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8/1/2010

 Servers are computers that are explicitly


set-up to provide services to other
computers on the network.

 Therefore server administration is the


task of managing, upgrading and
maintaining these servers and making
sure that all systems are humming along.

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We need to know other discipline


to administer a server...

Network Basics

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• the logical structure and operating principle


of a network system and defines the
communication protocols required for real-
world data exchange
• It determines “hierarchical structures”
according to each classification and specifies
protocols and interfaces between layers of the
hierarchical structure.

• within the network architecture, all the


network's physical elements are modeled
and structured and treated as a logical
network
• Main components are:
 node i.e. hardware such as computers and
communication equipment
 link i.e. communication lines
 process i.e. application programs

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 Ifthe architecture is the same, a system can


be built by adjusting the interfaces even
when products from different manufacturers
are combined
 Employing a system compliant with
standard interfaces makes it easy to
develop, expand and maintain the system
 Even independently developed systems can
be easily integrated
 The entire network can be treated locally

Open Network Architecture Vendor-specific proprietary


network architecture

Open Systems Interconnection Systems Network Architecture (SNA) –


Transmission Control IBM
Protocol/Internet Protocol
DECnet - DEC

IPX/SPX (Internetwork Packet


Exchange/Sequenced Packet
Exchange) – Novell

Apple Talk – Apple Corporation

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Network Topology

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 nodes are connected in a closed loop


by communication lines
 transmission lines are short and easily
controlled
 if just one node fails, it might affect
the entire network

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 two or more paths lead to each node so


that that the overall structure becomes
that of a mesh
 even if a node fails, that node can be
bypassed by routing meaning that the
reliability of this type of network is
high

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 each node is connected to a central


node in star shaped configuration
 even if one node fails, this will have no
effect on the overall systems but if the
central node fails, the entire network
will no longer be functional

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 all nodes are connected to a common


communication line
 makes it easy to add or remove nodes
without affecting the overall system and
at the same time it is economical
 when there are many nodes and the
traffic load increases data collision may
occur on the common communication
line and the transmission efficiency may
deteriorate

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 several child nodes are connected to a


parent node
 also called cascade connection

 Thereare three typical connection


methods that are used in accordance with
what best suits the communication
distance and data load, etc. These are:
• Point-to-point connection
• Multipoint connection
• Switched connection

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 thecomputer is connected one-to-one to


each terminal through a leased line
communication lines
 appropriate if heavy traffic between two
points is required

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 multiple branching devices are connected


sequentially to the same communication
line
 This configuration allows construction of a
network that is cheaper than using the
point-to-point configuration when the
communication distance is long and the
data traffic is light.
 Since the main communication line is
shared, other terminals have to wait while
one is transmitting data

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 thelines from several terminals are


connected to a concentrator, which is
connected to the host computer through
a high-speed line

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No matter what kind of software is


running on a network and regardless of
what kind of data is transmitted, problem-
free data communication will be possible
on the OSI complaint network.

Application 7 Provides communication services required for


applications. i.e. file transfer and management,
remote database acces, virtual terminal

Presentation 6 Data representation, format translation and mapping


Session 5 Performs dialog management.
•Dialog management controls and manages the data flow
between application and systems by emplying the end-
to-end data transfer capabilities provided by the
transport layer.

Transport 4 Guarantees the quality of data transfer between system


ends
Network 3 Concerned primarily with path selections and relays
Data-link 2 Ensures transparent and error-free data transmission by
using transmission controls such as high-level data link
control, establishment of data-link connection, error
control, etc.

Physical 1 Transmits electric signals using transmission media

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