MODULO: GRAMMAR

THE FUTURE

Carrera: Ingls
Estudiante: Rosmery Ribera Ferrier
Registro: 201012285

INDEX
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 1. Introduction

2. Expressing the Future, Overview

3. Commonly Used Auxiliary Words

4. Future Forms

a. Future Continuous

b. Future Perfect

c. Future Perfect Continuous

5. Modal Verbs

6. Expressing Future Plans

a) Using Infinitives

b) Using Perfect Infinitives

7. Conclusion

8. Bibliography

1. Introduction

Morphologically, English has no future form of the verb because verbs have no
future tense inflection. As Ronald Carter and Michael McCarthy (2006) claim, "There is

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no future tense ending for English verbs as there is in other languages We use
periphrasis, a phrase used instead of inflection, to form sentences in the future.
Therefore, there are many ways of expressing future time in the English language.

I decided to present this grammatical issue due to its relevance in developing our
learners communicative competency during their speech acts (J.L. Austin, 1962). He
advocated that language is much more than the transmission of information or meaning,
since it also expresses intention and produces an effect on the listener.

The essential elements for building communicative competence include

discourse, strategic, functional, linguistic, and sociocultural competencies. According to
ATSL (2016), Sociocultural competence refers to the speakers understanding of the
rules of language use, specifically the functional features of language including how to
express oneself appropriately within the overall social and cultural context of
communication. Therefore, it is important that speakers of English as a second
language are aware of the different messages that they convey when using the many
ways to express the future.

INFLECTIONS
PRESENT Tense They study every day, but she studies once a week.

PAST Tense They got high scores, but she got a low score.

PERIPHRASIS
She plans to study more.
FUTURE She will be studying by this time tomorrow.
She will have improved her knowledge by the time she takes
her next test.

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 2. Expressing the Future, Overview

When a future event specifies a set timetable-a fixed plan scheduled to take place with
no foreseeable changes-the simple present can express the future. Kapili, L. V., &
Kapili, B. H. (1985, p. 99)
Future events may be expressed in the present progressive form when they suggest
arrangements or decisions to be fulfilled in the future Kapili, L. V., & Kapili, B. H. (1985,
p. 100)

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3. Commonly Used Auxiliary Words

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4. Future Forms

a) Future Continuous

FUTURE FORMS

A FUTURE CONTINUOUS will + be + Ving

USE
For an action in progress at a specific time in the future.
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Present continuous: We are studying the future at this moment.

Past continuous: We were studying the future at this time yesterday.

Future continuous: We will be studying the future at this time tomorrow.

Sometimes, as an alternative of be + going to + VBF (plans).

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Future Plan: You are going to practice this evening.

Future Continuous: You will be practicing this evening.

We will be studying the future at this time tomorrow.

Time line

Now

b) Future Perfect

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B will + have + VPP
 FUTURE PERFECT

USE To talk about an action that will be completed in the future either:

1 Before a specific moment. or

They will have completed their workbooks by February 7th.

b Before another action takes place

They will have completed their workbooks by the time they take the test.

The second (later) action is ALWAYS in the Simple Present Tense or Present Cont.

They will have completed their workbooks by February 7th.

Time line

X
Now Start Finish
workbook workbook

c) Future Perfect Continuous

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C FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS will + have + been + Ving

USE To talk about an action that will have started, will have continued for some time
and will still be in progress in the future either:

1 Before a specific moment. Or (The movie starts at 11pm)

The movie will have been playing for an hour by midnight.

Before another action takes place

b
She will have been cleaning the house all day by the time her parents return.

The second (later) action is ALWAYS in the Simple Present Tense or Present Cont.
Time line

She will have been cleaning the house all day by the time her parents return.

Now
Start Parents
cleaning return

5. Modal Verbs
Formal The major will be at the
announcements meeting.
I will marry you next
Promises /Willingness
year. 8
WILL Spontaneous decisions I will help you.That bag seems heavy.

Predictions based on
Roy loves dogs . He will become a vet.
VERB
BASE
FORM

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 6. Expressing Future Plans

a) Using Infinitives

Plan (100%)

Likely to happen
Expect (70%)
Infinitive

Intend (50%)

Hope (10%)

- I plan to travel to Punta Cana this year.

- I expect not to pay for anything.

- I intend to go parasailing.

- I hope not to drink a lot of alcohol.

b) Using Perfect Infinitives To + have + Vpp

For an action that will or might take place before a specific time in
the future. (Similar to the Future Perfect)
- By this time next year, I plan to have finished my career.
- My goal is to have taught in Dubai by the time I am 50.

7. Conclusion
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After analyzing all the ways to express the future, I am convinced that it is important to

for our students to learn all these facts. This knowledge would help English learners

communicate their plans, intentions, or dreams by being able to understand and use the

future in the English language.

8. Bibliography

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(Ronald Carter and Michael McCarthy, Cambridge Grammar of English . Cambridge
University Press, 2006)
Austin, J. L. (1962). How to do things with words. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Intercultural Communicative Competence | ATESL Adult ESL Curriculum
Framework. (2016). Retrieved from http://www.atesldocuments.com/cf/icc
Kapili, L. V., & Kapili, B. H. (1985). Understanding American sentences. San Diego:
Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. Pages: 99, 100

All pictures and graphic explanations were retrieved from TOEFL Grammar by Rosmery
Ribera a free to download e-book that you can find at:
https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B_bSemf4LJXTVlYxZlZhbTVoOUE

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