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Chapter 1 Exercise A
Posted on January 1, 2016 by Mohammad Rashidi
1. Suppose a and b are real numbers, not both 0. Find real numbers c and d such that
1
= c + di.
a + bi
1 a bi
= 2 .
a + bi a + b2
Hence
a b
c= ,d = 2 .
a2 + b2 a + b2
2. Show that
1 + 3i
2
2
1 + 3i 1 3i
( ) = ,
2 2
hence
3
1 + 3i 1 3i 1 + 3i
( ) = = 1.
2 2 2
1 + 3i
This means is a cube root of 1.
2
(a + bi) + (a bi) = 2a
and
(a + bi)(a bi) = a2 + b2 ,
1 + 3i
it follows that is a root of the quadratic equation x2 + x + 1 = 0 .
2
For
1 + 3i 1 3i
+ = 1
2 2
and
1 + 3i 1 3i
= 1.
2 2
Note that for any x R , one has exi = cos x + i sin x . Then
2(1 + i)
ei/4 = cos + i sin =
4 4 2
and
5 5 2(1 + i)
e5i/4 = cos
+ i sin = .
4 4 2
2(1 + i) 2(1 + i)
Hence the roots are and .
2 2
Remark: If we dont know this fact, then we should recall how to solve the roots of x8 1 = 0 or
x4 + 1 = 0 since x2 + i = 0 means x4 + 1 = 0 .
Similarly,
it follows that ( + ) + = + ( + ) .
6. Show that () = () for all , , C .
It is easy to see
and
8. Show that for every C with 0 , there exists a unique C such that = 1 .
Solution: We already know the existence in Problem 1. Now let us show the uniqueness, if = 1
, then
1 1 1 1
=1=( ) = ( ) = 1 = .
hence
1 1 7 1
x= (1, 12, 7, 1) = ( , 6, , ).
2 2 2 2
It follows that
this means
37 + 78i = 37 + 114i,
(x + y) =((x1 , , xn ) + (y1 , , yn ))
=(x1 + y1 , , xn + yn ) = ((x1 + y1 ), , (xn + yn ))
=(x1 , , xn ) + (y1 , , yn )
=x + y.
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