2013/01/25

EBN 111/122
ELECTRICITY AND ELECTRONICS

Chapter 10
Sinusoidal Steady-
State Analysis

Sinusoidal Steady-State Analysis

Chapter 10

10.1 Basic Approach

10.2 Nodal Analysis
10.3 Mesh Analysis
10.4 Superposition Theorem
10.5 Source Transformation
10.6 Thevenin and Norton Equivalent Circuits

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10.1 Basic Approach (1)

Steps to Analyze AC Circuits:
1. Transform the circuit to the phasor or frequency
domain.
2. Solve the problem using circuit techniques
(nodal analysis, mesh analysis,
superposition, etc.).
3. Transform the resulting phasor to the time
domain.

Solve variables in Phasor to Time

Time to Phasor
Phasor

10.2 Nodal Analysis

Example 10.1
Determine ix.

jXL = jL = j 4 1 = j4
jXL = jL = j 4 0.5 = j2
jXC = -j/C = -j (4 0.1) = -j2.5

KCL at node 1:

1  200
1 
2
1
  0
10 4 2.5
(x20) 2
1  40  5
1 
2  8
1  0
2  3
1  5
2  40 1
4

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Example 10.1 cont

Determine ix.

KCL at node 2:

2 
1
2
 2   0
4 2

1
2 
1
1
2
But:   hence: 2  0
2.5 4 2.5 2

(j20) 5
2  5
1  16
1  10
2  0

11
1  15
2  0 2

Example 10.1 cont

2  3 5
 40
Determine ix. 
11 15
 0
2  3 5
  2  3 15  5 11
11 15
 30  45  55
 30  10

40 5
1   40 15  0  600
0 15
 600

    18.9718.43 V
31.62  18.43

1 18.9718.43
    7.59108.43 A
2.5 2.5  90
"  7.59 cos 4%  108.43 A
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PP 10.2 (Super Node)

Determine V1 and V2.

KCL at Super node:

1  300
1
2
2
   0
4 4 1 2
( 4)
1  30  
1  4
  2
2  0
1  
1  '2  4(
2  30 1

Super node:
1 
  4060

1 
  4060 2
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PP 10.2 cont
Determine V1 and V2.

2 in 1

1  
  4060  2  4
2  30
1    2  4
  1   4060  30

3  3
  2  45 4060  30

1845
  30  2 4015

30  54.64  14.64 28.66  149.28

  
1845 4.2445

  6.76165.72 V 3
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PP 10.2 cont
Determine V1 and V2.

3 in 2

1 
  4060
 6.76165.72  4060
 6.547  1. 6)  20  34.641
 13.45  36.31
 38.7269.67 V

Example 1:
Set up the nodal analysis equations for V1 and V2. Write it in the
following form:
(a1 + jb1)V1 + (a2 +jb2)V2 = A33
(a4 + jb4)V1 + (a5 +jb5)V2 = A66

10

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Exercise:

KCL at Node 1:

1  430
1
 

  0
2 3 6
( 6) j3
1  430  2
1  
 
  0
j3
1  2
1  
  
  12120
2  2
1  
2  12120
(a1 + jb1)V1 + (a2 +jb2)V2 = A33

a1 = 2; b1 = -2; a2 = 0; b2 = 1; A3 = 12; 3 = 120 11

Exercise cont

KCL at Node 2:

 


  50  0
6 12
( 12) 2
 
 
  600  0
2
2  2
1 
  600
2
1  1  2
2  600
(a4 + jb4)V1 + (a5 +jb5)V2 = A66

a4 = 0; b4 = 2; a5 = 1; b5 = -2; A6 = 60; 6 = 0 12

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Ch. 10 L#2
10.3 Mesh Analysis
6 j2

+ 6I1 + j2I2
+
-j3I1 -j3I2 I2
I1
+

-j3
 6,-  3 ,-  ,.  0  2,.  3 ,.  ,-  0

I + I
Z V = IZ Z V = IZ

+ 13

PP 10.3
Find Io.

KVL Loop 1:
8  2   4     0 I2
8  2   4  0 I1

8  2 
 
4 Note: Io = I1

 2  0.5  1

KVL Loop 2:
4     6' 60(  3030  0
4   6  4   360  3030
4   6  4   62  15  63.77/  166.4/ 2 14

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PP 10.3 cont
Find Io.

I2
I1

1 in 2 :

4   6  4 2  0.5   63.77  166.4

4   12  3  8  2   63.77  166.4
11  14   63.77  166.4

63.77  166.4
   3.58  114.55
17  51.84
0    3.5865.45 A 15

PP 10.4
Find Io.
I1
Io
Super Mesh:     10
I2
  10   1

Loop O:
250  101  4 1    5'1  (  0
15  4 1  4  5  250
15  4 1  4  5 1    250
15  4 1  5  4   300

300  15  4 1
  2
5  4 16

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PP 10.4 cont
Find Io.
I1
Super Mesh:     10 Io

  10   1
I2
Super Mesh KVL:

5' 1 (  4   1  8  6  0

5  4 1  4  5  6   0
5  4 1  4  5  6 1    0
5  4 1  5  2   5  6 3
300  15  4 1
2 in 3 : 5  4 1  5  2  5  6
5  4
1  2.545.94 A 17

PP 10.5 (Super Positioning)

Find Io.
Io due to 30
30 V source:

Ztot = (8 j2)//j4 + 6 = 8.636 24.121

3030
212   3.4745.88 A
8.63624.121

4
1  3.4745.88
8  2  4
1  1.68581.843 3

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PP 10.5 cont
Find Io.
Io due to 6
0 A source:

Ztot = (8 j2) // j4 // 6 = 2.779 37.806

V// = 60Ztot = 16.674 37.806 V

16.67437.806
1 
8  2
1  2.02251.843 A

1  1  1  3.5865.45 A

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Example 2:
Set up the mesh equations for I1 and I2. Write it in the following
form:
(a1 + jb1)I1 + (a2 +jb2)I2 = A33
(a4 + jb4)I1 + (a5 +jb5)I2 = A66

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Ch. 10 L#3
10.5 Source Transformation
10.6 Thevenin & Norton

Thevenin Equivalent Norton Equivalent

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PP 10.7
Find Io using source
transformation

V= 890 (4 j3)
= 4053.13 V

4053.13 6
  6.3271.57 A
4  2  1  3
j2
3.333 + j 3.333

29.81116.57
V= 6.3271.57 (6 j2)//j5 1 
3.333  1  '3.333  2(
= 29.81116.57 V  6.5899.46 A

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PP 10.8
Find the Thevenin
equivalent at
terminals a-b of the
circuit

Thevenin Impedance: Zth Vth = Voc

+ +
Vth Vth

Zth = (6+j2) // (-j4) + 10 Voltage Division:

4

24  7520
= (12.4 j3.2) 6  2  4
= 12.81-14.47  47.43  51.57 V
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Example 3 6 j4
a
Determine the
Norton equivalent
wrt terminals a-b -j2 20

Thevenin Impedance: Zth IN = Isc = 2

0
Isource becomes open circuit

Zth = j4 // (-j2) + 6
= (6 j4)
= 7.21-33.7

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Example 4
3 2  2
 0
Solve the following Matrix 
5  5 2
 50

  1.01  45 V

  1.0790 V

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