Basic Electronics

Lecture#1
Capacitors/Inductor

By: Engr. Muhammad Naveed Naz

Class of BSCS, TIMES

 Capacitors
Definition: A capacitor is an electronic device that stores
an electrical charge between the two plates
A basic capacitor has two parallel plates separated by an
insulating material
The unit of capacitance is Farads (F)
Capacitance values are normally smaller, such as F, nF
or pF
Different Types Of Capacitors
Reading Values of capacitance Of Capacitors
 Working Of Capacitors

Storing a charge between the

plates
Electrons on the left plate
are attracted toward the + _
_
positive terminal of the
voltage source
This leaves an excess of
positively charged holes
The electrons are pushed
toward the right plate
Excess electrons leave a -
negative charge +
Working Of Capacitors
What is dielectric?
 The Farad Law and Unit of
Capacitance
With more charging voltage, the electric field is stronger
and more charge is stored in the dielectric.
Faraday Law: The amount of charge Q stored in the
capacitor is directly proportional to the applied voltage.
Also, a larger capacitance can store more charge. These
relations are summarized by the formula:

Q =CV coulombs
 Example
How much charge is stored in a 2uF capacitor
connected across a 50-V supply?
Q =CV =(2u)x50
=100 uC

A constant current of 2 uA charges a capacitor for 20 s.

How much charge is stored?
Q =Ixt
=2u x 2=40 uC
 Example
The voltage across the charged capacitor is 20 V from
previous example. Calculate C .

A constant current of 5 mA charges a 10uF capacitor for

1 s. How much is the voltage across the capacitor?
 Series and Parallel Combinations of
Capacitors
Capacitors In series Capacitor In Parallel
Fixed And Variable Capacitors
 Some Properties Of Capacitor
In Capacitor, Current leads and voltage Lags.
Allow AC current to pass.
Stop DC current.
Stores Voltage in the form of electric field.
Capacitors in series:
1/Ct=1/C1+1/C2...
Capacitor In Parallel:

Ct=C1+C2+C3...
Inductors
 Inductors
Definition: An inductor is a passive electronic component
that stores energy in the form of a magnetic field.
In its simplest form, an inductor consists of a wire loop or
coil. The inductance is directly proportional to the number
of turns in the coil.
Inductance also depends on the radius of the coil and on the
type of material around which the coil is wound.
 Magnetism
Any material possessing the property of magnetism is a
magnet.
Every magnet has both a north (N) pole and a south (S)
pole.
Just as like electric charges repel each other and unlike
charges attract, like magnetic poles repel each other and
unlike poles attract.
 Magnetic Field In Current Carrying
Conductor
A magnetic filed is associated with a moving charge.
When current passes through a conductor, charges are
moving and so magnetic filed is created around it.
Magnetic Field In Current Carrying
Conductor
Magnetic Field In Current Carrying
Conductor
Working Of Inductor
 Some Properties Of Inductor
In Inductor, Current lags and voltage Leads.
Allow DC current to pass.
Stop AC current.
Stores Current in the form of Magnetic field.