Reinforced concrete

Laboratory no. 4
CONCRETE DEFORMATIONS AND
ELASTIC MODULUS OF CONCRETE
 ELASTIC MODULUS OF CONCRETE

Like many other structural materials, concrete is, to a certain degree, elastic.
A material is said to be perfectly elastic if strain appears and disappears immediately
on application and removal of stress.

The elastic modulus of concrete is a fundamental parameter necessary in

structural analysis for the determination of the strain distributions and
displacements, especially when the design is based on elasticity considerations.
According to Euro Code 2 the tendency is to design at ultimate state and verify at
serviceability one.

Static modulus of elasticity of concrete (Ec) is defined as the slope of the

() relationship at origin, (i.e., the ratio of the stress to the corresponding elastic
strain).
 ELASTIC MODULUS OF CONCRETE

1. Concrete behaviour under short term loading

Whenconcreteissubjectedtoloading,itexhibitsal
inearstress-strainrelationshipintheelasticrange.

stress

strain

Stress-strain relation or Characteristic curve of concrete

 ELASTIC MODULUS OF CONCRETE

1. Concrete behaviour under short term loading

The elastic limit is the greatest stress which a
material is capable of sustaining without any
deviation from proportionality of stress to
strain (Hookes law).

Stage 1
Hooke`s law

fcm average concrete compressive strength

 ELASTIC MODULUS OF CONCRETE

1. Concrete behaviour under short term loading

Stage 2

Stage 1
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1. Concrete behaviour under short term loading

When a load is applied to concrete,it
will deform depending on the
magnitude of the load and its rate of
application. The value of strain is of
immense importance because it
Stage 3 represents the rigidity of the
structural design and the stress at
which the concrete will experience
Stage 2 permanent deformation if
exceeded. Most structures are
subject to cyclic loading and it is,
therefore, important to know the
Stage 1 elastic portion for design purposes,
especially the amount of steel
required for reinforcement.
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1. Concrete behaviour under short term loading

Stage 3

Stage 2

Stage 1

[] 3.5[]
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2. Deformation moduli of concrete

1. Initial tangent modulus It is possible to find a tangent modulus at any
point on the stressstrain curve, but this
modulus applies only to very small changes in
load above or below the load at which the
tangent modulus is considered.

=

=


=
2
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2. Deformation moduli of concrete

2.2. Secant modulus Static modulus of elasticity in compression,
Ec, is the ratio between compressive stress
and strain, expressed in terms of the secant
modulus.

= `

=
2
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2. Deformation moduli of concrete

2.3. Tangent modulus
= ``

=
2
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3. Factors influencing the modulus of elasticity

1. Aggregate

2. Cement stone
matrix

3. Transition area
interface
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4. Analytical relations between the mechanical properties

4.1 Longitudinal modulus of elasticity (E)
0.3

= 22000 []
10

secant modulus of elasticity average concrete

compressive strength

= + 8 []
characteristic concrete
compressive strength
 ELASTIC MODULUS OF CONCRETE

4. Analytical relations between the mechanical properties

4.2. Transversal modulus of elasticity (G)
longitudinal modulus
of elasticity
=
2(1 + )

transversal modulus of elasticity Poisson`s ratio

value for concrete

= 0.2
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5. Determining the experimental curve

1. Cylinder

Tolerances d = 0.5 %

Smoothness 0.0006d mm
Perpendicularity 0.5 mm
Generatrix liniarity 0.2 mm
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5. Determining the experimental curve

5.2. Experimental device

dial gauges

Precision: C1, C2 . 103 mm

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5. Determining the experimental curve

5.3. Recording the deformations
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5. Determining the experimental curve

5.3. Recording the deformations

1
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5. Determining the experimental curve

5.3. Recording the deformations

1 > 2
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5. Determining the experimental curve

5.3. Recording the deformations

1 > 2 > 3
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5. Determining the experimental curve

5.3. Recording the deformations

1 > 2 > 3 > 4

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5. Determining the experimental curve

5.4. Registering the deformations
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5. Determining the experimental curve

5.4. Registering the deformations

=

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5. Determining the experimental curve

5.4. Registering the deformations
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5. Determining the experimental curve

5.4. Registering the deformations

= + []
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5. Determining the experimental curve

5.4. Registering the deformations

, + ,
, = [ ]

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5. Determining the experimental curve

5.4. Registering the deformations

= , + ,+ []
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5. Determining the experimental curve

5.4. Registering the deformations

= []

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5. Determining the experimental curve

5.4. Registering the deformations
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6. Laboratory testing

1. Record and sketch the experimental diagram for a

concrete cylinder.

2. Compute the elastic modulus for the declared interval.

80000 20000
= = 80000
20000

* rounding at 100 MPa