Brick masonry

Types of bricks

Property Traditional Bricks Modular Bricks

Size 23*11.4*7.6 20*10*10 (By Indian Standards)

Nominal thickness of one brick wall

{ Thickness of wall use to estimate the quantity of brick work,it is a fictious
dimension}

For traditional brick walls = 23cm (including allowance of 12mm for

mortar)
For modular brick walls = 20cm (including dimension of 10mm for
cement mortar)

Bonds in brick work

{Joints are not arranged in vertical fashion as it leads to non - homogenous
distribution of superimposed loads}
Bond Figure properties
English 1) Alternate and header
bond and stretcher course
2) Queen closer is placed
after first header in
each heading course to
avoid successive vertical
joints
3) Never starts with queen
closer
4) Stretcher should have a
minimum over lap of
of their length over
headers
5) Even numbered walls (
2,3,4 brick thick)= same
appearance on both
sides .opposite for odd
no (1.5,2.5 etc)
6) In thick walls middle
portion is filled with to
prevent vertical joints
in the body
7) Joints in header
course(h) are thinner
than in stretcher
course (s) as h =2s
Flemish 1) Each course has
Bond alternate header and
stretcher

2) Every alternate course

starts with header

3) For breaking vertical

joints closers are
inserted in alternate
course next to quoin
closer

Types of Flemish bonds

Single Flemish bond 1) Facing of Flemish bond
{English + Flemish } 2) Backing of English bond
3) Cannot be adopted in wall less than 1.5 brick thick
Double Flemish bond 1) Same appearance on both side
2) Each course consist of header and stretcher
3) Comparatively weaker bond
4) Economic and appearance

Comparison of English and Flemish bond

S.no English bond Flemish bond
1) Stronger for walls thicker than 1.5 bricks Less strong
2) Less attractive More attractive
3) Less economical Economical has no of bats
are required to thus pieces
of bricks can be used
4) No supervision or skilled labor Supervision reqd
 Other bonds
Stretching 1. All the bricks are laid as
bond stretchers

2. Overlap of half brick is

obtained by starting
each alternate course
with half bat brick

3. Used for cavity

walls,partition walls.

Heading bond 1. All bricks are laid as headers

2. Half overlap is introduced by by

using 3 quarter bat in alternative
course

3. It is used for footings in

foundations for better transverse
of load
Garden wall 1. Header course at a every 1st
,4th, 8th course
English 2. Queen closer is placed next to
garden every quoin header of every
wall bond header course

Flemish 1. Alternate course composed of

garden 1,3 or 5 stretchers in series
bond throughout the length
2. Alternate course contains 0.75
bat placed next to quoin
header .
3. Header is placed over the
centrally placed stretcher

Raking bond 1. Distance between two stretcher

are filled with bricks laid at angles
other than 0 or 90 degree.
2. It provide longitudinal stability
Herring bone bond Bricks are laid at angle of 45 deg in
two perpendicular directions
Suitable for walls not less than 4
walls thick
 Diagonal bond 1. Suited for 2 to 4 brick thick
wall.

2. This bond is usually

introduced at every s 5th or
7th course along height of
the wall

Dutch 1. Alternate corses

bond of stretcher and
header

2. Every alternative
stretcher course
stars with 0.75 bat
.

3. Every alternating
stretcher course ,
a header is placed
next to every 0.75
bat
English 4. Alternate course
cross of header and
bond stretcher.
5. Queen closer next
to queen header.
6. Each alternate has
header placed
next to stretcher.
7. Sufficiently strong

Zig zag bond 1. Bricks are placed

in zigzag manner

Silverlocks bond 2. Bricks are laid on

edges
3. Bricks are laid in
headers and
stretchers in
alternate courses
such that headers
are laid on bed
and stretchers are
laid on edges
forming
continuous cavity.
4. Used in in garden
walls
5. economical