DLB @4.465

GOVERNMENT OF ANDHRA PRADESH
IRRIGATION & CAD DEPARTMENT
MODERNISATION OF
KRISHNA WESTERN DELTA SYSTEM
PACKAGE NO.28
DESIGN AND DRAWING OF

S.L.R.B AT KM 41.600
ON REPALLE MAIN DRAIN
SEW INFRASTRUCTURE Ltd.,

TENALI
REPORT ACCOMPANYING THE
Design of D.L.Bridge @ KM 8.365 of KOLLIMERLA DRAIN
1) Introduction:-
Ullipalem Channel is an offtake of Isukapalli Channel @KM and it runs for a length
of kms to serve an ayacut of acres with a head discharge of cumecs.
The correction slip to the agreement was issued vide SE's memo no. Dt:- .Accordingly
the design was prepared for construction of SLB at KM 3.50 of ullipalem channel to connect the
fields with village.
2) Hydraulic Particulars of Canal:-
S.No Description Unit at km 1.35 D/S
1 Dischrge Required Cumecs 229.817 229.817

2 Dischrge Designed Cumecs 229.817 229.817
3 Bed width m 38.000 38.000
4 Max.Flood Depth m 4.700 4.700
5 Side Slopes (Inner/Outer) 1.5:1 / 1.5:1 #REF!
6 Surface Fall 1 IN 8757 1 IN 8757
7 Value of Rugosity (n) 0.025 0.025
8 Free Board m 1.00 1.00
9 Velocity m/sec 1.036 1.036
10 Top width of Banks (Left/Right) m 1.83/1.83 1.83/1.83
11 DBL m 0.210 0.210
12 MFL m 4.910 4.910
13 TBL m 5.910 5.910
14 Proposed Road Level m 6.605 6.605
3) Type of Bridge Proposed:-

A Single Lane Bridge without footpath is proposed to facilitate traffic between the
above mentioned two villages. The width of carriage way is 4.25 m.
4) Vent way provided under the structure:
Keeping in view of the Canal bed width, side slopes 1 vent (span) of 4.700 M clear span
is proposed. To avoid afflux due to obstruction of abutments , the bed width of can al is increased
to reduce afflux to 0Cm.
5) Foundations:-
As per the HPs the bed level of the Canal at the point of crossing is +1.533 M. The
scour depth is calculated based on Lacey's formula assuming the Laceys silt factor as 1
and foundation level is fixed at 0.6000 M. However, the cutoff level is fixed at +0.000 M
500 mm thick sand cushion is provided below the foundations.
The maximum and minimum stresses are worked out which are as follows.
Sl.No. Description Stress in Stress in Steel Stress on soil
Concrete (Mpa) (T/Sqm)
(Mpa)
Max Min Max Min

1 Abutments 216.31 -170.83 - -
2 Piers #REF! #REF!
6) Abutments and Pier:-
The abutments are designed in RCC M-20 using 20 mm MSA. The top width of abutment is
1000 mm and bottom width also 1000 mm. 650 mm thick foundation concrete in RCC M-20 using
20mm MSA shall be provided.
7) Weep holes:
Weep holes of 75f are to be provided with reverse filters as per IS 4558-1995 on front side of
abutments and returns above FS.L at 1.5 m interval staggered both vertically and horizontally to
facilitate the drainage of the back fill soil due to raise in water table or other-wise.
8) Super structure:
450 mm thick deck slab is proposed in RCC M-20 using 20 mm MSA. The reinforcement details
are shown in the drawing.
9) Wearing coat:
Wearing coat of 100 mm thick at center and 50 mm thick at edge is provided in CC M-25 using
20 mm MSA over the deck slab.
10) Bed Blocks:-

300 mm thick bed block in RCC M-30 grade using 20 mm MSA HBG metal is provided over
the abutments to support the deck slab. 1000 mm thick bed block in RCC M-25 grade using 20
mm MSA HBG metal is provided over the abutements to support the deck slab.
11) Expansion joints:
20 mm thick preformed expansion joint filler conforming to IS-1838-1983 are provided at the
junction of abutment and deck slab on both ends as indicated in the drawings.
12) Drainage spouts:

100 mm dia GI pipes to dispose off rain water are proposed at the kerb edges as shown in the
drawing.
13) Approach slab:-

300 mm thick approach slab in RCC M-20 using 20mm MSA HBG metal with 12 dia bars at
150 mm c/c both ways is proposed over well consolidated gravel base of 225mm thick and
extending for a length of 3.50 m on either side of the bridge. Wearing coat of 100mm thick at
center and 50mm thick at edge is provided in CC M-25 using 20mm MSA over the approach slab.
For Ramky Infrastructure Ltd.
Authorised Signatory
Design of D.L.Bridge @ KM 8.365 of KOLLIMERLA DRAIN
Hydraulic Particulars of Canal at point of crossing:-
1 Required Discharge = 229.817 Cumecs
2 Design Discharge = 229.817 Cumecs
3 F.S.L = 4.910 Mts
4 F.S.Depth = 4.700 Mts
5 Bed Level = 0.210 Mts
6 Bed Width = 38.000 Mts
7 Surface fall = 1 IN 8757
8 Free Board = 1.000 Mts
9 Velocity = 1.036 M/Sec
10 Value of 'n' = 0.025
11 Side Slopes = 2 :1
12 Existing Road Level = 5.800 Mts
13 Top Bank Level = 5.910 Mts
14 Top width at FSL = 56.800 Mts
BRIDGE DATA :
1 Formation level (RCL) = 6.605 M
2 Clear span = 9.000 M
3 Overall span = 10.000 M
4 No. of spans = 5 No
5 Clear width of road = 7.500 M
6 Over all width of road = 8.450 M
7 No. of central piers = 4 Nos
8 No.of abutments = 2 Nos
9 Type of Bridge = Right angle deck slab without foot paths
Providing
Avg.Thickness of wearing coat = 0.075 M
Thickness of Slab = 0.720 M
Minimum vertical clearance = 0.900 M
As per IRC - 5 : 1998.,Clause 106.2.1
( I ) Formation level = F.S.L + Minimum vertical clearance + Thickness of Slab +
Thickness of W .C.
= 4.91 +0.9 + 0.72 +0.075
= 6.605 M
( II ) Formation level = Existing Road level

= 5.800 M
Formation level shall be maximum of above two.
Hence provided formation level = 6.605 M
Level at bottom of Slab = 6.605 - 0.72 -0.075

= 5.810 M
Provide top width of abutment = 1.00 M
Width of abutment at F.S.L = 1.38 M
Width of abutment at C.B.L = 1.61 M
Normal Canal cross section Area " A " = (38 + 56.8) / 2 x 4.7
= 222.780 Sq.M
0.075 R.C.L = +6.605

0.720 +5.81
9.5M F.S.L = +4.91
C.B.L = 0.21
47.521
Clear width of canal at CBL = 43.521 M
Clear width of canal at FSL = 44.833 M
Net area of flow at crossing " a " = (43.5209302325581 + 44.8325581395349) / 2 x 4.7

= 207.63 Sq.M
Afflux :-
Afflux as per Molesworth's Formula
Afflux ' h ' = (V2 / 17.86 + 0.01524) X ((A/a)2 - 1)

= ((1.036 ^ 2/ 17.86 ) + 0.01524) x ((222.78/207.631) ^ 2 - 1)
= 0.011 M
= 1.14 cm
Hence provide overall span = 10.000 M
Scour Depth calculations :-

Lacey's Scour Depth = 1.346 ( q2 / f )1/3
Ava Clear width = 44.177 M
Discharge per metre width q = 229.817 / 44.1767441860465

= 5.202 Cumecs/M
Silt factor, f = 1
Scour Depth d = 1.346 ( q2 / f )1/3

= 1.346 (5.202 ^ 2 / 1 ) ^ 1/3
= 4.041 M
Maximum scour depth = 2xd

= 2 x4.041
= 8.082 M
Maximum scour level = F.S.L - Max.scour depth

= 4.91 -8.082
or = -3.172 M
Provide foundation level = -1.790 M (For Raft foundation)
However,Provide foundation level = -3.172 M
Approach Slab : -
Approach slab in length of 3.50 M on both the side with 0.150 M thick has been provided
over 300 MM thick murum base.

Introduction
The Superstructure design of a simply supported RCC Deck Slab. The cross section of the bridge consists
. mm thick RCC deck slab of width 7.50 m Carriage way width.
Design data
Effective span = 9.500 m
Angle of skew = 0.000 o
Total length of slab = 10.000 m

Width of the bridge = 8.45 m
Width of carriage way = 7.5 m
Concrete grade = M 20 scbc = 6.67 MPa
Steel grade = Fe 415 sst = 200 MPa
m = 10 n= 0.250
Q = 0.76 j= 0.917
Depth of slab = 720 mm Cover to reinft = 40 mm

Maximum size of bar For longitudinal reinforcement = 20 mm
For transverse reinforcement = 12 mm
DESIGN OF DECK SLAB:
Clear span = 9000 mm
Assumed thickness of deck slab = 720 mm
As per IRC: 21-2000, clause 304.3.1, minimum clear cover is 40 mm
Clear cover = 40 mm
Dia of main reinforcement bar (assumed ) = 25 mm
Effective depth = 720 - 40 - 12.5
= 667.5 mm
Effective span ( lo) = 9500 mm

Width of carriageway = 4250 mm
Width of kerb = 225 mm
Thickness of kerb = 275 mm
Thickness of wearing coat = 75 mm
Width of deck slab = 4250 + 2 x 225
= 4700 mm
Live load = IRC Class 'A'
Grade of concrete = M 25
Grade of steel = Fe 415
As per IRC: 21-2000,clause 303.1, from tables 9, permissible flexural compressive stress ( cbc ) for M20 grade
concrete and from tables 10, permissible stress ( st ) for Fe 415 grade steel are as follows
cbc ( M 20 grade concrete ) = 8.33 N/mm2

st ( Fe 415 grade steel ) = 200 N/mm2
As per IRC: 21-2000, from clause 303.1 for calculating stresses in section, a modular ratio ( E s/Ec ) of 10 may be
adopted
m = 10
r = st / cbc
= 200 / 8.33
= 24.01
k = m / ( m + r )
= 10 / ( 10 + 24.010 )
= 0.294
j = 1 - k / 3
= 1 - 0.294 / 3
= 0.902
Q = ( 1 / 2 ) x cbc x k x j
= ( 1 / 2 ) x 8.33 x 0.294 x 0.902
= 1.105
As per IRC: 6 -2000, clause 211.3
Impact factor ( I ) = 4.5 / ( 6 + lo )

= 4.5 / ( 6 + 9.5 )
= 0.290
Dead load & dead load bending moment calculations:
Dead weight of deck slab = 0.72 x 2.5 x 1

= 1.80 t/m
Dead weight of wearing coat = 0.075 x 2.4 x 1
= 0.18 t/m
Dead weight of kerbs = 2 x 0.275 x 0.425 x 1.00 x 2.5 ./4.7
= 0.12 t
Dead weight of parapet = 2 x 0.20 x 0.75 x 1.00 x 2.5 ./4.7
= 0.16 t
Total dead load = 1.80 + 0.18

= 2.26 t/m
Bending moment due to dead load = W x lo 2 / 8
= 2.26 x 9.5 2 / 8
= 25.54 t-m
Live load & live load bending moment calculations:
As per IRC: 21-2000, from clause 305.16.2, for a single concentrated load, the effetctive width may be calculated
in accordance with the following equation
bef = x a x { 1- a / lo } + b1
bef = The effective width of slab on which load acts

lo = The effective span
b = Width of the slab
a = The distance of the centre of gravity of the concentrated load from the nearer support
b1 = The breadth of concentrated area of the load, i.e., the dimension of the tyre or track
contact area over the road surface of the slab in a direction at right angles to the span
plus twice the thickness of the wearing coat or surface finish above the structural slab
= A constant having the following values depending upon the ratio b / lo, where b is the
width of the slab
b / lo = 4700 / 9500
= 0.49
b / lo = 0.40 = 1.48
b / lo = 0.50 = 1.72
b / lo = 0.49 = 1.48 + ( 0.24 / 0.10 ) x 0.095
= 1.71
2.70 2.70 11.40 11.40 6.80 6.80 6.80 6.80
1.10 3.20 1.20 4.30 3.00 3.00 3.00

P Q R S T U V W
Class ' A ' Train
For the maximum live load bending moment, the two loads of 11.4 t should be kept such that the resultant of the load
system and the load under consideration should be equidistant from the centre of span, details as shown in figure.
2.7 2.7 11.40 R 11.40 0.00
0.150 1.10 3.20 0.30 0.30 0.60 0.00 3.85

A F E E C D B
4.75 4.75
9.50
Dispersion width under C:
Dispersion width under C ( bef ) = x a x { 1- a / lo } + b1

= 1.71 x 4.45 x { 1 - 4.45 / 9.50 } + 0.65
= 4.69 m > 1.80 m Dispersion widths overlaping
0.225 0.25
0.15 1.80
0.50 0.50
4.70
Combined dispersion width = 0.225 + 0.15 + 0.25 + 1.80 + 4.69 / 2

= 4.77 m
Intensity of load under C = 11.40 x 1.290 / 4.77
= 3.08 t
Dispersion width under D:
Dispersion width under D ( bef ) = x a x { 1- a / lo } + b1

= 1.71 x 3.85 x { 1 - 3.85 / 9.50 } + 0.65
= 4.56 m < 1.80 m Dispersion widths overlaping
Combined dispersion width = 0.225 + 0.15 + 0.25 + 1.80 + 2.28
= 4.70 m
Intensity of load under D = 11.40 x 1.290 / 4.70
= 3.13 t
Dispersion width under E:
Dispersion width under E ( bef ) = x a x { 1- a / lo } + b1

= 1.71 x 1.25 x { 1 - 1.25 / 9.50 } + 0.35
= 2.20 m > 1.80 m Dispersion width overlapping
= 3.38 m
Intensity of load under E = 2.70 x 1.290 / 3.38
= 1.03 t
1.05 1.03 3.08 R 3.13
0.15 1.10 3.20 0.30 0.30 0.60 3.85

A E C D F B
4.75 4.75
9.5
Dispersion width under F:
Dispersion width under F( bef ) = x a x { 1- a / lo } + b1

= 1.71 x 0.15 x { 1 - 0.15 / 9.50 } + 0.65
= 0.90 m < 1.80 m Dispersion widths overlaping
Combined dispersion width = 0.225 + 0.15 + 0.25 + 1.80 + 0.90
= 3.33 m
Intensity of load under F = 2.70 x 1.290 / 3.33
= 1.05 t
Taking moments about B
Ra x 9.5 = 3.08 x 5.05 + 3.13 x 3.85 + 1.03 x 8.25 + 1.05 X 9.35

= 45.91
Ra = 45.91 / 9.5
= 4.83 t
Rb = 3.08 + 3.13 - 4.83 + 1.03 + 1.05
= 3.46 t
Max.live load bending moment = Ra x 4.30
= 4.83 x 4.30
= 20.78 t-m
Total bending moment = Dead load BM + Live load BM
= 25.54 + 20.78
= 46.32 t-m
Effective depth required ( de ) = (M/(Qxb))
= ( 46.32 x 10 7 / ( 1.105 x 1000 ))
= 647.57 mm < 667.5 mm
Design of main reinforcement:
Area of main reinforcement required ( Ast ) = M / ( st x j x de )

= 46.32 x 10 7 / ( 200 x 0.902 x 667.5 )
= 3846.87 mm2
As per IRC: 21-2000, clause 305.19, minimum area of tension reinforcement is 0.12 % of total cross sectinal area
Minimum area of tension reinforcement = ( 0.12 / 100 ) x 1000 x 720

= 864.00 mm2 < 3846.87 mm2
Providing 25 mm dia of bars
Area of one reinforcing bar ( ast ) = ( / 4 ) x 25 2

= 491.07 mm2
Spacing of main reinforcement = ( ast / Ast ) x 1000
= ( 491.07 / 3846.87 ) x 1000
= 127.65 mm
However provide 25 mm dia of bars at 120 mm c/c
Area of main steel provided = ast x 1000 / spacing

= 491.07 x 1000 / 120
= 4092.26 mm2 > 3846.87 mm2
Design of distribution reinforcement:
As per IRC: 21-2000, clause 305.18.1, distribution steel is to be provided for the resisting moment equals to
0.3 times the moment due to live load plus 0.2 times the moment due to dead load, shrikage and temparature etc.
Resisting moment = 0.3 x LLM + 0.2 x DLM

= 0.30 x 20.78 + 0.20 x 25.54
= 11.34 t-m
Efeective depth = 720 - 40 - 25 - 6

= 649 mm
Area of distribution steel required = M / ( st x j x de )
= 11.34 x 10 7 / ( 200 x 0.902 x 649 )
= 968.82 mm2
Min.area of distribution reinforcement in one face = ( 0.12 / 100 ) x 1000 x 720
= 864.00 mm2 < 968.82 mm2
Hence provide minimum distribution reinforcement of 968.82 mm2

= 113.14 mm2
= ( 113.14 / 968.82 ) x 1000
= 116.78 mm
Area of distribution steel provided = ast x 1000 / spacing

= 113.14 x 1000 / 100
= 1131.43 mm2 > 968.82 mm2
Top reinforcement:
As per IRC: 21-2000, clause 305.10, shrinkage and temparature reinforcement of 250 mm 2 is to be provided in
each direction

= 113.14 mm2
Spacing of shrinkage and temparature reinforcement = ( ast / Ast ) x 1000
= ( 113.14 / 250.00 ) x 1000
= 452.57 mm
Provide 12 mm dia bars at 300 mm c/c at top to take care of temparature and shrinkage in either direction and
Provide distribution steel of 12 mm dia bars at 300 mm c/c at top
Check for shear:
As per IRC: 21-2000, clause 305.16.3, dispersion of load along the span equal to the dimension of the tyre
contact area over the wearing surface of the slab in the direction of the span plus twice the overall depth of the
slab inclusive of the thickness of the wearing surface
Longitudinal dispersion width = 250 + 2 x ( 720 + 75 )

= 1840 mm
For maximum shear, the load is kept at a distance of ' d ' from the support
d = 1840 / 2
= 920 mm
Case I:
2.7 2.70 11.40 11.40
3.08 1.10 3.20 1.20 0.92

A C D E F B
4.75 4.75
9.5
0.225 0.10
0.15 1.80
0.20 0.20
4.70

= 1.71 x 3.08 x { 1 - 3.08 / 9.5 } + 0.35
= 4.23 m
= 0.82 t
= 1.71 x 4.18 x { 1 - 4.18 / 9.5 } + 0.35
= 4.45 m
= 0.78 t

= 1.71 x 2.12 x { 1 - 2.12 / 9.5 } + 0.65
0.225 0.25
0.15 1.80
0.50 0.50
4.70

= 4.16 m
= 3.54 t
Dispersion width under F:
Dispersion width under F ( bef ) = x a x { 1- a / lo } + b1

= 1.71 x 0.92 x { 1 - 0.92 / 9.5 } + 0.65
= 3.46 m
Intensity of load under F = 11.4 x 1.290 / 3.46
= 4.25 t
0.82 0.78 3.54 4.25
3.08 1.10 3.20 1.20 0.92

A C D E F B
4.75 4.75
9.5
Ra x 9.5 = 4.25 x 0.92 + 3.54 x 2.12 + 0.78 x 5.32 + 0.82 x

= 20.874
Ra = 20.874 / 9.5
= 2.20 t
Rb = 0.78 + 3.54 + 4.25 + 0.82 - 2.20
= 7.20 t
Case II:
11.40 11.40 6.80 6..8
0.92 1.20 4.30 3.00 0.49

A C D E B
4.75 4.75
9.5

= 1.71 x 0.92 x { 1 - 0.92 / 9.5 } + 0.65
0.225 0.25
0.15 1.80
0.50 0.50
4.70

= 3.46 m
= 4.25 t

= 1.71 x 2.12 x { 1 - 2.12 / 9.5 } + 0.65
= 4.16 m
= 3.54 t
= 1.71 x 3.49 x { 1 - 3.49 / 9.5 } + 0.53
= 4.51 m
= 1.94 t
4.25 3.54 1.94
0.92 1.20 4.30 3.00 0.49

A C D B
4.75 4.75
9.5
Ra x 9.5 = 1.94 x 3.49 + 3.54 x 7.79 + 4.25 x 8.58 + 4.77 x 0.49

= 73.176
Ra = 73.176 / 9.5
= 7.70 t
Rb = 4.25 + 3.54 + 1.94 - 7.70
= 2.03 t
Shear force due to live load = 7.70 t
Shear force due to dead load = 2.26 x 9.5 / 2
= 10.75 t
Total shear force = LL shear force + DL shear force
= 7.70 + 10.75
= 18.46 t
As per IRC: 21-2000, clause 304.7.1
Design shear stress ( ) = V / ( b x d )

= 18.46 / ( 1 x 0.67 )
= 27.65 t / m2
Area of main steel provided = 4092.26 mm2
100 ( Ast / b d ) = 100 x 4092.26 / ( 1000 x 667.5 )
= 0.61
As per IRC: 21-2000, clause 304.7.1.3.1, from table 12B
100 ( Ast / b d ) = 0.50 c = 0.31 N / mm2

100 ( Ast / b d ) = 0.75 c = 0.36 N / mm2
100 ( Ast / b d ) = 0.61 c = 0.31 + ( 0.05 / 0.25 ) x 0.11
= 0.333 N / mm2
As per IRC: 21-2000, from clause 304.7.1.3.2 and table 12c
Perimissible shear stress in concrete = k x c

= 1.00 x 0.333
= 0.333 N / mm2
= 33.26 t / m2 > 27.65 t / m2
Hence safe against shear.

Design of kerb reinforcement:
Width of kerb including parapet = 225 + 200

= 425 mm
Width of parapet = 200 mm
Depth of parapet = 750 mm
Dead weight of kerb = 0.425 x 0.275 x 2.5
= 0.29 t/m
Dead weight of parapet = 0.20 x 0.75 x 2.5
= 0.38 t/m
Live load on kerb = 0.425 x 0.40
= 0.17 t/m
Total load on kerb = 0.29 + 0.38 + 0.17
= 0.84 t/m
Bending moment due to total load = W x lo 2 / 8
= 0.84 x 9.5 2 / 8
= 9.44 t-m
Effective depth required ( de ) = ( M/ (Qxb))
= ( 9.44 x 10 7 / ( 1.105 x 425 ))
= 448.53 mm
However provide over all depth of kerb = 275.00 mm
Depth upto the bottom of the deck slab = 995.00 mm 275 + 720

Effective depth provided = 275.00 - 40 - 8
= 227.00 mm
= 9.44 x 10 7 / ( 200 x 0.902 x 227.00 )
= 2306.34 mm2
= 201.14 mm2
No. of bars = 2306.34 / 201.14
= 11.47 say 12.00 Nos.
Area of steel provided = 12.00 x 201.14
= 2413.71 mm2 > 2306.34 mm2
Distribution reinforcement:
Nominal reinforcement = ( 0.12 / 100 ) x 425 x 275.00

= 140.25 mm2

= 78.57 mm2
= ( 78.57 / 140.25 ) x 1000
= 560.22 mm

= 78.57 x 1000 / 300
= 261.90 mm2 > 140.25 mm2
6.42
227.00 )
DESIGN OF DECK SLAB:
Design of kerb reinforcement:
Width of kerb including parapet = 225 + 200

= 425 mm
Width of parapet = 200 mm
Depth of parapet = 750 mm
Dead weight of kerb = 0.425 x 0.275 x 2.5
= 0.29 t/m
Dead weight of parapet = 0.20 x 0.75 x 2.5
= 0.38 t/m
Live load on kerb = 0.425 x 0.40
= 0.17 t/m
Total load on kerb = 0.29 + 0.38 + 0.17
= 0.84 t/m
Bending moment due to total load = W x lo 2 / 8
= 0.84 x 9.5 2 / 8
= 9.44 t-m
Effective depth required ( de ) = ( M/ (Qxb))
= ( 9.44 x 10 7 / ( 0.765 x 1000
= 351.47 mm
However provide over all depth of kerb = 275.00 mm
Depth upto the bottom of the deck slab = 995.00 mm 275 + 720

Effective depth provided = 275.00 - 40 - 8
= 227.00 mm
= 9.44 x 10 7 / ( 200 x 0.917 x 227.00 )
= 2269.49 mm2
= 201.14 mm2
No. of bars = 2269.49 / 201.14
= 11.28 say 12.00 Nos.
Area of steel provided = 12.00 x 201.14
= 2413.71 mm2 > 2269.49 mm2
Distribution reinforcement:
Nominal reinforcement = ( 0.12 / 100 ) x 425 x 275.00

= 140.25 mm2

= 78.57 mm2
= ( 78.57 / 140.25 ) x 1000
= 560.22 mm

= 78.57 x 1000 / 300
= 261.90 mm2 > 140.25 mm2
DEAD LOAD CALCULATION:
Self weight of slab in the central portion

= 10 x 0.720 x 4.9 x 2.5 = 88.20 t
Dead weight of wearingcoat

= 10 x 0.075 x 4.25 x 2.4 = 7.65 t
Dead weight of kerbs
= 2x 7.00 x 0.275 x 0.425 x 2.5 = 4.09 t
Dead weight of parapet

= 2x 7.00 x 0.200 x 0.75 x 2.4 = 5.04 t
Total Load = 104.98 t
Load coming on Abutment = 104.98 /2 = 52.49 t
14
Loads coming on to abutment:
Dead load:
Width of carriageway = 7500 mm

Clear span = 9000 mm
Total Length of Span = 10000 mm
Thickness of deck slab = 720 mm
Thickness of wearingcoat = 75 mm
Width of kerb = 475 mm
Dead weight of deck slab = 0.72x ( 7.5+8.35)/2 x 10.00 x 2.5

= 142.65 t
Dead weight of wearingcoat = 0.075 x 10.00 x 7.5 x 2.4
= 13.50 t
Dead weight of kerbs = 2 x 0.275 x 0.475 x 10.00 x 2.5
= 6.531 t
Weight of Railing = 2 x 0.750 x 0.200 x 10.00 x 2.5
= 7.500 t
Load from dead weight of super structure = 142.65 + 13.50 + 6.53 + 7.50
= 170.18 t
Load on abutment due to dead weight of super structure = 170.18 / 2
= 85.091 t
Live Load = Class A Loading
CASE I
11.4 t 11.4 t 6.8 t 6.80 t
1.2 m 4.300 m 3.000 ### 1.00 m

A B
9.500 m
Taking moments about A
Ra = 11.4 x 9.50 + 11.4 x 8.300 + 6.80 x 4.00 + 6.80 x 1.00
= 236.92
= 236.92 / 9.500
= 24.939 t
CASE II
11.4 t 6.8 t 6.8 0.00
4.3 m 3.0 2 0.000 m

A B
9.500 m
Ra = 11.4 x 9.500 + 6.8 x 5.200 + 6.8 x 2.200 + 0.00 x 0.000
= 158.62
= 158.62 / 9.500
= 16.697 t
70 R Loading
17 t 17 t ### t 17 t 12 t
1.37 m 3.05 m 1.37 m 2.13 m 1.58 m

A B
9.5 m
Ra X 9.500 = ### X 9.50 + ### X 8.1 + 17 X 5.08 + 17 X 3.7 +
### X 1.58
= 468.1
= 468.1 / 9.5
= 49.274 t
Two lane of class A Loading

Maximum Live Load = 24.939 t
= 2.00 x 24.939
= 49.878 t
70R Loading
Maximum Live Load = 49.274 t
Live load reaction on abutment as per MOST = 54.500 t
In above cases Maximum Lve Load = 54.500 t
Max load on span = 80.000 t

DESIGN OF ABUTMENT 0.480 6.605 R.C.L
0.075 0.720
Effective span = 9.500 M 1.000 0.300
Total span length = 10.000 M 1.000 5.510
Width of expansion joint gap = 0.020 M 1.084 4.910
Bearing width = 0.500 M
RCL = 6.605 M 8.395
Sill (top of Raft) = -0.940 M 6.450
Thickness of wearing coat Avg = 0.075 M
Thickness of wearing coat avg = 0.075 M 1.740 0.210
Thickness of deck slab = 0.720 M
Thickness of abutment bed block = 0.300 M 1.900 A -0.940
Width of abutment bed block = 1.000 M 0.400 -1.340
Thickness of backing wall = 0.480 M 0.450 -1.790
Height of backing wall = 0.720 M B
RL of Deck slab top = 6.530 M 1.900 0.000
RL of Deck slab bottom = 5.810 M 0.700
RL of abutment bed block bottom = 5.510 M SECTION
Height of abutment (stem / wall) = 6.450 M 1.900
Length of abutment = 8.450 M
Width of carriage = 7.500 M
Top width / thickness of abutment wall = 1.000 M
Rear (earth side) batter at sill = 0.000 M 2.600 8.450
Front (other side) batter at sill = 0.900 M
Bottom width / thickness of abutment = 1.900 M
Front (other side) batter at top of footing = 0.000 M
Bottom width of abutment at top of raft = 1.900 M
Velocity of flow = 1.036 M/sec PLAN OF STEM
FSL = 4.910 M
Height of abutment stem in water (FSL - sill) = 5.850 M
BL = 0.210 M
Height of road kerb = 0.275 M
Height of hand rail / crash barrier = 0.750 M
Width of footpath = 0.000 M
Depth of 1st footing = 0.400 M
Rear (earth) batter for 1st footing (sloped) = 0.700 M
Front (other) batter for 1st footing (sloped) = 0.000 M
Width of 1st footing (sloped) = 2.600 M
Depth of 2nd footing (rectangular) = 0.450 M
Rear (earth) offset for 2nd footing = 0.000 M
Front (other) offset for 2nd footing = 0.000 M
Width of 2nd footing (at F.L) = 2.600 M
Offset in transverse direction = 0.000 M
Length of raft (at F.L) = 9.450 M
Depth from sill to foundation level = 0.850 M
Foundation level = -1.790 M
FSD = 4.700 M
Dead load from super structure = 77.390 T (or 9.37M Effective span)
Dead Load from superstructure (as Calculated) = 85.091 T
Dead Load from superstructure (as Calculated) = 85.091 T
Unit weight of Reinforced concrete = 2.500 T / M3

Unit weight of Plain concrete = 2.400 T / M3
Unit weight of Earth = 2.100 T / M3
I Summary of Live Loads

Live load = 54.500 T
II Buoyancy
1) Volume of submergence of abutment above sill (top of footing)
Stem = 1.492 x 5.85 x 8.45 = 73.753 cum
Loss of weight due to buoyancy 15% x 1.000 x73.753 = -11.063 t

at sill through pore pressure as
per clause 216.5 of IRC 6 - 2000
2) i) Self weight of abutment 1st footing (sloped) = 21.389 t

ii) Self weight of abutment 2nd footing (rectangular) = 24.71625 t
Total weight of foundation = 46.105 t
Buoyancy of foundation = 100%

Volume of submergence = 46.10525 / 2.500 = 18.442 cum
Buoyancy effect = 18.442 x -1.000 = -18.442 t
III Moments
a) Braking force
RCL = 6.605 m
IRC Class A - loading
Max Live load on span = = 80.000 t
As per clause 214.2 of IRC 6 - 2000

Braking force = 20% x 80 = 16.000 t
Differential reaction due to braking force

= 16/9.5 x ( 1.200 +0.075 +0.72 ) = 3.360 t
Moment due to braking force
At sill level = 16 x ( 5.81 - -0.94) = 108.000 t-m
At foundation level = 16 x ( 5.81 - -1.79) = 121.600 t-m
b) Temperature and shrinkage
Frictional force = 0.5 x 85.090625 = 42.545 t
Frictional force on abutment at bearing level = 42.545 t
Moment at sill level = 42.545 ( 5.81 - -0.94) = 287.179 t-m
Moment at foundation level = 42.545 ( 5.81 - -1.79) 323.342 t-m

c) Water force
As per clause 213.3 of IRC 6 - 2000, the water force is given by 52 KV 2
where the value of V 2 is assumed to varry linearly from zero at the point of deepest scour
to the square of the maximum mean velocity at the free surface of water
2.147
FSL 4.910
4.700
BL 0.210
1.150
Sill -0.940
-1.340
0.850
FL -1.790
Maximum mean velocity at free surface = 2.000 v2
= 2 x 1.036^ 2
= 2.147
Coefficient for semi-circular ends K = 0.66
Coefficient for rectangular ends K = 1.5
Pressure intensity at scour level = 0
i) Water force in the longitudinal direction (traffic)
Water force in the direction of traffic on abutment assuming the water current to act at 20
52x 1.5 x 2.147 / 2 x8.45 x 4.7x sin^2 (20)
= 389.004 Kgs
or say = 0.389 t
Longitudinal moment at sill level

= 0.389 x ( 2 / 3 x 4.7 + 1.15 ) = 1.666 t-m
Longitudinal moment at foundation level

= 0.389 x ( 2 / 3 x 4.7 + 1.15 + 0.85 ) = 1.997 t-m
ii) Water force in the transverse direction (flow)
Water force in the direction of flow on abutment assuming the water current to act at 20
52x 1.5 x 2.147 / 2 x1.412 x 4.7x cos^2 (20)
490.55 Kgs
or say = 0.491 t
Transverse moment at sill level

= 0.491 x ( 2 / 3 x 4.7 + 1.15 ) = 2.103 t-m
Transverse moment at foundation level

= 0.491 x ( 2 / 3 x 4.7 + 1.15 + 0.85 ) 2.520 t-m
d) Wind force
A) No water condition
i) Depth of deck in elevation = 0.72+0.275+0.75 = 1.820 m
Exposed area of superstrucutre = 1.82 x 10 = 18.200 sqm
Average height of exposed surface =

(5.81 - 0.21) +1.82 = 7.420 m
Horizontal wind pressure for 6.00 m height = 73 Kg/ sq.m
Horizontal wind pressure for 8.00 m height = 82 Kg/ sq.m
Horizontal wind pressure for 7.420 m height

= 73 + ( 82 - 73 ) x ( 7.420 -
8.00 - 6.00 6.00 )
= 79.390 Kg/ sq.m
Horizontal wind pressure for Coastal Region ( as per clause 212.3 of IRC : 6 - 2000 )
= 2 x 79.390 = 158.78 Kg/ sq.m
However, as per clause 212.5 of IRC 6 - 2000, live load is not be considered when the
wind velocity at deck level exceeds 130 kmph.
Thus restricting the wind pressure corresponding to the velicity of 130kmp

= 107 + (119 - 107) / 8 x 2 = 110 kg/sqm
Total wind force on deck = 158.78 x18.2 = 2002 kgs
= 2.002 t
Acting at RL = 0.21 + 7.42 = 7.630 m
Moment at sill level = ( 7.63 - -0.94 ) x 2.002 = 17.157 t-m
Moment at foudation ( 7.63 - -1.79 ) x 2.002 = 18.859 t-m

level =
ii) Wind force on live load as per clause 212.4 of IRC : 6 - 2000
On ordinary bridges windforce of 300 kg/m is adopted.
Total length of deck slab = 10.000 m
Lateral wind force on live load = 10 x 0.3 = 3.000 t
This force acts at 1.50m above the road level = 6.605 + 1.5 = 8.105 m
Wind force shared by the abutment will be in proportion to the live load reaction
on the abutment = 54.5 / 80 x 3.000 = 2.044 t
Moment at foudation level =

( 8.105 - -1.79 ) x 2.044 = 20.223 t-m
Total wind force as per clause 212.3 & 212.4 is

a) At sill level = 17.157 + 18.486 = 35.643 t-m
b) At foundation level = 18.859 + 20.223 = 39.082 t-m
As per clause 212.6 the wind force as calculated above shall not be less than that
obtained by 450 kg/m on deck slab:
= 10.000 x 0.45 = 4.500 t
> 35.643 t-m

Moment at foudation level = ( 7.63 - -1.79 ) x 4.500 = 42.390 t-m
> 39.082 t-m
Design wind moment at sill level = 38.565 t-m
Design wind moment at foundation level = 42.390 t-m
B) FSL condition
Level of mean retarding surface = 4.910 m
Average height of exposed surface
(5.81 - 4.91) +1.82 = 2.720 m
As per table of wind pressures in clause 212.3 of IRC:6 1966,
"H" in m "p" in kg/sqm

0 40
2 52
4 63
6 73
Wind pressure for a height 2.720 m = 56.600 kg/sqm
Wind pressure for coastal region as per clause 212.3 of IRC : 6 - 2000
2 x 56.600 = 113.200 Kg/ sq.m
However, as per clause 212.5 of IRC 6 - 2000, live load is not be considered when the
wind velocity at deck level exceeds 130 kmph.
Thus restricting the wind pressure corresponding to the velicity of 130kmp
= 107 + (119 - 107) / 8 x 2 = 110 kg/sqm
Total wind force on deck = 113.2 x18.2 = 2002 kgs

= 2.002 t
Acting at RL = 4.91 + 2.72 = 7.630 m
Wind force moment on live load = 18.486 t-m

Total wind force moment as per clause 212.3 & 212.4 is
= 18.486 + 17.157 = 35.643 t-m
Design wind moment at sill level = 38.565 t-m
Design wind moment at foundation level = 42.390 t-m
Longitudinal moment at sill level = 38.565 x 0.330 = 12.726 t-m
Transverse moment at sill level = 38.565 x 0.660 = 25.453 t-m
Longitudinal moment at FL = 42.390 x 0.330 = 13.565 t-m
Transverse moment at FL = 42.390 x 0.660 = 27.977 t-m
Wind force moments on abutment

Transverse Longitudinal
moments moments
1) At sill level = 12.726 t-m 6.363 t-m
2) At foundation level = 13.989 t-m 6.782 t-m
e) Live load moments

i) Longitudinal moments
Live load reaction on abutment = 54.500 T
Lever arm at sill level at 'A' = 1.150 m
Lever arm at foundation level at 'B' = 1.150 +0 = 1.150 m
Longitudinal moment at sill level = 54.500 x 1.15 = 62.675 t-m
Longitudinal moment at foundation level = 54.5 x 1.15 = 62.675 t-m
ii) Transverse moments due to live load
Distance of C.G of L .L from the edge of the bridge = 3.05 m

=(0.15+0.5/2+1.8+1.7/2)
Eccentricity of loads from the centre live of bridge x = ( 7.500 /2- 3.050 )
= 0.700 m
Longitudinal ecc = 0.700 x sec 0 + 1.000 / 4 tan 0
( Considered at the point of action of liveload ie, centre of beaning ) = 0.700 m
Transverse moment = 54.5 x 0.700 = 38.150 t-m

f) Dead load moments
Dead load reaction on abutment = 85.091 T
Moment at sill level at 'A' = 85.091 x 1.15 = 97.854 t-m
Moment at foundation level at 'B' = 85.091 x 1.15 = 97.854 t-m
T
Sectional properties
a) At sill level (top of footing)
1.900 L L
T
8.450
Area = 8.45 x 1.900 = 16.055 sqm
ZLL = (8.45 x 1.9^ 2 ) / 6 = 5.084 cum
ZTT = (1.9 x 8.45^ 2 ) / 6 = 22.611 cum
b) At foundation level
2.600 L L
T
8.450
Area = 8.45 x 2.600 = 21.970 sqm
ZLL = (8.45 x 2.6^ 2 ) / 6 = 9.520 cum
ZTT = (2.6 x 8.45^ 2 ) / 6 = 30.941 cum

COULOMB'S EARTH PRESSURE CALCULATIONS
h

Pa
Angle of internal friction for back fill = 28 degrees (assumed)

Angle of inclination of surcharge i = 0 degrees
Height of wall h = 6.45 M
Rear batter rb = 0 M
Angle of wall friction = 14 degrees
Angle of vertical face to horizontal = 90 degrees
Unit weight of earth above sill level = 2.1 t/m3
Above sill
Coefficient of active earth pressure Ka = 0.327
Calculation of Coefficients
Sin2( + )
I) Ka = 2
Sin Sin ( - ) 1 + Sqrt
2
Sin ( + ),Sin ( - i)
Sin ( - ),Sin ( + i)
A = Sin2( + ) = Sin2(90 +28) = 0.780

B = Sin2( ) = Sin2(90 ) = 1
C = Sin ( - ) Sin (90 -14 ) = 0.97
D = Sin ( +) Sin (28+ 14 ) = 0.669
E = Sin ( - i) Sin ( 28 - 0 ) = 0.469
F = Sin ( - i) Sin ( 90 + 0 ) = 1
Numerator = A = 0.780
2
Denominator = BxCx [1 + Sqrt (D x E / C x F)]
= 1 x0.97x [1 + Sqrt ((0.669 x0.469) / (0.97 x 1))] ^ 2
= 2.387
Ka = 0.78 / 2.387
= 0.327
The horizontal component of Ka = Ka Cos ((90 - ) + )

Hence KaH = 0.327 x Cos ((90 - 90) +14)
= 0.317
The vertical component of Ka = Ka Sin ((90 - ) + )
Hence KaV = 0.327 x sin ((90 - 90) +14)
= 0.079
Unit weight of RCC = 2.500 T/M3
Unit weight of PCC = 2.400 T/M3
Unit weight of earth fill behing stem = 2.100 T/M3
Friction coefficient between soil and concrete, = 0.500
Angle of internal friction for back fill = 28 degrees (assumed)
Angle of inclination of surcharge i = 0.000 degrees
Angle of wall friction = 14 degrees
Angle of vertical face to horizontal = 90 degrees
Coloumb's coefficient of earth pressure

i) At sill level
Coefft. of active earth pressure Ka = 0.327 for = 28 and
Horz. Coefft. of active earth pressure KaH = 0.317 = 90 i.e., with no
Vert. Coefft. of active earth pressure KaV = 0.079 back batter
ii) At foundation level

Coefft. of active earth pressure Ka1 = 0.327 for = 35 and
Horz. Coefft. of active earth pressure Ka1H = 0.317 = 90 i.e., with no
Vert. Coefft. of active earth pressure Ka1V = 0.079 back batter
1 Due to Live load surcharge
i) At sill level
As per Cl. 217.1 of IRC - 6 : 2000 6.605 Rcl
Intensity of earth pressure due to LL surcharge
at sill level = KaH 1.20
= 0.317 x 2.1 x 1.20
= 0.799 T/M3
7.545
Force = 0.799 x 7.545

= 6.027 T/M -0.94
0.799 5.181
Overturning moment at sill level = 6.027 x 7.545 /2

= 22.737 T-M / M
ii) Below sill level
Intensity of earth pressure due to LL surcharge

= KaH 1.20
= 0.317 x 2.1 x 1.20
= 0.799 T/M 3
Force = 0.799 x 7.545 Jayasree:

= 6.027 T/M 0.5 is the thickness o
foundation
Overturning moment at
i) top of footing = 6.027 x ( 7.545 / 2 + 0.4 )
= 25.148 T-M / M
ii) foundation level = 6.027 x ( 7.545 / 2 + 0.45 + 0.4 )

= 27.860 T-M / M
2 Due to active earth pressure
i) At sill level
a) Intensity of earth pressure due to back fill at sill level
= Ka h
= 0.327 x 2.1 x 7.545
= 5.181 T/M2
Force = 1/2x 5.181 x 7.545

= 19.55 T/M
Horizontal component = 19.55 x Cos ( 14 )

= 18.965 T/M
Vertical component = 19.55 x Sin ( 14 )

= 4.728 T/M
Overturning moment at sill level = 18.965 x 0.42 x 7.545

= 60.098 T-M / M
b) Moment due to fluid pressure weighing 480 Kg / M3

= (480/1000) x ( 7.545 ^ 3/6 )
= 34.361 T-M / M < 60.098 T-M / M
Hence earth pressure is governing
ii) Below sill level

a) Intensity of earth pressure due to back fill at foundation level
= Ka1 h
= 0.317 x 2.1 x ( 7.545 + 0.85 )
= 5.589 T/M2
Force = 1/2x 5.589 x ( 7.545 + 0.85 )

= 23.458 T/M
Overturning moment at foundation leve = 23.458 x 0.42 x 8.395

= 82.71037 T-M / M
Total overturning moment = Due to ( LL surcharge + active earth pressure )
1) At sill level = ( 22.737 + 60.098 )x 8.45

= 699.9558 T-M
2) At foundation level = ( 27.86 + 82.71 )x 9.45

= 1044.89 T-M
Stabilising moments due to earth on rear batter

1) 1 ) Due to vertical component of earth pressure
At sill level = 4.728 x ( 1 0.9 )

= 8.983 T-M / M
Moment for abutment length = 8.983 x 8.45

= 75.906 T-M
Earth load on rear footing = 0.5x0.7 x ( -0.94 - -1.34 ) x2.1 " + ( 6.605 - -0.94 ) x 0.7x2.1
12.238 T
Moment due to earth load = 12.238 x ( 1.9-0.7/ 2 )

= 21.416 T-M / M
At foundation level = 21.416 x 9.45

= 202.381 T-M
Vertical load due to earth
At sill level = 4.728 x 8.45 = 39.952 T
At top of footing = 12.238 x 8.45 = 103.411 T

Stabilising loads and moments due to self weight of abutment
Moment Moment
Item Load in LA @ A in LA @ B in @ A in T- @ B in T-
S.No Tonnes Mts Mts M M
1 Dirt wall
0.480 X 0.720 X 8.45 X 2.500 7.301 1.65 1.65 12.046 12.046
2 Abutment cap (bed block)

0.30 X 1.00 X 8.45 X 2.500 6.338 1.400 1.400 8.873 8.873
3 Abutment - Straight portion

1.00 X 6.450 X 8.45 X 2.500 136.25625 1.400 1.400 190.759 190.759
4 Front batter
0.5 X 0.9 X 6.450 X 8.45 X 2.500 61.315 0.600 0.600 36.789 36.789
At sill level ( top of footing ) 211.210 248.467 248.467
5 1st footing (sloped)

a) . 1/2 x 0.700 X 0.4 X 8.45 X 2.500 2.958 2.133 6.309
b) 1.9 x 0.4 X 8.45 X 2.500 16.055 0.950 15.252
c) . 1/2 x 0.000 X 0.4 X 8.45 X 2.500 0.000 0.000 0.000
6 2nd footing (rectangular)

a) 2.60 x 0.45 X 8.45 X 2.500 24.716 1.300 32.131
At foundation level (on soil) 254.939 302.159

Design of abutment Stem
Grade of concrete, M 20 Modular Ratio, m 13.00

Vertical Load = 379.689 t
Longitudinal Bending Moment = 977.301 t
Transverse Bending Moment = 50.876 t-m
Thickness of Abutment, h = 190 cm
Length of Abutment = 845.00 cm
Assumed Neutral Axis = 43.40 cm
Assumed Steel Area (Main Face), A1

0.15% x x 190 x 845 = 240.825 cm2
Assumed Steel Area (Secondary Face), A2

0.15% x x 190 x 845 = 240.825 cm2
Total Steel Area, Ast = A1 + A2

240.825 + 240.83 = 481.65 cm2
Minimum 0.3% Steel

0.3% x x 190 x 845 = 481.65 cm2
Distance of CG from CG of Abutment, X

190 /2 - 43.40 / 2 = 73.299 cm
Area of Compression Segment, A

845 x 43.402 = 36674.81 cm2
M.I of Segment, I
x845
43.4021382655758
^ 3/12 = 5757167 cm4
Area Effective, Aeff

36674.81+ 9 x 240.825
+13 x 240.825 = 41972.96 cm2
CG From Physical Centroid, e'

[36674.807 x 73.299 + ( 190 / 2 - 5 ) x ( 9 x 240.825 - 13 x 240.825] / 41972.957
= 61.98
e - e' 100 x 977.301 / 379.689 - 61.98

I eff = 195.415
5757167.186 + 41972.957 x ( 73.299 - 61.98 ) ^ 2 + 13 x 240.825 x ( 190 / 2 - 5 + 61.98 ) ^ 2

+ 9 x 240.825 x ( 190 / 2 - 5 + 61.98 ) ^ 2
= 85149659 cm4
NA below CG eff
85149659 /( 41973 x 195.415 )
= 10.38
Compare to
61.98 + 43.402 + 190 - /2 = 10.38
Max Concrete Compressive Stress

379689 / 41972.95 + ( 37968 x 195. x ( 95 -61.98 ) ) / 85149659
= 37.819 kg/cm2
Max Steel Tensile Stress
13 ( 379689 / 41972.957 - ( 379689 x 195.415 ( 90 + 61.98 ) ) / 85149659
= -1604 kg/cm2
Effect of Transverse Moment
Section Modulus ' Z ' of this section

43.4021382655758 x = 5165035 cm3
Additional Stress due to Transverse Bending Moment

5087600 /5165035.3 = 0.985 kg/cm2
Therefore, Maximum Concrete Stress

37.819 + 0.98 = 38.804 kg/cm2
< 70 kg/cm2
Therefore, Maximum Steel Stress
-1604 - 13 x 0.985 = -1616.809 kg/cm2
< -1900 kg/cm2
Provide 20 mm dia bars
On earth face, spacing = 3.142 x 845 / 240.825
= 11.025 cm
100 mm c/c
On water face, spacin = 3.142 x 845 / 240.825

= 11.025 cm
100 mm c/c
SUMMARY OF LOADS AND MOMENTS
At sill level (top of footing)
Longitudinal moments Transverse moment
S.No Description Load in t Over

Over turning turning in
Stabilising in t-m in t-m t-m
1 D.L from superstructure 85.091 97.854
2 Self weight of abutment 211.210 248.467
3 Buoyancy -11.063
4 Earth pressure 39.952 75.906 699.956

5 Temperature & Shrinkage 287.179
6 Live load 54.5 62.675 38.150
7 Braking force 108
Sub - total = 379.689 484.902 1095.135 38.150
8 Wind force 6.363 12.726
Total = 379.689 484.902 1101.498 50.876
a) Eccentricity about centre = 1.9/2 - ( -610.232 ) / 379.689 = 2.557 m
Net ML without wind = 2.557 x 379.689 = 970.937 t-m

Net MT without wind = = 38.150 t-m
b) Eccentricity about centre = 1.9/2 - ( -616.596 ) / 379.689 = 2.574 m
Net ML with wind = 2.574 x 379.689 = 977.301 t-m

Net ML with wind = = 50.876 t-m
P/A +/-Net ML/ZL +/-Net MT/ZT Total stress

in t/m2
1 Without wind 379.689 970.937 38.150
16.055 5.084 22.611
Maximum stress 23.649 190.976 1.687 = 216.312

Minimum stress 23.649 -190.976 -1.687 = -169.014
2 With wind 379.689 977.301 50.876

16.055 5.084 22.611
Maximum stress 23.649 192.227 2.250 = 218.127

Minimum stress 23.649 -192.227 -2.250 = -170.828
SUMMARY OF LOADS AND MOMENTS
At Foundation level
Longitudinal moments Transverse moment
S.No Description Load in t Over

Over turning turning in
Stabilising in t-m in t-m t-m
1 D.L from superstructure 85.091 97.854
2 Self weight of abutment &foot 254.939 302.159
3 Buoyancy -18.442
due to abutment -11.06
4 Earth pressure 103.411 202.381 1044.888
5 Temperature & Shrinkage 323.342
6 Live load 54.5 62.675 38.150
7 Braking force 121.6
Sub - total = 468.435 665.070 1489.830 38.150
8 Wind force 6.782 13.989
Total = 468.435 665.070 1496.613 52.139
a) Eccentricity about centre = 2.6/2 - ( -824.760 ) / 468.435 = 3.061 m
Net ML without wind = 3.061 x 468.435 = 1433.726 t-m

Net MT without wind = = 38.150 t-m
b) Eccentricity about centre = 2.6/2 - ( -831.543 ) / 468.435 = 3.075 m
Net ML with wind = 3.075 x 468.435 = 1440.508 t-m

Net ML with wind = = 52.139 t-m
P/A +/-Net ML/ZL +/-Net MT/ZT Total stress

in t/m2
1 Without wind 468.435 1433.726 38.150
21.97 9.520 30.941
Maximum stress 21.322 150.596 1.233 = 173.151

Minimum stress 21.322 -150.596 -1.233 = -130.508
2 With wind 468.435 1440.508 52.139

21.97 9.520 30.941
Maximum stress 21.322 151.309 1.685 = 174.315

Minimum stress 21.322 -151.309 -1.685 = -131.672
DESIGN OF FOOTING
Grade of concrete : M20

Grade of Steel HYSD
m 13.33
j 0.892
Q 10.115
Max. stress = 174.315 t/m^2 3.50 1.90 2.15

Min stress = ### t/m^2
7.55 0.850
d= 0.75 M
-130.508 t/sq.m
174.315 63.287 87.511 21.904
Stress at face of the pier =

### +( ### - -130.508 )x( 3.5 + 1.90 )
7.55
= 87.511 t/m^2
Moment = 87.511 x 3.5 ^2 + ( ### - 87.511 )x 3.50 ^2
2 3
= 890.456 t.m = 1X ### = 890.4564
Eff. Depth required = 890.456 x 10^5 = 296.7 cm
10.115 x 100
Provide overall depth 85.00 cm and
eff depth with cover 7.5 cms = 75.00 cms
=
Area of steel = ### x 10^5 = ### cm2
1900 x 0.892 x 75.00
Minimum steel, Ast = 0.12% x 75 x 100

= 9.000 CM2
Using 25 MM dia HYSD bars,

main_bar_area = 3.142 x 0.025 x 0.025
/ 4 <---Sqm
= 4.909 Sqcm
Spacing = 4.909 x 100 / 700.54

= 0.701 cm
Provide 25 MM dia bars @ 110 MM C/C
Provided area of steel Ast = 44.6 CM2 > ### CM2

(Required steel)
Distribution steel
Minimum steel, Ast = 0.12% x 75 x 100

= 9.000 CM2
Using 16 MM dia HYSD bars,
Area of bar = 3.142 x 0.016 x 0.016

/ 4 <---Sqm
= 2.011 Sqcm
Spacing = 2.011 x 100 / 9

= 22.344 cm
Provide 16 MM dia bars @ 220 MM C/C
Provided area of steel Ast = 9.1 CM2 > 9.000 CM2
dist steel at bottom and at top in both ways
Check for shear

One way sheaCritical section is at 'd' from face of the pier
Design shear= 3.5 - 0.75 )x 1.0x 63.287 = 174.039 t

Percent of steel Pt = 100xAs = 100 x 44.627 = 0.595 %
bxd 100 x 75.00
for Pt 0.595 %
Shear strength of concrete = 3.190 x 100 x 75.00 = 23.925 t
1000
Which is more than 174.039 t , design shear and hence safe
Two way sheaCritical section is at 'd/2' from face of the pier

Design shear 379.69 t
Perimeate at 'd/2' critical sectio = 2x( ( 8.450 + 0.75 ) + ( 1.90 + 0.75
= 23.700 m
Area 23.7 x 1.900 = 45.030 m^2

Shear resistance = 45.030 x 10^6 x 0.16 sqrt(fck)
= 45.030 x 10^6 x 0.16 sqrt(25) = 36024.0 KN
= 3602.4 t
Design of Bed Block abutment ( Dirt wall)
50 cm
Vide IRC : 78- 1983 Cl. No. 716.2.1,
Reinforcement = 1% of cross sectional Area 72 cm
= 1% x 50 x 72
= 36.000 cm2
say 36 cm2
Steel at top, bottom & Sides = 36 = 18 cm2
i.e., Long Bars 2
No. of Tor 16 mm bars req = 18 = 8.952
2.011
or say 9.0 Nos
Provide 16 mm bars 3 Nos at top and
6 (3ons each side)
Steel in transverse direction = 18 cm2
Volume of steel / Rmt = 18 x 100 = 1800 cm3
Length of each stirrup = 2 x 44.8 + 2 x 66.8
= 223.2 cm
Providing 12 mm dia bars
volume of each stirrup = 223.2 x 1.131 = 252.43 cm3
No. of stirrups = 1800 / 252.43 = 7.13
spacing of stirrups = 1000 / 7.13 = 140.241 mm
or say 140
Proivde 12 mm bars at 140 mm c/c
Design of Bed Block over abutment

100 cm
Vide IRC : 78- 1983 Cl. No. 716.2.1,
= 1% x 100 x 30
= 30.000 cm2
say 30 cm2
Steel at top & bottom = 30 = 15 cm2
i.e., Long Bars 2
1.131
or say 14 Nos
7 Nos at bottom
Length of each stirrup = 2 x 95 + 2 x 25
= 240 cm
volume of each stirrup = 240 x 0.785 = 188.50 cm3
No. of stirrups = 1500 / 188.50 = 7.96
or say 120
Design of Bed Block abutment ( Dirt wall)
50 cm
Vide IRC : 78- 1983 Cl. No. 716.2.1,
= 1% x 50 x 72
= 36.000 cm2
say 36 cm2
Steel at top, bottom & Sides = 36 = 18 cm2
i.e., Long Bars 2
2.011
or say 9.0 Nos
6 (3ons each side)
= 224 cm
No. of stirrups = 1800 / 175.93 = 10.23
or say 90
Design of Bed Block over abutment

100 cm
Vide IRC : 78- 1983 Cl. No. 716.2.1,
= 1% x 100 x 30
= 30.000 cm2
say 30 cm2
Steel at top & bottom = 30 = 15 cm2
i.e., Long Bars 2
1.131
or say 14 Nos
7 Nos at bottom
= 240 cm
No. of stirrups = 1500 / 188.50 = 7.96
or say 110
Design of Raft:
No. of Abutments = 2
No. Of piers = 4
(i) Max. moment from Abutment = 120.90 tm

Max. force from Abutment = 68.78 t
(ii) Max. moment from Pier = 69.52 tm

Max. force from Pier = 219.78 t
Length of Raft under pier = = 5.486 m
Max. Moment from pier per metre = 69.52 = 12.67 tm

5.486
Max. Force from pier per metre = 219.78 = 40.063 t/m

5.486
68.784 t 40.063 t 40.063 t 68.784 t
120.901 12.67 12.67 120.901

tm tm tm tm
Abut Pier 0.600 Abut
11.091 11.091
t/m2
#REF! #REF!
1.900 0.000 #REF!
0.7 #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! 1.90 0.7
2.600 #REF! #REF! #REF! 2.600
#REF!
(iii). Self weight of Raft = 0.40 x 2.50 = 1.000 t/m
Weight of water displaced = 0.40 x 1.00 = 0.400 t/m
Net weight = 1.00 - 0.40 = 0.600 t/m
(iv). Wt. of soil acting on the projection of raft =

2x 0.70 x 7.545 x 2.10 = 22.182 t
(v). Wt. of earth =

(2 #REF! +3 #REF! x 1.150 x 2.10 = #REF! t
(vi). Wt. of water displaced =

(2 #REF! +3 #REF! x 1.150 x 1.00 = #REF! t
Net wt. = #REF! - #REF! = #REF! t
Wt. per metre run = #REF! = #REF! t/m

5 x #REF!
(vi). Wt. of water = 5.00 x #REF! x 4.700 x 1.00 = #REF! t
Wt. per metre run = #REF! = #REF! t/m

5 x #REF!
Total weight on soil underneath the raft =
2 x 68.784 + 4 x 40.063 + 0.600 x #REF! +
2 x 11.091 + (2 x #REF! x #REF! + +3 x #REF! x #REF!
+ (2 x #REF! x ### + 3 #REF! X 4.700 ) = #REF! t
Stress on soil = #REF! = #REF! t/m2
#REF!
Soil Reaction = #REF! - 0.600 = #REF! t/m2
C.G. of Load System = 11.091 x 0.7 x 0.7 +

2
68.784 x 2.600 + 120.901 + #REF! x 6.00 x #REF! +
40.063 x #REF! + 12.674 + #REF! x #REF! x #REF! +
40.063 x #REF! + 12.674 + #REF! x 6.00 x #REF! +
68.784 x #REF! - 120.901 + 11.091 x 0.700 x #REF! +
0.600 x #REF! x #REF! = #REF! tm
x = #REF! = #REF! m
#REF!
e = #REF! - #REF! = #REF! m

2 = #REF! m
Max. Stress= #REF! x( 1 + 6 x #REF! ) = #REF! t/m2

#REF! #REF!
Min. Stress= #REF! x( 1 - 6 x #REF! ) = #REF! t/m2

#REF! #REF!
Soil Reactions/Net stresses:

Max. = #REF! - 0.600 = #REF! t/m2
Min. = #REF! - 0.600 = #REF! t/m2
Abut Pier Pier Abut
0.7 1.90 #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! 1.90 0.7
2.600 #REF! #REF! #REF! 2.600
#REF!
#REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF!

#REF! #REF!
#REF!
Design of Raft:
Max. moment (hogging) = 14.631 tm

(at face of abutment)
(at face of pier)
Max. Moment (Sagging) at centre = 10.02 tm
Max Shear Force at the centre of pier base width = 19.166 t
Using M20 grade concrete :

Face in contact with water scbc = 70 kg/cm2
sst = 1900 kg/cm2
m = 10.000
n = 0.269
j = 0.910
Q = 8.568
= 55.876 cm
Effective Depth Required = 26.75 x 10^5
8.568 x 100
Using 16 bars:
Effective depth available = 40 - 5- 0.8 = 34.2
55.8756 < 34.2 cm
revise
Ast Required under abutment= 14.631 x 10^5 = 24.74 cm2
(at bottom) 1900 x 0.91 x 34.2
Providing 16 @ 140 = 14.35
+ 0 @ 150 = 0.000
14.35 > 24.74
Revise
Ast Required Under Pier= 26.75 x 10^5 = 45.24 cm2
(at bottom) 1900 x 0.91 x 34.2
Providing 16 @ 140 = 14.35429
+ 16 @ 140 = 14.354
28.709 > 45.238
Revise
Ast Required at centre = 10.02 x 10^5 = 16.95 cm2
(at top) 1900 x 0.91 x 34.2
Providing 0 @ 400 = 0 cm2
+ 16 @ 200 = 10.048 cm2 = 10.05 cm2
10.048 > 16.945
Revise
Min. Reinforcement:
0.12 x 40 x 100 = 4.80 cm2
100
Minimum reinforcement for both ways = 2.4
Providing 12 @ 200 = 5.652 cm 2
5.652 > 2.40

Hence OK
Check for shear:
19.166 t
#REF!
### 0.342 0.95
Max. shear force under the Abutment = 19.17 t

Shear force at Critical section i.e., at a distance 'd' from the face of Abutment = #REF! t
Percent of steel Pt = 100 x 14.35 /( 100 x 34.2 ) = 0.420 %
for Pt 0.420 % allowable shear stress in concrete = 2.84 Kg/cm
Shear strength = 2.839 x 100 x 34.2 /1000 = 9.71 t
Which is more than #REF! t , design shear and hence safe
#REF!
DESIGN OF FLYWING
6.605 0.50 3.70 6.605
0.60
Dirt 6.005
Wall
Bed block
5.810 3.000
3.005
5.510
Flywing
0.70
Abutment
height width
6.605 0.00 m 0.42 t/m
2.60 m
3.60 m
4.005 3.700 m
1.00
3.005 3.70 m 2.52 t/m
Earth pressure acting at the top of fly wing = Kagh

= 1/3 x 2.1 x 0.6 = 0.42 t/m
Earth pressure acting at the bottom of fly wing = Kagh
= 1/3 x 2.1 x ( 3.60 ) = 2.52 t/m
Average length for bottom 1.0m height of flywing
( 3.70 + 3.70 ) / 2 = 3.70 m
Moment = 2.52 x 3.70 2 /2 = 17.2494 tm
Design constants:
Grade of concrete = M 20
Stress in concrete := 66.7 kg/cm k = 0.250
Stress in steel = 2000 kg/cm j = 0.917
modular ratio = 10 R = 7.645
Effective depth required = 17.25 x 100000 = 47.50 cm

7.645 x 100
Provide overall depth of 55 cms
Effective depth provided using 20 mm dia bars

de = 55 - 4 - 1.0 = 50.00 cm
Reinforcement:
Area of steel required = 17.25 x 100000 = 18.82 cm
2000 x 0.917 x 50.00
Minimum steel as per Cl.305.19 0f IRC: 21-2000 0.12 %of area
= 0.12 x 100 x 50.00 = 6.00 cm
100
Spacing required= = 16.70 cm c/c
Main steel on road face
Provide 16 mm bars at 16 cm c/c : Area of steel provided = 12.6 cm
Main steel on other face
Main steel on wall 19.64 cm
Distribution steel on both faces
Check for shear:
Shear force = 2.52 x 3.70 = 9.32 t

Shear stress = 9.32 x 1000 = 1.86 Kg/cm
100 50
Percent of steel Pt = 100xAs = 100 x 12.6 = 0.251 %

bxd 100 50
for Pt 0.251 % Shear strength of M25 concrete as per Table 12B of IRC:21-2000
2.200 +( 0.251 - 0.25 ) x ( 3 - 2.200 )= 2.20 Kg/cm
( 0.500 - 0.25 )
SAFE, No Shear reinforcement required
Vertical bending
Self weight of fly wing = 3.70 x 0.60 x 0.55 x 2.5 +

1/2 x 3.00 x 3.00 x 0.55 x 2.5 +
0.70 x 3.00 x 0.55 x 2.5 =
3.05 + 6.19 + 2.89 = 12.13 t
Moment = 3.05 x 3.70 /2+ 6.19 x 3.00 /3 + 0.70 = 17.1765 tm
+ 2.89 x 0.70 /2
Effective depth required = 12.13 x 100000 = 56.33 cm

7.645 x 50
Available overall depth of 360 cms

Effective depth provided using 20 mm dia bars
de = 360 - 4 - 1 = 355.00 cm
Area of steel required = 12.13 x 100000 = 1.86 cm
2000 x 0.917 x 355.00
No of 12 mm dia bars required= 1.6 bars
No of 12 mm dia bars provided = 3 bars Ast = 3.39 mm
The horizontal reinforcement is provided as below.
3 No of 12 mm dia bars at bottom

Design of Raft:
No. of Abutments = 2
No. Of piers = 4
(i) Max. moment from Abutment = 122.79 tm

Max. force from Abutment = 81.51 t
(ii) Max. moment from Pier ` = 74.55 tm

Max. force from Pier = 153.86 t
length of Raft = = 5.250 m
Max. Moment from pier per metre = 74.55 = 14.20 tm

5.25
Max. Force from pier per metre = 153.86 = 29.307 t/m

5.25
81.51 t 29.307 t 29.307 t 29.307 t 29.307 t 81.51 t

29.307t
122.786 14.201 14.201 14.201 14.201 14.201 122.79
tm
Abut Pier 1.200 Abut
6.338 6.338
t/m2
1.265 4.700
3.400 1.000 1.000 1.000
0.4 8.600 8.600 8.600 8.600 1.000 8.600 8.600 3.400 0.4
1.0
5.306 7.594 9.600 9.600 9.600 9.600 7.594 5.306
64.200
(iii). Self weight of Raft = 0.80 x 2.50 = 2.000 t/m
Weight of water displaced = 0.80 x 1.0 = 0.800 t/m
Net weight = 2.00 - 0.80 = 1.200 t/m
(iv). Wt. of soil acting on the projection of raft =

1x 0.40 x 7.545 x 2.10 = 6.338 t
(v). Wt. of earth =

5x 8.600 x 1.150 x 2.10 = 103.845 t
(vi). Wt. of water displaced =

5x 8.600 x 1.150 x 1.00 = 49.450 t
Net wt. = 103.85 - 49.45 = 54.395 t
Wt. per metre run = 54.40 = 1.265 t/m

5 x 8.600
(vi). Wt. of water = 5 x 8.600 x 4.700 x 1.00 = 202.100 t
Wt. per metre run = 202.10 = 4.700 t/m

5 x 8.60
Total weight on soil underneath the raft =
2 x 81.511 + 4 x 29.307 + 1.200 x 64.200
2 x 6.338 + 5 x 8.600 x 1.265
+ 5 x 8.600 x 4.700 = 626.46 t
Stress on soil = 626.46 = 9.76 t/m2
64.200
Soil Reaction = 9.76 - 1.200 = 8.56 t/m2
C.G.of Load System = 6.338 x 0.4 x 0.4 +

2
81.511 x 5.306 + 122.786 + 5.965 x 8.60 x 8.100 +
29.307 x 12.900 + 14.201 + 5.965 x 8.60 x 17.7 +
29.307 x 22.500 + 14.201 + 5.965 x 8.60 x 27.30 +
29.307 x 32.100 + 14.201 + 5.965 x 8.60 x 36.90 +
29.307 x 41.700 + 14.201 + 5.965 x 8.60 x 46.50 +
29.307 x 51.300 + 14.201 + 5.965 x 8.60 x 56.10 +
81.511 x 58.894 - 122.786 + 6.338 x 0.4 x 63.000 +
1.200 x 64.200 x 32.100 = 22738.4 tm
x = 22738.365 = 36.30 m
626.46
e = 64.200 - 36.30 = -4.197 m

2 = 4.197 m
Max. Stress= 626.46 x( 1 + 6 x 4.197 ) = 13.59 t/m2

64.200 64.200
Max. Stress= 626.46 x( 1 - 6 x 4.197 ) = 5.93 t/m2

64.200 64.200
Soil Reactions/Net stresses:

Max. = 13.59 - 1.200 = 12.39 t/m2
Min. = 5.93 - 1.200 = 4.73 t/m2
Abut pier Pier Pier Abut
1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.00

0.4 3.40 8.600 8.60 8.600 8.60 8.600 3.40 0.4
8.60
5.306 7.594 9.60 9.600 9.600 7.594 5.306
9.600
64.200
5.93 6.56 7.47 8.61342 9.758 10.903 12.05 12.95

9.76 13.585
10.90
Design of Raft:

(at face of abutment)
(at face of pier)
Max. Moment (Sagging) at centre = 14.681 tm
Max Shear Force at the centre of abutment base width = 16.792 t
Using M20 grade concrete :

Face in contact with water cbc = 70 kg/cm2
st = 1900 kg/cm2
m = 13.333333
n = 0.3294118
j = 0.8901961
Q = 10.263437
= 63.792589 cm
Effective Depth Required = 41.767 x 10^5
10.263437 x 100
Using 25 bars:
Effective depth available = 80 - 5 - 1.25 = 73.75
63.79259 < 73.75 cm
O.K.
Ast Required under abutment= 41.767 x 10^5 = 33.483587 cm2
(at bottom) 1900 x 0.8901961 x 73.75
Providing 20 @ 150 = 20.93333
+ 16 @ 150 = 13.39733
34.33067 > 33.483587
Hence OK
Ast Required Under Pier= 32.076 x 10^5 = 25.714548 cm2
(at bottom) 1900 x 0.8901961 x 73.75
Providing 20 @ 150 = 20.93333
12 @ 150 7.536
28.46933 > 25.714548
Hence OK
Ast Required at centre = 14.681 x 10^5 = 11.7694 cm2
(at top) 1900 x 0.8901961 x 73.75
Providing 16 @ 150 = 13.39733 cm2
= 13.397333 cm2
13.39733 > 11.7694
Hence OK
Min. Reinforcement:
0.12 x 80 x 100 = 9.60 cm2
100
Providing 16 @ 200 = 10.048 cm2
10.048 > 9.60
Hence OK
Check for shear:
16.792 t
10.312
3.73 0.738 0.70
Max. shear force under the Abutment = 16.792 t

Shear force at Critical section i.e., at a distance 'd' from the face of Abutment = 10.312 t
Percent of steel Pt = 100 x 34.330667 /( 100 x 73.75 ) = 0.4655006 %
for Pt 0.4655006 % allowable shear stress in concrete = 2.93 Kg/cm
Shear strength = 2.9310011 x 100 x 73.75 /1000 = 21.616133 t
Hence OK

DLB @4.465

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GOVERNMENT OF ANDHRA PRADESH

IRRIGATION & CAD DEPARTMENT

DESIGN AND DRAWING OF

SEW INFRASTRUCTURE Ltd.,

2) Hydraulic Particulars of Canal:-

S.No Description Unit at km 1.35 D/S

1 Dischrge Required Cumecs 229.817 229.817

3) Type of Bridge Proposed:-

4) Vent way provided under the structure:

Max Min Max Min

6) Abutments and Pier:-

10) Bed Blocks:-

12) Drainage spouts:

13) Approach slab:-

For Ramky Infrastructure Ltd.

1 Required Discharge = 229.817 Cumecs

2 Design Discharge = 229.817 Cumecs

3 F.S.L = 4.910 Mts

4 F.S.Depth = 4.700 Mts

5 Bed Level = 0.210 Mts

6 Bed Width = 38.000 Mts

7 Surface fall = 1 IN 8757

8 Free Board = 1.000 Mts

9 Velocity = 1.036 M/Sec

10 Value of 'n' = 0.025

12 Existing Road Level = 5.800 Mts

13 Top Bank Level = 5.910 Mts

14 Top width at FSL = 56.800 Mts

1 Formation level (RCL) = 6.605 M

2 Clear span = 9.000 M

3 Overall span = 10.000 M

5 Clear width of road = 7.500 M

6 Over all width of road = 8.450 M

7 No. of central piers = 4 Nos

8 No.of abutments = 2 Nos

9 Type of Bridge = Right angle deck slab without foot paths

( II ) Formation level = Existing Road level

Formation level shall be maximum of above two.

Hence provided formation level = 6.605 M

Level at bottom of Slab = 6.605 - 0.72 -0.075

Provide top width of abutment = 1.00 M

Width of abutment at F.S.L = 1.38 M

Width of abutment at C.B.L = 1.61 M

0.075 R.C.L = +6.605

9.5M F.S.L = +4.91

Clear width of canal at CBL = 43.521 M

Clear width of canal at FSL = 44.833 M

Net area of flow at crossing " a " = (43.5209302325581 + 44.8325581395349) / 2 x 4.7

Afflux as per Molesworth's Formula

Afflux ' h ' = (V2 / 17.86 + 0.01524) X ((A/a)2 - 1)

Scour Depth calculations :-

Ava Clear width = 44.177 M

Discharge per metre width q = 229.817 / 44.1767441860465

Scour Depth d = 1.346 ( q2 / f )1/3

Maximum scour depth = 2xd

Maximum scour level = F.S.L - Max.scour depth

over 300 MM thick murum base.

. mm thick RCC deck slab of width 7.50 m Carriage way width.

Total length of slab = 10.000 m

Depth of slab = 720 mm Cover to reinft = 40 mm

As per IRC: 21-2000, clause 304.3.1, minimum clear cover is 40 mm

Effective span ( lo) = 9500 mm