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using infrared sensors. Such application is very much useful in robotics, transportation, etc.,
For example, A robotic car which take diversions based upon the distance
measure between the obstacle and the car. An application like, snake robot can measure the
diameter of the hole and make a decision according to that. Similarly in transportation, inter-
vehicular-distance is very important for a safe driving. The inter-vehicular-distance can be
measured by using IR or UV rays sensors.
1. Construction:
Frequency F = 1/(1.1RC).
A 10k pot is used as external reference voltage for the ADC IC, if no external reference is
used then the reference voltage = VREF/2 (or Vcc/2). This is useful to adjust the step size. If
the VREF = 5V (vcc) then the step size is VREF/MAXIMUM DIGITAL OUTPUT value.
The internal conversion process is completed in 64 clock cycles, but 1 to 8 clock periods
are used after the write pin low to high transition and before conversion starts. And also 1
clock period is taken before INTR pin goes low. Approximately the maximum conversion
time taken by the ADC is equal to (t conversion = 8 clock cycles+ 64 clock cycles + 1 clock
cycle = 73 clock cycles).
Finally we three control pins for the ADC operation Read (2 nd pin of ADC), Write (3rd pin
of ADC), INTR (5th pin of ADC). All these three pins are active low signals. By providing a
high to low logic on the Write pin will START the conversion process. If a low to high logic
will eventually set the INTR pin to high. The INTR pin is used to indicate the END of
conversion process. Finally a low signal on Read pin will latch the internal converted data on
to the data port of the ADC.
Provide a high to low logic (>200ns) on write pin to start the conversion process.
Again provide a low to high logic on write pin to set the INTR pin to high.
Check for INTR pin, if it is low means the conversion process is completed.
Finally provide a logic low on the read pin, to read the converted data from the ADC.
After all the steps are completed make read pin.
Make sure that CS, AGND, v- and GND are grounded before performing all the above steps.
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