A Handbook for t he Study of a Practical Course

in Translation Between English and Chinese

( Revised T hird Edition)

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1 . ( A Practical Course i n T ranslation
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19 Charles Dickens T he Personal History
of Davi d Copperf ield ( Published in Penguin Books 1966 , made
and printed in Great Britain 1972 , David Copperfield) ,
; 2 . 1981 11
( ,
1 34
 ) ; 3 . 1942
( ) ; 4 . 1978
( ) ; 5 .
1980 ( )
, ,
[ 3 : : ,
, ( 1 ); , , , ( 2 ); , , ,
1 , 12 ( 3 ) ] :
Looking back , as I was saying , in to the blank of my infan-
cy , t he first objects I can remember as standing out by themselves
from a confusion of t hings, are my mother and Peggotty .
: ,
: , ,
,
: , ,

: ,
, ,
,
: , the
blank of my infancy, from a confusion of things
blank , ,
blank , ,
, blank men tal confusion;


the blank of my in-
fancy ,
blank the first objects . . . are my mot her and
Peggotty ,
1 35
 objects ,
, ob-
jects any things seen any persons seen,
persons seen or remembered ,
, infancy
, infancy
early childhood
What else do I remember ? Let me see .
: ( )
: ?
: ?
: , ?

: ,
: see
see consider think it over
,
, ,
There comes out of the cloud , our house not new to me,
but quite familiar , in its earliest remembrance .
:
: ,

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: : ,
1 36
cloud, new, bu t, come
,
:
, cloud
cloud , ,
,
blank confusion
,
,
,
our house t he cloud,
not new to me, but quite familiar, ;

new strange not new quite familiar
, ,

On t he ground-floor is Peggot tys kitchen, opening into a
back yard ; wit h a pigeon-house on a pole, in the cent re, without
any pigeons in it ; a great dogkennel in a corner , wit hout any dog;
and a quan tity of fowls t hat look terribly tall to me, walking abou t,
in a menacing and ferocious manner .
: , , ,
, , , ,

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, ;
,
: , ;
1 37
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; ,
,
: ,
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, Peggottys kitchen O n the
ground-floor
opening in to a back yard
back yard wit h , ,
, 4
, yard
, ; and a quantity of fowls
, ,
, ,
, a
lot of domestic fowls , esp . chickens; walking about , in a
menacing and ferocious manner ,
,
,
, , ,
, menacing ferocious
t hreatening wit h violence or dangerand cruel or savage-
ly fierce,
There is one cock who gets upon a post to crow , and seems
to take particular notice of me as I look at him through t he kitchen
1 38
window , who makes me shiver , he is so fierce .
: ( )
: , ,
, ,
,
:
, , ,
: , ,
, ,
,
: w ho makes me shiver , he is so
fierce, , ,
, , ,
,

Of t he geese outside t he side-gate who come waddling after

me with t heir long necks st retched ou t when I go t hat way, I dream
at nigh t: as a man environed by wild beasts might dream of lions .
: ; , ;
,
: , ,
,

: , ,
, :

: , ,
, ; ,
, ,
1 39
 : Of t he geese ou tside t he side-gate

side-gate , ,

There is one cock, Of the
geese . . . st retched out 17 ,
,
,
waddling ( walking with shor t steps, rocking
sligh tly from side to side ) ,
15
,
,

And now I see t he outside of our house, wit h t he latticed
bedroom-windows standing open to let in t he sweet-smelling air ,
and t he ragged old rooksnests still dangling in the elm-t rees at the
bot tom of the front garden .
: , , ,

: :
, ;

: , ,
,

:
,
,
1 40
 : ,
,
,

N ow I am in the garden at the back , beyond t he yard w here

t he empt y pigeon-house and dog-kennel are a very preserve of
butterflies , as I remember it, wit h a high fence, and a gate and
padlock ; w here t he fruit clusters on the trees , riper and richer than
fruit has ever been since, in any ot her garden , and where my
mother gat hers some in a basket, while I stand by, bolting furtive
gooseberries , and t rying to look unmoved .
: , , ,
,
: ,
,
; ,
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,
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1 41
 , , ; ,
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,
preserve of but terflies
( , ) preserve a special area or
domain , ,

, richer
, , rich , , fra-
grant , flavoursome or delicious
A great wind rises , and the summer is gone in a moment .
: ( )
: ,
: ,
: ,
: great wind ,
, ,

1 We are playing in the win ter twiligh t , dancing about the

parlour .
: , ,
: ,

: ,
: ,

: ,
1 42
 :
, twilight
, ligh t shortly before sunrise , light im-
mediately after sunset . , twiligh t
about t he parlour
( abou t: near to ) , ( about : from place to place
in ) , , dance
( move along in rhy thmical steps , usu . wit h music . . .)
, ( move in a lively way , quick-
ly , up and down , etc .)
,
12 When my mother is out of breath and rests herself in an el-
bow-chair, I watch her winding her bright curls round her fingers ,
and st raitening her waist , and nobody knows better t han I do that
she likes to look so well, and is proud of being so prett y .
: , ,
:
, ,
, : ,

: ,
, ,
, ,

: , ,
; ,
, ,
,
: strai-
1 43
tening : limiting , restricting , or confining ; [ archaic]
m aking narrow . ( ) , ( ) ,
,
straigh tening ;
st raitening , ,
she likes to look so well ,
well , well
( in good healt h)
, :
, ,
, , ,

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, ,
, ,
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1 44
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( 1990 2
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, , 1980
1 45
 (1986)
( 1762 1835 )
,
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,
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18211830
,

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( ) :

A Watering Place
Hayden
Sat urday Night , 30 Sept . 1826
The Warwickshire Avon falls in to the Severn here , and on
t he sides of bot h , for many miles back , t here are the finest mead-
ows that ever were seen . In looking over t hem , and beholding
t he endless flocks and herds, one wonders what can become o f all
the mea t ! By riding on about eigh t or nine miles farther however ,
t his wonder is a little diminished ; for here we come to one of the
devouring WE NS: namely , CHE LT E NHAM , which is w hat they

, 182
, , 214
, 183
1 46
call a w atering place, t hat is to say , a place to which East India
plunderers, West India floggers , English taxgorgers , toget her
wit h glu ttons , drunkards , and debauchees of all descrip tions , fe-
m ale as well as male, resort , at t he suggestion of silently laughing
quacks , in the hope of get ting rid of the bodily consequences of t heir
m anifold sins and iniquities . When I en ter a place like t his , I al-
ways feel disposed to squeeze up my nose wit h my fingers . I t is
nonsense, to be sure; but I conceit t hat every two-legged creat ure,
t hat I see coming near me , is about to cover me with the poisonous
proceeds of its impurities . To places like this come all that is
knavish and all that is foolish and all that is base ; gamesters , pick-
pockets , and harlots; young wife-hun ters in search of rich and ugly
and old women , and young husband-hunters in search of rich and
wrinkled or half-rotten men , the former resolutely ben t , be the
means what they may , to give t he lat ter heirs to t heir lands and
tenements . These t hings are notorious; and , Sir W illiam Scott ,
in his speech of 1802 , in f avour of the non- resi dence of the Clergy,
expressly said , t hat they and their families ough t to appear at W a-
teri ng p laces, and that t his was amongst t he means of m aking
them respected by their f locks ! Memorandum : he was a me mber
for Oxford w hen he said this !
( from William Cobbett : R ural R ides, 1830 . )

( ) :

1826 9 30 ,
,
1 47
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( : , 201 )

:
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, ,
, , t he finest
meadows that ever were seen , ,
,
, ? ,
1 48
 , fine , ,
, , t he endless flocks
and herds ,
, ,
one wonders w hat can become of all the meat !
!
(one) ,
, ( 3 ) ! 3 ( By
riding sins and iniquities) 90
,
, , ( 4 5 6 ) ,
( 4 ) ,
( 5 6 ) ,
, ,
; , , watering
place ( ) ,
, ?
, w hich is what they call a watering
place , ,
! 4 , ( When I en ter with my fingers ) ,
,
w hen , feel disposed to
, ,
( 7 ) ,
6 : To places like t his come all t hat is knavish and all
t hat is foolish and all that is base,
,
,
: ? ,
1 49
 ,
, ? ,
, ,
7 These t hings are notorious notorious
,
: ,
( 10 ) notorious
, , and
t hat this was amongst the means of m aking t hem respected by their
f locks to be amongst . . . ,
:

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1 50
suggestion of ( 3) ( )
( 6 ) , bodily consequences ( 3) ( )
( 6) , poisonous proceeds ( 5 ) (
) ( 8 ) ,
6 : young wife-hun ters in search of rich and ugly
and old women , and young husband-hunters in search of rich and
wrinkled or half-rotten men , the former resolutely ben t . . . to give
t he latter heirs to their lands and tenements .
,
,
;
former ( ) the latter ( )
? t he former
young wife-hunters t he latter young husband-hunters ?
,
? , :
t he former young wife-hunters , young husband-
hunters, rich and ugly and old women rich and w rinkled
or half-rotten men latter
,
,
, the former res-
olutely bent . . . , :
! (
9) , , 7
: in f avour of the non-residence of the Clergy (
!) ? ,
t he clergy , ; residence
( C . O . D. )
1 51
 ,
, ,
,
: Memorandum : he was a member for Oxford when he said
t his ! ( : : )
Memorandum ,
, ,
unexpected ending ( )

, ,
, ,
,
:
, ! !
, , Memorandum ,
,
, ! a member for Oxford
, ,

: , ,
,

, ,

, 1985 1 5
1 52
 1979 , :
,

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, 1983 10 12
1 53
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)

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1 54
 294 ,
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Lincolns Gettysburg Address

( November 19 , 1863 )
Four score and seven years ago our fat hers brough t fort h on this
con tinen t a new nation , conceived in liber ty , and dedicated to the
proposition t hat all men are created equal .
Now we are engaged in a great civil war , testing whether that
nation or any nation so conceived and so dedicated , can long en-
dure . We are met on a great battle-field of t hat war . We have come
to dedicate a portion of t he field , as a final resting place for t hose
w ho here gave t heir lives t hat that nation might live . It is altoge -
t her fitting and proper that we should do t his .
Bu t, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate we can not con-
secrate we can not hallow this ground . The brave men , liv-
ing and dead, w ho struggled here , have consecrated it, far above
our poor power to add or detract . The world will little note, nor
long remember what we say here , but it can never forget what t hey
did here . I t is for us t he living , rather , to be dedicated here to the
unfinished work w hich t hey who fough t here have thus far so nobly
advanced . I t is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task
remaining before us t hat from t hese honored dead we take in-
creased devotion to that cause for which t hey gave the last full mea-
sure of devotion that we here highly resolve that t hese dead shall
not have died in vain that this nation , under God , shall have a
1 55
new birt h of freedom and that governmen t of t he people, by the
people, for the people , shall not perish from t he eart h .
,
, ,

, ,

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1 56
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low and , ,
1 57
 , resolve shall, resolve
,
will might , should , shall
resolve
17 , government ,
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18 shall not perish from the eart h , can
long endure , ,
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( 1983 5 )

In your hands , my fellow citizens , more t han mine, will rest
t he final success or failure of our course . Since this coun try was
founded , each generation of Americans has been summoned to give
testimony to its national loyalty . The graves of young Americans
w ho answered t he call to service surround t he globe .
Now t he t rumpet summons us again not as a call to bear
arms , though arms we need ; not as a call to battle, t hough embat-
tled we are; but a call to bear the burden of a long twilight strug-
1 59
gle , year in and year out , rejoicing in hope , patient in t ribula-
tion , a struggle against the common enemies of man : t yranny ,
povert y, disease and war itself .
Can we forge against t hese enemies a grand and global alliance,
Nor th and Sout h , East and West t hat can assure a more fruitful life
for all mankind ? Will you join in that historic effor t ?
In t he long history of the world , only a few generations have
been gran ted the role of defending freedom in its hour of maximum
danger . I do not shrink from t his responsibility ; I welcome it . I
do not believe t hat any of us would exchange places with any ot her
people or any ot her generation . The energy , the faith , t he devo-
tion w hich we bring to t his endeavor will light our count ry and all
w ho serve it, and t he glow from t hat fire can t ruly light t he world .
And so , my fellow Americans , ask not w hat your country can
do for you , ask w hat you can do for your coun try .
My fellow citizens of the world , ask not w hat America will do
for you , but w hat toget her we can do for t he freedom of man .
Finally , w het her you are citizens of America or citizens of the
world, ask of us here t he same high standards of st rengt h and sacri-
fice which we ask of you . Wit h a good conscience our only sure re-
ward , with history t he final judge of our deeds , let us go fort h to
lead t he land we love, asking His blessing and His help , but know-
ing that here on eart h Gods work must truly be our own .

1 :

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[14 ] [ ] : , 1999 .
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[17 ] [ ] :
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[18 ] [ ] [ ] : , 1988 .
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