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EBN 111/122
ELECTRICITY AND ELECTRONICS
Chapter 2
Basic Laws
Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
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Chapter 2: Lecture #1
2.2 Ohms Law: V = IR
Ohms law states that the voltage V across
a resistor is directly proportional to the
current I flowing through the resistor.
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v= v=
4
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MUCHO IMPORTANTE:
Since i2, v2 & R is always 0:
P in a resistor is ALWAYS 0 (positive)
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Example 2-2
In the circuit shown, calculate the current i, the
conductance G and the power p.
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PP 2-2
For the circuit shown, calculate the voltage v,
conductance G and power p.
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12
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14
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18
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1
# branches = # ind-loops + # nodes 1
= + 1
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PARALLEL
Two or more elements are in parallel if:
They are connected to the same two nodes
have the same voltage
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PP 2-4
How many branches, nodes and independent
loops does the circuit have?
Branches =
Nodes =
Loops =
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Problem 2.5
Find the number of nodes, branches and
independent loops.
Branches =
Nodes =
Loops =
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Problem 2.7b
Find the number of nodes, branches and
independent loops.
Branches =
Nodes =
Loops =
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Chapter 2: Lecture #2
2.4 Kirchhoffs Laws
Kirchhoffs current law (KCL) states that the
algebraic sum of currents entering and
leaving a node (or a closed boundary) is
zero.
Entering = Leaving
i1 i1 + i3 + i4 = i2 + i5
i2
i5
Closed Boundary (Super Node):
i1 i2 i3 + i4 + i5 = 0
i3
i4 26
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IS = + I1 I2 + I3 IS = I1 + I2 I3
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i1 i2 + i3 = 0
i2 i3
i1
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Convention:
Always go clock wise
In at +: ADD
In at : SUBTRACT
v1 + v2 + v2 v4 + v5 = 0 M
Mathematically, v
m =1
m =0
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VS = V1 V2 V3
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PP 2-5
Find i, v1 and v2.
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PP 2-7
Find current io and voltage vo.
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Problem 2-11
Calculate V1 and V2.
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Problem 2-18
Determine I and Vab.
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Chapter 2: Lecture #3
2.5 Series Resistors & Voltage Division
Series: Two or more elements are in series if they
are cascaded or connected sequentially
and consequently carry the same current.
v1 = iR1 or
v2 = iR2 or
KVL: v + v1 + v2 = 0
v = v1 + v2
= i(R1 + R2)
= iReq 35
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v
!
! " #
#$
Rn
vn = v
R1 + R2 + + R N
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% & ' ( " #
#$
R1 R2 %
R3
V
+ '
V4 R4
R7
R6 R5
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i1 = v/R1 i2 = v/R2
v = i1R1 = i2R2
KCL: i i1 i2 = 0
i = i1 + i2
Substitute i1 and i2:
1 1
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1 1
1 1 1
40
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R1 R2 R3 RN
If
)*
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v = i1R1 = i2R2
Substituting v:
-
,
,
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! " #
#$
Gn
in = i
G1 + G2 + G3 + + GN
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R1 R2
?
i1 i2 i2
i
R1 R2 R3
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PP 2-9
Determine Req
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PP 2-12
Find v1 an v2 in the circuit. Also calculate i1 and i2 and
the power dissipated in the 12 and 40 resistors.
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Problem 2-31
Determine i1 to i5 .
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Chapter 2: Lecture #4
2.7 Wye-Delta Transformations
WYE / Y or T or Star Network
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50
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R1 R2
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All
Y
Y
possible pro-
ducts of Y Rs 2@t
Product of
adjacent Rs R1 R2 + R2 R3 + R3 R1
Rb Rc Ra =
R1 = R1
( Ra + Rb + Rc )
" # R1 R2 + R2 R3 + R3 R1
Rc Ra Rb =
R2 = R2
( Ra + Rb + Rc )
Ra Rb R1 R2 + R2 R3 + R3 R1
R3 = Rc =
( Ra + Rb + Rc ) R3 53
1 45 31
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Problem 2-48
Convert the circuits from Y to :
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Problem 2-49
Convert the circuits from to Y :
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Problem 2-44
Determine Req between terminals a and b :
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Chapter 2: Lecture #5
Additional Problems
Problem 2-17
Determine v1, v2 and v3 in the circuit.
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Problem 2-32
Determine i1, i2, i3 and i4 in the circuit.
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Problem 2-37
Find R for the circuit.
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Problem 2-55
Calculate Io in the circuit.
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