canh - Nguyen Hu Canh.
That ra kieng khong phai la oc trai t knh hay t knh ra canh roi t canh
mi thanh kieng. Nguyen nhan cua canh = kieng chnh la do cach oc ten huy
cua ong Cung Thai t Nguyen Phuc Canh (1780-1801), ch khong lien
quan g en knh. Sai Gon co nh Tan Kieng chnh am la Tan Canh, v k
huy Nguyen Phuc Canh nen Canh oc trai la Kieng [2]. Am kieng = canh cung
c NQATV ghi nhan. Vay t ten huy Knh dan gian a oc ra cac am: kien
(kieng), knh va canh. ac biet la am Canh ch danh rieng cho ten huy Knh
cua Le Thanh hau ch cha thay tai lieu nao ghi nhan la kien (kieng), knh.
Ngay nay mien Nam, cach goi Nguyen Hu Canh thay cho Nguyen Hu Knh
a tr thanh thong dung du truyen thong k huy a b mai mot va rat t ngi
goi ung ten la Knh tuy mot vai dch gia, s gia cung dung.
T hai trch dan tren, cac tac gia lai co mau thuan ve ten goi: Nguyen
Hu Thanh va Nguyen Hu Le. Nguyen Ngoc Hien da vao gia pha ho Nguyen
Hu nen tin rang ten that la Nguyen Hu Thanh huy Knh. Ten Thanh cha
thay tai lieu nao khac ngoai toc pha Nguyen Hu vay ma Nguyen Ngoc Hien
a i en khang nh: Ong c chua ban tc hau at la Le Tai hau, Le
Thanh hau; ay la lan au tien thay ten Thanh cua Nguyen Hu Canh c
chua lay at tc la Le Thanh hau. Nhng theo truyen thong, trong tc hieu
hau th ch au tien thng la ten cua ngi c ban tc chang han nh Hao
Lng hau, Hao la ten cua Nguyen Hu Hao; Thoai Ngoc hau, Thoai la ten cua
Nguyen Van Thoai hoac la 2 ch gom ten em va ten chnh nh Van Long hau,
Van Long la ten cua Mai Van Long; Thang Long hau, Thang Long la ten cua
Nguyen Thang Long. Ngoai ra ch th 2 co the la mot my t nh Coc Tai hau
Tp ch Nghin cu v Pht trin, s 9 (107) . 2013 107

(Ton That Coc) [1]. Do o cach hieu cua Nguyen Ngoc Hien la mot ngo nhan.
Ngoai tc hieu Le Thanh hau, ai Nam thc luc (NTL) [11] con ghi nhan
them Le Tai hau hay Le Hoa hau, vay ch th hai (Thanh, Tai, Hoa) trong
tc hieu nay co le ch la mot my t vua ban hay do lam lan nao o ma thoi.
T o ta co the nhan nh: Le (trong Le Thanh hau) mi chnh la ten khac cua
Nguyen Hu Knh (Canh). Le la ten goi thng dung cua ong con Knh la ten
huy, truyen thuyet Quang Bnh van ke ve Cau Le tc la Nguyen Hu Knh
(Canh) [7]. Trnh Hoai c trong Gia nh thanh thong ch (GTTC) [16] a
tng ghi nhan Le Thanh hau ho Nguyen va co ten la Nguyen Phuc Le hay cho
khac la Nguyen Le, rat co the ho Trnh a s suat hay co ly do nao o ma ta
cha biet, v le ra ho ten cua ong phai la Nguyen Hu Le (dong ho Nguyen Hu)
mi ung. Ngoai ra ong con c goi la Le Cong (Ong Le) nh song Le Cong
hay bai Le Cong, en Le Cong. Ho Trnh cung a giai thch: Viec lay ten cua
ong em at ten song la muon ngi sau muon i khong quen n c cua ong
vay. Nh the cai ten Thanh cua Nguyen Hu Canh do gia pha ghi chep cung co
the la mot ten khac cua ong (can phai tham nh lai) nhng du sao trong sach
s cua S quan trieu Nguyen, van viet la Nguyen Hu Knh, Le Thanh hau, Le
Cong, Nguyen (Phuc) Le.
2. a danh Ng Khe va luy Hoa Phong
Thang 7 nam 1699, Nac Thu nc Chan Lap lam phan, ap cac luy Bch
oi, Nam Vang va Cau Nam (Nom), cp boc dan buon. Tng Long Mon la
Tran Thng Xuyen ong gi Doanh Chau (Vnh Long) em viec bao len. Mua
ong, thang 10 theo lenh chua Nguyen, Nguyen Hu Canh lam Thong suat,
Cai ba Pham Cam Long lam Tham mu, Lu thu Tran Bien la Nguyen Hu
Khanh lam Tien phong, lanh quan hai dinh Bnh Khang, Tran Bien va thuoc
binh 7 thuyen dinh Quang Nam, cung vi tng s Long Mon chuan b chinh
phat Chan Lap. Theo ai Nam liet truyen tien bien (NLTTB) [12] cho biet
ong a em quan: ...bay tran Rach Ca, ap luy Hoa Phong, sai ngi do xem
tnh hnh h thc roi chia ng tien anh, bc luy Nam Vang va Bch oi.
Vay a danh Ng Khe va luy Hoa Phong au? Ve a danh Ng Khe oc
theo am Nom la Rach Ca, hien cha thay tai lieu nao ghi nhan chnh xac v
tr. Trnh Hoai c viet trong GTTC lai cho Nguyen Hu Canh ong quan
Tan Chau: Thang 11, Chng c Le Thanh hau Nguyen cong va Tham mu
Cam Long hau Pham cong ieu ong Lu thu dinh Tran Bien la Nguyen Hu
Khanh va bien binh 2 dinh Quang Nam, Bnh Khang cung tng s Long Mon
en ong Tan Chau e do xem tnh hnh giac h that the nao, roi thang 3
nam Canh Thn (1700) keo quan thang en luy Nam Vang. Cung theo Trnh
Hoai c, Tan Chau xa thuoc thanh Gia nh, at gia song Doanh Chau
(Tan Chau trc cu lao Gieng nay la th xa Tan Chau, tnh An Giang). Nhng
theo nghien cu cua Nguyen Ngoc Hien [7] lai cho la Ng Khe va xac nh
tnh Vnh Long (Rach Cai Ca) ch khong phai la Tan Chau. Chung toi ong
y vi Nguyen Ngoc Hien ve a danh Ng Khe nhng khong tan thanh viec
xac nh Vnh Long (Rach Cai Ca theo GTTC ten ch Han la Ng Cau ch
khong phai la Ng Khe). Muon xac nh v tr cua Ng Khe theo y chung toi
trc het can phai xac nh v tr cua luy Hoa Phong, v da vao v tr nay ta se
xac nh c Ng Khe au. Tuy NTL [11] ch noi Nguyen Hu Canh em
108 Tp ch Nghin cu v Pht trin, s 9 (107) . 2013

quan cac ao tien vao nc Chan Lap, ong Ng Khe ma khong nhac en luy
Hoa Phong nhng theo Trnh Hoai c (GTTC) th luy Hoa Phong huyen
Bnh Dng, phu Tan Bnh, dinh Phien Tran (nay la huyen Hoc Mon, TPHCM)
giap ranh vi dinh Tran Bien, luy nay do Le Thanh hau ap e phong ng
Cao Mien. Theo ai Nam nhat thong ch (NNTC) [10] th luy Hoa Phong xa
goi la luy Lao Cam a phan hai huyen Bnh Dng va Bnh Long, vao nam
Canh Thn (1700): Thong suat Chng c Nguyen Hu Knh dep Cao Mien,
Lao Cam la oc ong noi thuoc xay ap luy nay, nen goi ten the. Do o, s
kien Nguyen Hu Canh cho ap luy Hoa Phong (Lao Cam) la chnh xac. Theo
s lieu th cuoc hanh binh cua Nguyen Hu Canh a dien bien theo th t: bay
binh tap tran Ng Khe va ap luy Hoa Phong sau o mi tham do tnh hnh
cuoc chien roi mi tien anh Nam Vang. Neu Ng Khe tan Vnh Long th
khong giai thch c nghch ly: ang tran tien, thong tin chien thang may
tran lien tiep cua Tran Thng Xuyen bao ve [11, 12] Nguyen Hu Canh lai
cho ap luy Hoa Phong mai tan Phien Tran! The th Ng Khe phai la mot v
tr gan luy Hoa Phong va thi iem ong quan la cuoi nam 1699.
Hien nay ong Nai co 2 a danh: Rach Ca va rach Ben Ca. Rach
Ca huyen Nhn Trach, tnh
ong Nai nhng cha thay
tai lieu xa nao nhac en. Co
le v tr nay xa con hoang
vu, ngi Man, Moi va ngi
Kinh con song tha tht. Va
lai ni ay kinh rach chang
cht nen v tr nay khong an
toan, khong thuan tien cho
viec ca oan quan thuyen cua
Nguyen Hu Canh ong quan
tap tran. Con rach Ben Ca
cu lao Tan Trieu, xa Tan
Bnh, huyen Vnh Cu, v tr
nay gan vi luy Hoa Phong
huyen Bnh Dng. Rat co
the Ng Khe chnh la cho
nay v rach Ben Ca, xa goi
la Rach Ca gan lien vi cu lao
Tan Trieu, Ben Ca noi tieng
a tng c s sach ghi
nhan. a danh Rach Ca va
ch Ben Ca vao the ky XIX
chnh la huyen l cua huyen
Phc Chanh, tnh Bien Hoa.
GTTC ghi chep ve ch Ng
Tan (ch Ben Ca) nh sau:
V tr rach Ben Ca (Rach Ca, Ng Khe) va Con goi la ch Bnh Thao,
cu lao Tan Trieu. tong Phc Vinh, khach buon
Tp ch Nghin cu v Pht trin, s 9 (107) . 2013 109

ong uc, ca ng thuy va ng bo eu thong suot ti ben, hang nc ngoai,

tho san a phng, sn hao, hai v khong g la khong co, la mot ch mien nui
rat ong uc chng to vung at tru phu, yen on va rat an toan nay xa co tam
quan trong ve chnh tr, kinh te. Sau nay vao nam 1778, Giam muc Ba a Loc
v lanh nan Cao Mien - Tay Sn a chon Tan Trieu e thiet lap chung vien va
Nguyen Anh khi ong quan tai Tran Bien van thng ti lui Tan Trieu gap g
Ba a Loc e ban bac quoc s [17]. Lng Van Lu trong Bien Hoa s lc toan
bien [6] cung ghi nhan: Ch Ben Ca: Nguyen la ch Ng Tan, xa thon Bnh
Thao, ngi buon ke ban tu tap. ng thuy luc eu thong thng. Hai v, sn
hao, noi hoa, ngoai hoa, khong thieu mon g. ay la mot ai thng hoi mien
nui, nay thuoc xa Bnh Phc () ch van con, nhng ngon rach bao Ngo Chau
(Tan Trieu) b at phu sa lap can (Hnh 1).(4)
D nhien trc o vao nam 1698, trong thi gian kinh lc, Nguyen Hu
Canh a tng co mat ong Nai, Vnh Cu va a biet cu lao Tan Trieu co gia
tr ra sao (Cu lao Pho tuy sam uat, tru mat nhng la a phan cua ngi Hoa,
khong tien viec binh). Theo Hoang Viet nhat thong d a ch [4] va GTTC
th gia cu lao Tan Trieu va cu lao Ngo Chau la mot dong song nho di ay
nhieu soi cat ch u cho thuyen oc moc, ghe nho qua lai, rach nay chay ngc
ve ch Ben Ca (Ng Tan). Da vao ghi chep cua GTTC: nam Giap Ty
(1744), nien hieu Canh Hng th 4 v co lu ln, b xoi l chia lam 2, pha ong
thanh cu lao Ngo pha tay thanh cu lao Tan Trieu, gia co mot song nho va
can va hep chia ranh gii, co the cho a danh Rach Ca (Ng Khe) la mot
a danh co trc nam 1744, luc nay cha b lu lut lam xoi l thanh song nho
(tieu giang) ma ch la mot khe suoi, rach nho mot cu lao khi cha chia thanh
cu lao Tan Trieu va Ngo Chau.
T Nha Trang (Bnh Khng) theo ng bien, oan thuyen cua Nguyen
Hu Canh trc het en ca bien Can Gi sau o en nga ba Nha Be, t ay
i ngc dong song ong Nai vao dinh Tran Bien (thuy trnh trong yeu nay,
trc o Tran Thng Xuyen a i vao ong Nai e khai pha cu lao Pho va sau
quan Tay Sn cung theo thuy trnh nay vao Gia nh, Bien Hoa) roi mi cho
tap ket, bay binh bo tran (co the hieu la tap tran, tru nh ke sach chien lc)
Rach Ca (Ng Khe) ong thi ha lenh ap luy Hoa Phong e phong ng Tran
Bien. Vay, a iem ly tng ma Nguyen Hu Canh cho quan binh cua dinh
Bnh Khng, Quang Nam cung dinh Tran Bien va quan Long Mon ong quan
va tap tran Rach Ca nay thuoc xa Tan Bnh, huyen Vnh Cu vao nam 1699
mi hp tnh hp ly. Trong phan chu thch t ban dch NLTTB (phan viet ve
Nguyen Hu Canh), dch gia Cao T Thanh cung a tng suy oan 4. Rach Ca:
nguyen van la Ng Khe ay tam ch ra am Nom, co le la rach Ben Ca, cho
ch Ben Ca tai thon Bnh Thao huyen Phc Chanh thuoc Bien Hoa [13].
Neu theo GTTC vao thang 11 nam 1699 Nguyen Hu Canh ong quan Tan
Chau roi cho do xet tnh hnh chien s nhng s that vao thang 3 nam 1700
(cac th tch eu nhat tr) Nguyen Hu Canh mi bat au xuat binh anh Nam
Vang, vay th khoang thi gian qua lau (4 thang) ch e do xet oi phng, an
binh bat ong trong tnh hnh chien s cang thang, Chan Lap anh pha, cp
boc bien gii la mot chuyen khong hp ly ve mat binh phap. Co the giai thch
hp ly hn: Nguyen Hu Canh va mi en Tran Bien, ong cho ong quan (sau
110 Tp ch Nghin cu v Pht trin, s 9 (107) . 2013

mot thuy trnh dai can phai cho quan binh ngh ngi, dng sc, bo sung lng
thao) tai Rach Ca (Tan Trieu) e tru hoach chien lc, bay binh tap tran va
can phai xay luy Hoa Phong e phong ng Tran Bien mot cach chu ao (neu
chien s dien bien khong tot). Moi viec xong xuoi, oan quan thuyen cua ong
mi co the tien en ong tai on Tan Chau (sat bien gii Cao Mien) nh Trnh
Hoai c ghi chep, luc nay Nguyen Hu Canh mi sai ngi do xem tnh hnh
thc lc cua quan Chan Lap, sau khi nghe tin Tran Thng Xuyen thang tran,
ong mi ha lenh xuat binh anh thang vao Nam Vang vao nam 1700, NTL
tng thuat: Thang 3, Thong binh Tran Thng Xuyen cung quan giac anh
lien tiep nhieu tran eu c. Khi quan ta en luy Bch oi va Nam Vang,
Nac Thu em quan on anh. Nguyen Hu Knh mac nhung phuc ng tren
au thuyen, vung gm vay c, oc cac quan anh gap, tieng sung vang nh
sam. Nac Thu ca s, bo thanh chay. Nac Yem (con vua th hai Nac Non) ra
hang, Hu Knh vao thanh, yen vo dan chung. Mua he, thang 4, Nac Thu en
ca quan au hang, xin nop cong. Nguyen Hu Knh bao tin thang tran roi lui
quan ong on Lao oi, kinh ly viec bien gii [11]. Nhan ay chung toi xin
lu y: Cac sach s xa nay eu ton vinh mot mnh Le Thanh hau co cong trang
ln, hien hach trong tran anh bnh nh Chan Lap la co phan hi cng ieu.
Nh oan trch dan tren (va ca NLTTB phan viet ve Tran Thng Xuyen)
eu cho biet Tran Thng Xuyen a thang tran lien tiep sau o Nguyen Hu
Canh mi anh on quyet nh va thang tran de dang, nh vay cong lao cua
Tran Thng Xuyen cung rat quan trong.
3. Nguyen Hu Canh chet v bao benh?
Ve cai chet cua Nguyen Hu Canh, noi chung cac tai lieu nh GTTC,
NLTTB, NTL va cac s sach sau nay da vao eu cho la sau khi thang tran,
Nguyen Hu Canh mat ot ngot v bao benh. ien hnh la ghi chep cua NTL
nh sau: Thang 5, Thong suat chng c Nguyen Hu Knh chet. au la Hu
Knh ong quan Lao oi, gap ma to gio ln, nui Lao oi l tieng keu nh
sam. em ay mong thay mot ngi mat o may trang, tay cam cai phu viet bao
rang : Tng quan nen kp em quan ve, lau ay khong li. Hu Knh ci
noi rang: Menh tri, co phai at nay au?. Khi tnh day, than the moi
met, nhng van ci noi nh thng e gi yen long quan. Kp benh nang, ben
than rang: Ta muon het sc bao en n nc nhng so tri co han, sc ngi
lam c g au?. Ben keo quan ve, i en Sam Khe (Rach Gam, thuoc tnh
nh Tng) th chet, bay gi 51 tuoi [11].
Nhng trong dan gian lai lu truyen ve cai chet cua Nguyen Hu Canh
khac han. Vng Hong Sen trong T v tieng noi mien Nam muc t Cu
Hu,a viet: Cu Hu, ten vung at thuoc lang Tan Thanh, tnh An Giang, nay
thuoc tnh ong Thap. Ni ay nam 1837 co xay ra tran giao tranh d doi
gia binh nha Nguyen vi binh Xiem lien hiep, trong tran ta thang nhng hai
tng t tran, o la oc binh Vang, co ten ghi vao kinh oc Vang, va Chng
binh Le Thanh hau Nguyen Hu Canh [19]. Trong Noi ve mien Nam, Sn
Namcung a viet rang: Nguyen Hu Canh a mang benh v kh hau vung
at xa la (va co le v mang thng tch nhng cac s gia a che giau) [15]. Bo
qua chi tiet sai lam ve nien ai va s gan ket Nguyen Hu Canh vi oc Vang,
Tp ch Nghin cu v Pht trin, s 9 (107) . 2013 111

cac thong tin cua Vng Hong Sen va Sn Nam chng to a co

mot s lu truyen ve cai chet cua Nguyen Hu Canh la do t
tran ch khong phai la b bao benh nh s lieu a ghi chep. S
that co phai nh the khong? Chung toi a tm thay trong sach
Hoang Viet nhat thong d a ch la bo a ch au tien cua
trieu Nguyen do Binh Bo Thng th Le Quang nh (1759-
1813) soan xong va dang len vua Gia Long vao nam 1806 a
ghi nhan Nguyen Hu Canh chet tran (tran vong). Nguyen
van ch Han nh sau: Tch d Cao Mien binh tng chien,
tran vong: Ngay trc tng giao chien vi Cao Mien roi chet
tran [4] (Hnh 2). Hoa ra Nguyen Hu Canh khong phai chet
v bao benh ma chet tai tran tien! Vay s that co the la Thong
suat Le Thanh hau du thang tran Cao Mien nhng v trc o
trong luc giao chien than b trong thng hay ung hn la sau
o co kha nang b tan quan Chan Lap phuc kch v theo NTL
cho biet: Nguyen Hu Knh bao tin thang tran roi lui quan
ong on Lao oi, kinh ly viec bien gii [11] va GTTC ghi
chep chi tiet nay: ...nhng v viec ngoai bien cha xong, bon
yeu nghiet con an nup chon nui rng [16] nen chac la ong a
b trong thng va sau ot ngot qua i nhng do cong trang
to ln va long dan knh mo nen cac s gia trieu Nguyen a noi
thac la chet v benh e yen long quan dan.
Hnh 2 Nhan ban ve cai chet cua Nguyen Hu Canh, chung toi xin
ke them ve mot truyen thuyet co t lau i lien quan en
Nguyen Hu Canh, viet theo li ke cua anh o Cong Luan, dan goc Ch on
(cu lao Pho), thanh pho Bien Hoa, nam nay 62 tuoi, truyen thuyet do chnh
than phu anh la ong o Van Tram (sinh nam 1917 xuat than t Trng Ba
nghe Bien Hoa, chuyen ve gom s) ke lai: Vao nam 1698, Le Thanh hau
Nguyen Hu Canh vang lenh chua Nguyen vao Nam kinh lc vung at mi
khai pha, lap ra dinh Tran Bien. Khoang nam 1700 ong thong lnh binh s i
dep loan Man Di vung Phc Long, thng nguon Song Be. Tren mot go at
cao cu lao Pho, mot ngay tri quang may tanh, ong lam le xuat quan. Bong
co mot ba ong bong, goi la co bong Hien len ong ngan can: ng i se nguy
hiem en tanh mang. V trung quan ai quoc, ong tuot gm chem co bong va
ra lenh tien binh theo dong ong Nai ve hng thng nguon. en ni ong b
trung ten oc cua ke thu phai vong mang. Thi hai ong c a ve quan tai
go at ni lam le xuat binh, trc khi c a ve an tang que hng Quang
Bnh. Ni go at cao o, sau nay dan lang lap ra nh Bnh Knh e th t
ong cung vi ngoi mo. Hng ben kia song gan Thanh Lng co t, dan lang
lap ra ngoi mieu th co bong Hien. D nhien, cac truyen thuyet thng b nan
tam sao that ban do thi gian, ky c phai m, s lan lon ve a danh nh
s tch nay la ieu de hieu. Nhng ieu chung toi muon lu y chnh la truyen
thuyet nay cung phu hp s that lch s: Nguyen Hu Canh ung la v vo tng
bnh Man, kinh lc Cao Mien, trc khi xuat binh ong a tng co mat vung
at Tran Bien, ung la ong b chet tran ch khong phai la b bao benh ma
chet. ac biet s tch nay con noi en moi lien quan gia Nguyen Hu Canh va
112 Tp ch Nghin cu v Pht trin, s 9 (107) . 2013

co bong Hien. Tng chng nh hnh anh mot ba ong bong c

goi la co bong Hien nhuom mau huyen thoai do dan gian h cau
theu det nen nhng khong, nhan vat co bong Hien la co that
trong lch s. Chung toi a tm thay oan van lien quan ve ba
trong sach HVNTDC, soan gia Le Quang nh la ngi goc
Bnh Dng, Gia nh a viet ve ngoi mieu co vung at thuoc
huyen Phc Chanh (huyen Vnh Cu, tnh ong Nai) xa nh
sau: Bong Hien mieu, mieu tai giang chi bac, tch hu n vu
danh Bong Hien cau nhat ngoa mieu, phung t than linh. Kim
mieu ton van (Mieu Bong Hien, mieu ben b bac, ngay xa co
ba ong ten la Bong Hien lap ngoi mieu ngoi nay e th than
linh, ngay nay van con [4] (Hnh 3). Soan nien cua sach nay la
nam 1806, cach noi ngi xa th t nhat cach xa mot i ngi
co tuoi tho khoang 70 hoac co the cach xa may i na, khoang
the ky 17 hay 18.
Chung toi a en tan ban quan cua co bong Hien xa Thien Tan,
huyen Vnh Cu, tnh ong Nai e tm hieu them ve mieu Bong
Hien, dan a phng van goi la mieu Ba Co v s pham huy
va nay van con ca ngoi mo cua ba.(5) Mo hien nay ch la mo c
trung tu vao nam 1970 (da vao ngoi mo xa a h hai). Tren
bia mo thay khac ch Han: (hang gia): Ban x Thanh Nng
tnh Pham chi mo, (hang doc phai): Sinh Giap Ty nien (?) nh
nguyet thap ngu nhat (?), (hang doc trai): Thanh Hoa ap hng
chc cap thien nam tn n ong lap (?) (Hnh 4) ai y ghi mo
nay la cua ba Thanh Nng ho Pham ngi ban x va ba sinh
vao ngay 15 thang 2 nam Giap Ty (hien mieu Ba Co van ky
Hnh 3 niem le Va Co (ngay sinh nhat) vao ngay 15 thang 2), do cac
hng chc va thien nam tn n ap Thanh Hoa ong lap mo.
Khong thay ghi nam qua i (co le bia mo xa b h phan ghi
ngay thang nam mat).
Qua thong tin cua Le Quang nh va mo ch, ba Thanh Nng
ho Pham ten la Hien. Theo can chi, Giap Ty thuoc nhng
nam 1624, 1684, 1744. T c lieu tren, co the xac nh thi
ai cua co bong Hien vao khoang the ky 17, 18 an khp vi
ghi chep cua Le Quang nh. Nh vay, co le cau chuyen bi
tham ve so phan cua Nguyen Hu Canh cung nh ba ong cot
ho Pham khong n gian ch la mot huyen thoai? Nh tren
chung toi a chng minh ve a iem Nguyen Hu Canh ong
quan Rach Ca, cu lao Tan Trieu, nay la xa Tan Bnh, huyen
Vnh Cu th v tr nay cach khong xa so vi v tr mieu Bong
Hien nay xa Thien Tan, huyen Vnh Cu va cung rat co the
a tng xay ra cuoc dien kien gia Nguyen Hu Canh va ba
Hnh 4
bong Hien? Can c vao nam sinh ghi tren bia mo cua ba bong
Hien la nam Giap Ty ta co the oan nh o la nam 1624 v thi iem nam
1699 (Nguyen Hu Canh ong quan Rach Ca) ba khoang tuoi 75 (neu la nam
1684 th ba con qua tre, mi 15 tuoi khong the tr thanh ba ong cot noi tieng
 Tp ch Nghin cu v Pht trin, s 9 (107) . 2013 113

c, neu la nam 1744 ba khong thuoc thi ai Nguyen Hu Canh [1650-1700]).

Biet au chng, trong boi canh the ky 17 xa kia, khi con ngi con song trong
nhng niem tin, than tng khac han thi nay nh Trnh Hoai c a tng ghi
chep trong GTTC ve tap tuc, tn ngng ngi dan Gia nh, Bien Hoa: Ho
sung ao Phat, tin viec ong bong, knh trong n than, nh: ba Chua Ngoc, ba
Chua ong (tuc goi phu n sang trong bang ba), ba Hoa Tinh, ba Thuy Long,
co Hong, co Hanh v.v... [16] va ngay ca s lieu trieu Nguyen nh NTL (hay
trong NLTTB va GTTC) cung con phai ghi chep ng hoang khi noi ve v
than bao mong cho Nguyen Hu Canh mot ngi mat o may trang, tay cam
cai phu viet bao rang: Tng quan nen kp em quan ve, lau ay khong li.
Phai chang ay la mot phien ban khac t giai thoai co bong Hien len ong
ngan can Nguyen Hu Canh: ng i se nguy hiem en tanh mang ? Hien
nay tn ngng ong cot, ong bong a c anh gia lai. Trong nghi thc ong
bong co chau van con c goi la hat van hay hat bong. ay von la mot loai
hnh nghe thuat co truyen cua Viet Nam. Nghi le chau van cua ngi Viet a
c a vao danh muc di san e nghien cu lap ho s trnh UNESCO cong
nhan la Di san van hoa The gii.(6)
D nhien, chung toi khong he khang nh truyen thuyet tren la s that
lch s nhng du sao trong o phan nao cung phu hp vi s lieu: ba bong Hien
va Nguyen Hu Canh la ngi cung thi ai. Tng co li tien oan hung g ve
so phan cua Nguyen Hu Canh va sau ong a chet.
VT
CHU THCH
(1) Manuel des ecoles primaires ou simples notions sur les sciences: a lusage des jeunes eleves
des ecoles de ladministration de la basse-cochinchine (Volume 1), Trng Vnh Ky, Saigon,
1876. Nguon: http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k54603724
(2) Xem them: 1. Nguyen Hu Canh, nguon: http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_H%
E1%BB%AFu_C%E1%BA%A3nh. 2. Nguyen Hu Canh (1650-1700) - Le Thanh hau, Tong
binh thi Nguyen. Nguon: http://nguoiquangbinh.net/forum/diendan/showthread.php?t=16012
(3) Nguyen Hu Hiep, Chng c Le Thanh hau Nguyen Hu Canh, nhan vat lch s co nhieu
ngo nhan ang tiec. Nguon: http://namkyluctinh.org/a-lichsu/nhhiep-nguyenhuucanh.htm
(4) S o do Hs Nguyen Minh thc hien.
(5) Lng Van Lu trong Bien Hoa s lc cung a tng ghi chep ve mieu Ba Co va ngoi mo
co cua ba nhng soan gia lai ke mot truyen thuyet bi tham khac ve vo tng bnh Man Le
Van Le thi T c lien quan en ba ong cot Pham Th Hien (Co bong Hien). Cau chuyen
xoay quanh viec ba Hien len ong thnh cot tien oan so phan cua Le Van Le rang: Tien
thang hau hung, qua nhien sau ong thang tran nen a ha lenh cho ngi en mieu Ba Co
e chem au co bong Hien nhng ong lai b sa bay va ong mi hoi han lien cho lenh huy an
tram nhng khong kp, co Hien a b chem chet. Qua au long va cung v cung ng ong
ben rut kiem t van. Ve nhan vat Le Van Le thi T c chung toi khong tm ra nhng vao
thi Minh Mang th co An sat Bien Hoa la Le Van Le a tng tham chien anh loan quan Le
Van Khoi. Le Van Le thua tran bo thanh, b giang chc, sau co cong lai c phuc chc. Ong
chet v benh. Co le truyen thuyet nay b lan lon vi nhan vat ten la LE, thay v la LE Thanh
hau Nguyen Hu Canh, ngi mang ten la Nguyen Phuc (Hu) LE la mot danh tng bnh
Man, kinh lc Cao Mien nh truyen thuyet do o Van Tram ke lai (a dan trong bai) nhng
co the dan gian a nh lam la Le Van LE. Thi co bong Hien thuoc thi ai cua Nguyen Hu
Canh (Le Quang nh a ghi chep ve mieu Bong Hien vao nam 1806 trong HVNTDC) nen
chac chan Le Van Le thi Minh Mang khong lien quan en bong Hien.
(6) Nghe thuat hat van va nghi le chau van cua Viet Nam, nguon: http://www.cinet.gov.vn/userfiles/
file/2012/chau2/index.html
114 Tp ch Nghin cu v Pht trin, s 9 (107) . 2013

TAI LIEU THAM KHAO

1. o Van Ninh. T ien chc quan Viet Nam, Nxb Thanh nien, 2002.
2. Huynh Minh. Gia nh xa (tai ban co chnh ly bo sung), Nxb Van hoa Thong tin, 2006.
3. Hunh Tnh Paulus Cua. ai Nam quac am t v, Tom I-II, Sai Gon, 1895-1896, Nxb Tre, tai
ban, 1998.
4. Le Quang nh. Hoang Viet nhat thong d a ch, Phan ang (dch chu), Nxb Thuan Hoa,
Trung tam Van hoa Ngon ng ong Tay, 2002. (Nguyen ban ch Han in kem theo phan phu
luc cua sach).
5. Le Sn-Nguyen Hu Quy (Su tam, chu thch). Nguyen Hu toc gia pho - Thach Ha, Thuy
Chau, Hng Thuy, Tha Thien Hue, Nxb Tong hp TP Ho Ch Minh, 2003.
6. Lng Van Lu. Bien Hoa s lc toan bien, tap 1,2, Tac gia xuat ban (1972-1973).
7. Nh Hien Nguyen Ngoc Hien. Le Thanh hau Nguyen Hu Canh vi cong cuoc khai sang mien
Nam nc Viet cuoi the ky th XVII, Nxb Van hoc, 1997.
8. Phan Khoang. Viet s x ang Trong, Nxb Khai tr, 1970.
9. Pham Van Sn. Viet s toan th, Sai Gon, 1960.
10. Quoc S Quan trieu Nguyen. ai Nam nhat thong ch, Nxb Thuan Hoa, Hue, 1992.
11. Quoc S Quan trieu Nguyen. ai Nam thc luc, Vien S hoc dch, Nxb Giao duc, 2001.
12. Quoc S Quan trieu Nguyen. ai Nam liet truyen (tap 1), o Mong Khng dch, Hoa Bang
hieu nh, Nxb Thuan Hoa (tai ban lan 2), Hue, 2006.
13. Quoc S Quan trieu Nguyen. ai Nam liet truyen tien bien, Cao T Thanh dch chu, Nxb
Khoa hoc Xa hoi, 1995.
14. Sn Nam. Lch s khan hoang mien Nam, Nxb Tre, 2009.
15. Sn Nam. Noi ve mien Nam, ca tnh mien Nam, thuan phong my tuc Viet Nam, Nxb Tre, 2007.
16. Trnh Hoai c. Gia nh thanh thong ch, Ly Viet Dung dch va chu giai, Huynh Van Ti hieu
nh, gii thieu, Nxb Tong hp ong Nai, 2008.
17. Trng Ba Can. Lch s phat trien Cong giao Viet Nam, Tap 1: Thi ky khai pha va hnh thanh
(t khi thuy cho ti cuoi the ky XVIII), Nxb Ton giao, Ha Noi, 2008.
18. Vu Van Knh. ai t ien ch Nom, Nxb Van nghe, 1999.
19. Vng Hong Sen. T v tieng noi mien Nam, Nxb Tre, 1999.
TOM TAT
Nguyen Hu Canh (1650-1700) la mot v danh tng di thi chua Nguyen Phuc Chu,
ong la ngi co cong khai pha, m mang b coi at nc ve phng nam. Cong lao cua ong c
s sach trieu Nguyen ghi nhan, c nhan dan ton knh va th phung nhieu ni. Tuy nhien, cac
tai lieu viet ve than the va s nghiep cua Nguyen Hu Canh hien van con mot so chi tiet khuc
mac can c giai quyet thau ao. Bai viet nham gop phan lam sang to mot so chi tiet lien quan
en cuoc i cua Nguyen Hu Canh: Ve ten that cua Nguyen Hu Canh; Xac nh cac a danh
Ng Khe (Rach Ca) va luy Hoa Phong trong cuoc chien bnh Chan Lap vao nam 1699-1700; Tm
hieu ve cai chet cua Nguyen Hu Canh la do bao benh hay chet tai tran tien, cung mot vai truyen
thuyet lien quan en cai chet cua ong.
ABSTRACT
A CONTRIBUTION TO LEARNING ABOUT LE THANH HAU NGUYEN HU CANH
Nguyen Hu Canh (1650-1700), a famous general under the reign of Lord Nguyen Phuc
Chu, had the merit of expanding the country to the south. His merit was recognized by the Nguyen
Dynasty; and he was respected and worshipped in many places. However, documents about his
life and career still contain some ambiguous details, which need to be resolved thoroughly. This
paper attempts to clarify some details concerning the life of Nguyen Hu Canh, such as finding
out about his real name, identifying the sites of Ng Khe (Fish creek) and Hoa Phong Rampart
during the war against the Kingdom of Chenla (1699-1700), finding out about the reason why he
died, of serious illness or in the battle, together with some legends related to his death.