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DIT HYQ's
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DIT HYQ's (Please note this material is copyrighted and
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A gardener presents with SOB, salivation, miosis, and
Organophosphate poisen, anticholinesterase
diarrhea. What is the cause/ MOA?
Atropine is not effective in reversal of organophosphate
No effect on cholinesterase, use Pralidoxime
poisoning. Why? What helps?
What muscarnic agonist / antagonist is used in asthma /
Ipratropium (an antagonist)
COPD?
30 YO has urinary rentention due to neuroleptic, what do Cholinergic Agonist (problem is anti cholinergic
you treat with? s/e's
In Dark both pupils dialate. In light one pupil is miotic
Anticholinergic (atropine)
while another, given drug X, is mydratic. What is X?
What drug is most apropriate in a pt with shock in order to
Dopamine (although clinically doesn't really work)
maintain renal blood flow
60 YO male. Has a hard time driving at night due to
worsening vision and halos appearing around headlights. Cataracts
What is causing this?
A gymnast sustains and anterior sholder dislocation.
Axillary n.
What nerve is injured
A kid falls while skateboarding and injures his elbow. He
can't feel the medial part of his palm. What nerve is Ulnar N. Ulnar Claw (can't extend 4/5 digits)
injured? What "sign"?
A highschool athlete falls on his arm. Radiograph shows
midshaft break of humerous. Which nerve / artery are at Radioal n. Deep Brachial Art.
risk?
Immunocompromised, Neonates, Pregnant
What patients are suseptible to Listeria?
Women
What Organisms are implicatd in subacute endocarditis? S. Veridians, Staph Epi, Enterococci. Staph Aure
A woman is breast feeding develops swelling and redness
over her right breast. Exam reveals a warm, fluctuant Acute Mastitis -> Staph Aur
mass. What is this?
Most common aerobic skin flora? Staph Epi
6 month old child is given honey for a cough and cold and
C. Botulinum (Gm + Rod) inhibist Ach release
becomes flaccid. What causes this? Moa?
One hour after eating a potato salad at a picnic. Whole
Staph Aureus. Preformed toxin ingested (no
family vomits. 10hrs later they are better. Whats the
infection)
cause?
Which Complement is responsible for neutrophil
C5a (also leukotriene B4, IL8)
chemotaxis
Child presents with tetany from hypocalcemia and
candidias due to immune suppression. What is defienent? Tcells, No Thymus
What Dz?
young child has recurrent lung infection and
granulomatous lesions. What defect in neutrophils causes Lack of NADPH oxidase
this?
Mother brings 2 YO child w/ Hx of multiple viral, fungal
infections and his hypo calcemic. Which Germ layer gives No Thymus, DiGeorge, Endoderm (from tongue)
rise to the missing structure? (Endo, Ecto, Meso)
A child with immune diorder w/ repeated Staph Abcesses.
Neutrophils do not respond to chemotactic stimuli. What Hyper IgE aka Job Syndrome
is diag?
A patient Suffers recurrent Neisseria Infections. What part
C5-C9, (LatE)
of complement is defective?
How does mechanism of Type 2 Hyper sensitivity differ
Type 2
from Type3
45 YO female, Malar rash and arthritis. Which Ab is
Anti dsDNA, Anti Smith. ANA is nonspecfic
specific for the dz?
After bone marrow transplant a patient suffers dermatitis,
Graft vs Host Dz.
enteritis, and hepatitis. What dz is this?
A physican is looking for a risk factor for Pancreatitis. He
interviews 100 w/ and 100 w/o pancreatitis. What kind of Case Control
study is this?
New glucose test arrives. You test it with a solution of
90mg of glucose. The test gives you thefollowing
High Precision low accuracy
readings: 54, 56, 55, 54, 53, 56, 55, 54. What is its
presions and accuracy?
A group of ppl who smoke and do not smoke are followed
over 10 years. Every two years they check who develops Cohort
cancer. What kind of study is this?
A certain screening test has a 1% false negative rate.
99%
What is the sensitivity?
Prevalence of varicella in Pop A is 2x that of Pop B. It has
the same incidence in both populations. Why is the Dz in Pop A has longer duration
prevalence different
Gm (-), oxidase (+), diplo cocci Niesseria
22 YO medical student. Burning feeling after meals. EGD
H. Pylori
shows gm (-) rods in gastric mucosa, what are they?
50 YO male smoker with new cough and flu like
symptoms. Gm stains shows nothing. Silver stains shows Legienella (atypical pneumonia)
rods. Daig?
40 Yo female. Acute unilateral knee pain and bilateral
Lyme Dz via Burreli Burgdorferi via Tick
Bells Palsy. What organism? How is it transmitted?
21 YO male. 5 day hx ofr fever chills and enlarged painful Gonorrhea -Ceftriaxone or Azithyromyocin if
calfs
25 yo female with sudden uniocular vision loss and
slurred speech. Hx of weakness and paresthesia that MS (relapsing remitting)
resolved.
10 yo child spaces out in class and then continues as if
Abssence Sezuire
nothing has happened
Pt has vertigo, tinnitus and hearing loss Schwannoma
What is primary energy soucre in pt that has not eaten for
fatty acids
two days?
what is the equation for gibbs free energy? Delta G
Arrange the following in decreasing level of exergonic
PEP>ATP>AMP
energy. AMP, ATP, phosphoenol pyruvate
stressed physician comes home from work, consumes 7
to 8 shots of tequila in rapid succession, then becomes Increase in NADH/NAD ratio
hypoglycemic. What is mechanism?
A woman commenly develops intense muscle cramps
McArdels Dz
and darkening of her urine after exercise. Diag?
What histological changes occur in a smoker? (in the
Columnar epithelium -> squamous
trachea?
A pt in the ER is having anaphylaxis. Incision below
Criciothyroid
thyroid cartilage. What are you cutting through?
A young woman has infertility, recurrent URI and
Cilia, Dyien Arm
dextrocardia. What is defective?
Pt has the following Lung volumes. FRC 5, IRV
Chronic Dz / microcytic anemia. No change in O2
42 yo female with fibroids is chronically tired. what is
sat (normal lungs) no change in Concent. Only
diag? what changes to O2 content and saturation?
change in amount of hemoglobin being in blood
Pt has hypoxia and a CXR reveals and enlarged heart.
Pulmonary HTN -> poor lung perfusion
What is likley cause of hypoxia
A pt suffers a stroke after incurring multiple long bone
Fat Embolism + VSD or ASD
fractures in a skiing accident. What caused the infract?
A pt with a recent tibial fracture and no hx of COPD or
asthma presents with hypoxia. CXR is normal. What is PE
cause
a pt with asthma attack. What is the immune rxn Bronchoconstriction via Mast cell and IgE
occuring? histamine release
A pt has an extended expiratory phase. What type of dz? Obstructive lung dz
H&E of lung biopsy from a plumber shows elongated Asbestos -> Mesothelium + Bronchogenic
structures with clubbed ends. Diag? Risk? carcinoma
a preterm infant has difficulty breathing. X ray reveals
Neonatal ARDS -> steroids giving to mother prior
diffuse ground glass. Diag? What could have prevented
to birth
this?
pt develops ARDS from occupational inhalation of NO. Hylanien membrane, increase in type 2
What histological change is seen? pneomocytes (repair / replace dmg type 1 )