MATM 122

Materials and
Methods

Thermal Insulation and

E.I.F.S. Systems

See where
experience
takes you.
Learning Objectives

Select
appropriate types of insulation for various
applications in the design of a building

Understand heat transfer and how insulation can

be used to control it

Beaware of problems caused by moisture

penetrating the insulation
 Heat
Air
Moisture
HAM mechanisms
Heat, air and moisture movements
Across the building envelope are
inseparable

Today walls need four

principal control layers

a water control layer

an air control layer
a water vapour control layer
a thermal control layer
Thermal Insulation

Insulation is used in buildings to prevent heat loss or Heat

gain.

The main purpose was originally economic, but now we

have the added impetus of climate change..40% of the
worlds Greenhouse Gases are the result of our buildings
use of energy

Provides more accurate control of temperatures, prevent

condensations.
 Moisture is a critical issue: insulation saturated with water
transfers heat 15 to 20 times faster than dry insulation

Insulationthat is saturated with ice transfers heat 50 times

faster than dry insulation

Critical attention must be paid to vapour barrier selection,

installation and maintenance
 In general the more insulation the better is a good
principle to start with:

Insulation not only saves money, but also increases

thermal comfort, it helps create more sustainable
buildings, it is very durable, inexpensive, it functions both
in winter and summer and very easy to install
Types and forms on Insulating Materials

Type indicate the composition of internal structure

Form overall shape or application

Thermal insulation is manufactured from a
variety of materials

1. Metallic insulation
2. Organic fibrous insulation materials
3. Organic cellular materials
4. Mineral fibrous
5. Mineral cellular
 Insulation Materials

2- Organic 3- Organic 4- Mineral 5-
1- Metallic
Fibrous Cellular Fibrous Mineral
Insulation
Insulation Insulation Insulation Cellular
Insulation

Metallic foils cotton, wood, polyurethane, rock, glass, slag perlite,

cellulose, and polystyrene, cork, and asbestos vermiculate
synthetic fibers cotton, recycled and foamed
materials and foamed rubber glass
 Metallic insulation

Comes in the form of metallic

foils such as aluminum or copper
or as organic insulation material
with metallic laminate
Organic fibrous materials

Include cane, cotton, wood, cellulose, and

synthetic fibers
Organic cellular materials

Include polyurethane,
polystyrene, cork, cotton,
recycled materials and
foamed rubber

Composed of small
individual cells
 Mineral fibrous materials

Include rock, glass, slag and asbestos melted and

spun into fibers

Composed of small diameter fibers which

divide the air space

Fibers may be parallel or perpendicular to the

surface being insulated

Glass, rock, wool, slag wool, silica fibers

Glass fiber and wool are the most widely used

Mineral cellular materials

Include perlite, vermiculate perlite

and foamed glass

vermiculate
 Insulation form
Insulationis produced in variety of forms
Suitable for specific function

Most insulation used in buildings fit into one of the

following categories:

1- Loose- Fill insulation

2- Batts and Blankets
3- Rigid insulation
4- Foamed-in-place and sprayed insulation
Loose-fill Insulation
Loose-fill insulation includes loose
fibers. Or fiber pellets that are blown
into building cavities or roof-spaces
using special pneumatic equipment.

Another form includes fibers that are

co-sprayed with an adhesive to make
them resistant to settling.

The blown-in material can provide

additional resistance to air infiltration if
the insulation is Sufficiently dense.

This type of insulation is usually made

of fiber glass, rock wool or cellulose,

Although there are some local products

based on sheep's wool. Cellulose is made
from recycled plant material treated with
Fire retardant chemicals.
Batts and blankets In the form of bats or rolls, blankets
are flexible products made from
glass or mineral fibers.
They are available in widths suited
to standard spacings of wall studs,
ceiling or floor joists.

Continuous rolls can be hand-cut

and trimmed to fit. They are
available with or without vapor
retarding facings. Bats with a
special flame-resistant facing are
available in various widths for
basement walls where the
insulation may be left exposed.
Fiber glass is manufactured from
sand and recycled glass, and rock
wool is made from basaltic rock
and recycled material from steel
mill wastes
Batts are available in 48 in lengths
and blankets come in rolls up o 8 ft
Rigid Insulation This kind of insulation is made from fibrous
materials or plastic foams and is pressed or
extruded into board-like forms and molded
pipe-coverings. These provide both thermal
and acoustical insulation, strength with low
weight, and coverage with few heat loss
paths.
Rigid foam boards are made of poly-
isocyanurate, extruded polystyrene (XPS or
blue board), expanded polystyrene (EPS),
or other materials.

These boards are lightweight, provide

structural support, and generally have a
high R-values.

Rigid board insulation is made to be used in

confined spaces such as exterior walls,
basements, foundation and concrete slabs,
and ceilings. Such boards may also be
faced with are reflective foil that reduces
heat flow when next to an air space..

Available in thicknesses from 2 to 12 in (50

to 505 mm)
Boards

These are used

mainly in walls
Foamed-in-Place and Sprayed insulation

Most foamed in place are made of plastics

Polyurethane, icynene and soy based
Products

Can be applied by a professional

applicator using special equipment to
meter, mix, and spray the foam directly
into cavities within the building.

The foam then expands as it sets to fully

seal The cavity. This form of insulation
can therefore help to reduce air leaks
 Reflective Barriers

Radiant, or reflective, barriers inhibit heat

transfer by thermal radiation

When a radiant barrier is places directly

underneath the roofing material
incorporating an air gap, much of the heat
radiated from the hot roof is reflected
back.

Reflected barrier are made of aluminum or

copper foil in sheets or rolls

Rolls are typically 24 and 48 in (610 and

1,220 mm)
Wall
Walls

Most insulation materials should not be exposed on either the indoors or

outdoors.
Roofs


Roofs

Roofs
non-Accessible roofs: where access to a roof will be limited to
maintenance staff the inverted roof should be formed using
aggregate as ballast, with walkways formed with paving slabs
on spacers. The lightweight inverted roof is also suitable for thi
application

roof terraces: where a roof will

receive regular pedestrian
traffic the inverted roof should
be formed with a ballast layer of
paving slabs supported on
suitable spacers
Moisture Control
Drainage Plane/Water
Resistive Barrier

Rain is the single most important

factor to control in order to
construct a durable structure.
Dr. Joseph Lstiburek

Drainage planes (also referred to

as water resistive barrier or
WRB)
Gravity is the driving force in drainage
lane function.

Gravityis very reliable. Water

management techniques that ignore or try to
counteract gravity reverse lapped flashings
for example are bound to fail.

In order for a drainage plane to be effective

it must be continuous in the field of the
water repellent material and integrated with
flashings and to the water management
strategies of other
enclosure assemblies (such as roofs,
foundations, and windows).
 Moisture Control

Rain Control:
Rain penetration into and trough building a surface is governed by capillary,
momentum, surface tension, gravity, and wind (air-pressure) forces.
Capillarity: Capillary forces draw rain water into pores
and tiny cracks.
 Moisture Control

Rain Control:
Rain penetration into and trough building a surface is governed by capillary,
momentum, surface tension, gravity, and wind (air-pressure) forces.
Momentum:
 Moisture Control
Rain Control:
Rain penetration into and trough building a surface is governed by capillary,
momentum, surface tension, gravity, and wind (air-pressure) forces.
Surface tension:
Deterioration due to moisture
Deterioration due to moisture
EIFS
(Exterior Insulation
finishing
system)
..
. EIFS
Assignment No 1
p. 1 of 2

 EIFS
Assignment No 1
p. 2 of 2
EIFS(Exterior Insulation finishing system)

Developed in Europe in the 1950s, its

introduction in Canada provided builders
with another durable, relatively
maintenance-free exterior wall finish that
was aesthetically pleasing and cost-
effective.
This multicomponent system consists of:

An insulation board, generally expanded polystyrene (EPS)

A strong adhesive and/or a mechanical fastening system
A durable base coat reinforced with a glass fiber mesh
A finish coat that protects the substrate and is available in a
variety of factory prepared colors.
 Various textures can be created during the application process.

Architectural shapes such as cornices, fascias, quoins

articulation, keystones, and arches can be created in the facade
by the use of additions to the base EPS board and/or routing of
various portions of the EPS board.
 EIFS(Exterior insulation finishing system)
 EIFS
Face-sealed EIFS Assembly
Drainable EIFS Assembly
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www.dryvit.ca
www.dryvit.ca
www.dryvit.ca
www.dryvit.ca
http://www.stocorp.com/index.php/en/new-
details-eifs/menu-id-331.html
Advantages of EIFS include:

location of the insulation protects the primary structure

from temperature extremes and moisture-related damage,

exterior insulation, particularly in steel framed buildings,

can result in energy savings, and reduced cost of HVAC
equipment,

complex surface features are possible in a wide range of

finish colours and textures,

smaller dead loads and reduced structural costs, thinner

walls will increase usable area and reduce building
footprint,

an EIFS can be pre-manufactured in tranferrable panels.

Disadvantages include:

sensitivity to deficiencies in workmanship,

particularly at joints penetrations and sealants,

susceptibility to mechanical damage.

Consideration should also be given to three key

elements of EIFS:
Rain Penetration at Joints
Interstitial Condensation
Cracking of the Lamina