Personal Identification Reviewer 1

1. Ridge ending -The abrupt end of a ridge.

1. The abrupt end of a ridge.
2. Ridge bifurcation - A single ridge that divide into
A. Ridge ending
two ridges.
B. Independent ridge
C. Ridge bifurcation
3. Short ridge - A Ridge that commences, travels a
D. Island
short distance and then ends.
2. A single ridge that divide into two ridges.
4. Island - A single small ridge inside a short ridge or
A. Ridge ending
ridge ending that is nor connected to all other ridges.
B. Bridge
C. Spur
5. Ridge enclosure - A single ridge that bifurcates and
D. Ridge bifurcation
reunites shortly afterwards to continue as a single
ridge.
3. A Ridge that commences, travels a short distance
6. Spur - A bifurcation with short ridge branching off a
and then ends.
longer ridge.
A. Ridge ending
B. Spur
7. Bridge - A short ridge that runs between two
C. Short ridge
parallel ridges.
D. Delta
8. Delta - A Y shaped ridge meeting.
4. A single small ridge inside a short ridge or ridge
ending that is nor connected to all other ridges.
9. Core - A U turn in the ridge pattern.
A. Delta
B. Spur
10.Minutiae - Major features of a fingerprint.
C. Short ridge
D. Island
Personal Identification
1. Fingerprint
5. A single ridge that bifurcates and reunites shortly
2. DNA
afterwards to continue as a single ridge.
3. Forensic Anthropology
A. Cross-over
4. Facial reconstruction
B. Ridge enclosure
5. Hair comparisons
C. Independent ridge
D. Island
Answers: Personal
Identification
6. A bifurcation with short ridge branching off a longer 1. A
ridge. 2. D
A. Core 3. C
B. Independent ridge 4. D
C. Spur 5. B
D. Delta 6. C
7. A
8. A
7. A short ridge that runs between two parallel ridges. 9. C
A. Bridge 10. A
B. Short ridge
C. Ridge enclosure
Personal Identification Reviewer 2
D. Ridge bifurcation

1. It is an electronic device used to capture a digital

8. A Y shaped ridge meeting. image of the finger print pattern.
A. Delta A. Fingerprint
B. Cross-over B. Fingerprint Identification
C. Core C. Fingerprint Sensor
D. Spur D. Electronic Recording

9. A U turn in the ridge pattern. 2. It refers to the identification of humans by their

A. Delta characteristics or traits.
B. Cross-over A. Fingerprint
C. Core B. Fingerprint Identification
D. Spur C. Fingerprint Sensor
D. Biometrics

10.Major features of a fingerprint. 3. A U-turn in the ridge pattern.

A. Minutiae A. Island
B. Bridge B. Delta
C. Divergence ridge C. Bridge
D. Cross-over D. Core

4. A Y-shape ridge meeting.

Remember the following: Personal Identification A. Delta
 B. Island 3. The abrupt end of a ridge.
C. Cross-over A. Ridge Ending
D. Core B. Short Ridge
C. Island
5. A short ridge that runs between two parallel ridges. D. Core
A. Ridge Enclosure
B. Bridge 4. Major Features of a fingerprint, using which
C. Ridge Ending comparisons of one print with another can be made.
D. Cross-over A. Minutiae
B. Friction Ridge
6. A bifurcation with a short ridge branching off a C. Latent Print
longer ridge. D. Fingerprint Identification
A. Spur
B. Ridge Bifurcation 5. A Short Ridge is also known as
C. Ridge Enclosure A. Spur
D. Island B. Core
C. Island
7. A single ridge that bifurcates and reunites shortly D. Dots
afterwards to continue as a single ridge.
A. Spur 6. Ridges which are significantly shorter than the
B. Ridge Bifurcation average ridge length on the fingerprint.
C. Ridge Enclosure A. Delta
D. Island B. Dot
C. Spur
8. A single small ridge inside a short ridge or ridge D. Bridge
ending that is not connected to all other ridges.
A. Ridge Ending 7. It is the point at which a ridge terminates.
B. Island A. Core
C. Cross-over B. Island
D. Spur C. Delta
D. Ridge Ending
9. A ridge that commences, travels a short distance
and then ends. 8. Points at which a single ridge split into two ridges.
A. Short Ridge A. Island
B. Ridge Ending B. Ridge Enclosure
C. Spur C. Bifurcation
D. Cross-Over D. Bridge

10. Short Ridge is also known as 9. The ridges enter from one side of the finger, rise in
A. Spur the center forming an arch and then exit the other side
B. Bridge of the finger.
C. Island A. Loop
D. Independent Ridge B. Arch
C. Whorl
Answer: D. Accidental whorl

1. C 10. Ridges form circularly around a central point on the

2. D finger.
3. D A. Radial Loop
4. A B. Loop
5. B C. Arch
6. A D. Whorl
7. C
8. B Answer:
9. A
10. D 1. D
2. C
3. A
4. A
Personal Identification Reviewer 3 5. D
6. B
1. A bridge is also called 7. D
A. Spur 8. C
B. Island 9. B
C. Independent Ridge 10. D
D. Cross-Over

2. A single ridge that divides into two ridges.

A. Cross-Over Personal Identification Reviewer 4
B. Delta
C. Ridge Bifurcation 1. The Ridges enter from one side of a finger, form a
D. Island curve and then exit on that same side.
A. Accidental Whorl
 B. Loop 8. B
C. Arch 9. A
D. Whorl 10. D

2. When is fingerprint ridges formed?

A. First to second month of fetal development
B. Second to third month of fetal development Personal Identification Definition of Terms
C. Third to fourth month of fetal development
D. Fourth to fifth month of fetal development
Accidental whorl - relatively rare pattern having 3 or
more deltas or all the characteristics of two or more
3. It is the process of automatically matching one of
different pattern types (excluding the plain arch). This
many unknown fingerprints against a database of
category is used to accommodate those patterns that
known and unknown prints.
do not conform to any of the fingerprint patterns.
A. Minutiae
B. Automated Fingerprint Identification System -
Adhesive lifter - any of a variety of adhesive coated
AFIS
materials or tapes used to lift fingerprints or footwear
C. Exemplar
impressions. They are primarily used to lift powdered
D. Electric Recording
impressions from non-pourous surfaces.
4. A basic fundamental of fingerprints which says that
AFIS - (automated fingerprint identification system)
fingerprint never change.
enables computers to make rapid and accurate
A. Individuality
comparisons between fingerprints and the vast number
B. Permanence
of fingerprints in police records.
C. Static
D. Variable
Alternate light source - equipment used to produce
visible and invisible light at various wavelengths to
5. A basic fundamental of fingerprint which says that no
enhance or visualize potential items of evidence.
two fingerprints are alike.
A. Individuality
Angle - results from two or more ridges converging
B. Permanence
with one another at a point.
C. Static
D. Variable
Anthropometry - method of identification devised by
Alphonse Bertillon in the late 19th century, consisting
6. One of the characteristics of a ridge, the point at
of a set of body measurements thought to form a
which the ridge terminate.
unique profile.
A. Ridge Ending
B. Bifurcation
Arch - the ridges enter from one side of the finger, rise
C. Dot
in the center forming an arc and then exit the other
D. Island
side of the finger.
7. The Y-Shaped split of one ridge into two.
Argentina - became the first country to rely solely on
A. Ridge Ending
fingerprints as a method of individualization.
B. Bifurcation
C. Dot
Bartillonage - a method of classifying human beings
D. Island
by a set of detailed body measurements, invented by
Alphonse Bertillon, a clerk in the French Surete in 1883
8. It refers to the feet and toes.
but rendered obsolete by fingerprinting.
A. Palmar
B. Plantar
Bifurcation - (fork) a single ridge splitting or forking
C. Exemplar
into two branches.
D. Latent
Biometrics - refers to the identification of humans by
9. It refers to fingers and palms.
their physiological/behavioral characteristics.
A. Palmar
B. Plantar
Bridges - a connecting friction ridge between parallel
C. Exemplar
running ridges generally right angles.
D. Latent
Central pocket loop - a variation of the plain whorl
10. It is an impression left by the friction ridges of a
pattern. Some ridges tend to form a loop pattern that
human finger.
recurves and surround a whorl at the center.
A. Dermatoglyphic
B. Latent Print
Core - A U-turn in the ridge pattern. Approximate
C. Friction Ridge
center of the pattern area.
D. fingerprint
Answer:
Cross over/Bridge - a short ridge that runs between
two parallel ridges.
1. B
2. C
Cyanoacrylate fuming - important method for the
3. B
visualization of latent fingerprints. Also called "super
4. B
glue fuming".
5. A
6. A
Delta - the nearest point nearest the typeline
7. B
divergence, a characteristic junction in the looped ridge
pattern seen in the fingerprints of approximately 65%
of people. The outer terminal point of the pattern
nearest the type line divergence. A Y-shape ridge
meeting.
Dental records - a standard system for classifying a
persons teeth according to distribution, displacement,
and their appearance together with any gaps or
evidence of remedial work; useful for identifying bodies
because of the virtual indestructibility of the teeth.
Dermis - the layer of the skin just below the epidermis
or outer layer. The dermis has a rich supply of blood
vessels, nerves, and skin structures.
Divergence - is the spreading a part of two ridges that
have been running parallel or nearly parallel.
Diverging ridges - diverging ridges are parallel for
some distance but then swing out away from each
other.
DNA profile - consists of a set of DNA identification
characteristics that permit the DNA of one person to be
distinguishable from that of another person.
Dot - a very short ridge and means exactly what the
word implies.
Double loop - (twinned loop) another type of whorl. In
it,two separate loop formations are present and may
surround each other.
Enclosure, ridge - a single ridge that bifurcates and
reunites shortly afterwards to continue as a single
ridge. also known as lakes.
Enhance - to develop or to bring out from a latent
form.
Enlargement - a print made from a smaller negative
or slide through magnification.
Epidermis - the outermost non vascular covering of
the skin.
Femur - the thighbone which can be measured and
used as a guide to the height of the person to whom it
belong.
Fingerprint pattern type - formed by a series of lines
corresponding to ridges (hills) and grooves (valleys) on
the skin of the fingertip. There are eight basic types of
fingerprint patterns.
Fingerprint powder - a powder (silver, gray, black,
red, or fluorescent) dusted on a latent print with a
brush to enhance or bring out the ridge details of a
print.
Fingerprint recognition/Fingerprint identification
- refers to the automated method of verifying a match
between two human fingerprints.
Focal point - are found within most pattern areas,
usually a delta and core.
Forensic odontology - the study of teeth, dentures,
and bite marks for the purpose of obtaining criminal
evidence or identifying physical remains or the source
of the bite wounds.
Friction ridge skin - skin on the soles of the feet,
palms of the hands, and fingers of humans and some
primates that form ridges and valleys. Friction ridge
skin forms classifiable patterns on the end joint of the
finger.
Horizontal plane - is the ridge directly below an up
thrusting or angular ridge in tented arch pattern, the
baseline ridge enters the pattern may rise slightly and
exits on the opposite side from which it enters.
Identikit - the first packaged system for
reconstructing the appearance of a suspects face based
on a wide choice of drawings of facial features.
Iodine fumes - the oldest method for visualizing
latent fingerprints at a crime scene.
Island - a single small ridge inside a short ridge or
ridge ending that is not connected to all other ridges.
Langer's lines - structural orientation of the fibrous
tissue of the skin that forms the natural cleavage line
present in all body areas but visible only in certain
areas such as the creases of the palms.
Latent print - generally used to describe any type of
print found at the scene of a crime or on evidence
associated with a crime. Latent prints are normally not
visible. Some means of development is generally
required for their visualization.
Line of flow - imaginary line between the delta and
core in the loop and whorl patterns. Line of flow is used
to determine sufficient recurve in patterns.
Loop - the ridges enter from one side of a finger, form
a curve and then exit on the same side.
Major criminal prints - a recording of all of the
friction ridge skin that covers the hands. Major criminal
prints include fingers, palms, tips of the fingers and
middle joints of the finger on both sides.
Minutiae - the characteristics that make each
fingerprint capable of being differentiated from any
other print by a different area of friction skin.
Comparison of latent prints with known prints begins
with the overall pattern. The ridge detail of fingerprints
including the ends of the ridges, their separations, and
their relationships to one another constitute the bases
for fingerprint comparison.
Palmar zone - the elevated area just behind the
fingers and above the center of the palm. This zone has
no hair follicles and thus, no apocrine or sebaceous
glands.
Pattern area - is that part of the fingerprint
impression used in the interpretation and classification
of a finger. Is that part of a loop or whorl in which
appear the core, delta, and ridge.
Plain arch - the simplest pattern. The ridges enter on
one side, rise to form a wave in the center and exit
smoothly on the opposite side.
Plain whorl - a pattern in which one or more ridges
form a complete revolution around the center. Whorls
generally have two or more deltas.
Plantar - pertaining to the sole of the foot.
Radial loop - a loop formed as part of a fingerprint
pattern that opens toward the thumb, recurve and then
exit on the same side

Ridge count - is the number of ridges intervening

between the delta and the core.

Ridge crossing - a point where two ridge units

intersect.

Ridge ending - the point of the ridge's termination. It

is considered an ending ridge only if it terminates
within the pattern area.

Rojas murder case - considered the first homicide

solved by fingerprint evidence.

Short ridge - a relative term used to denote a ridge

that is not as long as the average ridge in that specific
print.

Spur - a bifurcation with a short ridge branching off a

longer ridge. also known as hooks.

Tented arch - variation of the plain arch. Ridges at the

center are thrust upward in a more abrupt manner
similar to the appearance of a tent pole.

Tibia - the shin bone, often used as guide for

calculating a persons height.

Tracings - are used to breakdown whorl patterns into

smaller sub-groupings.

Trifurcation - one single ridge splitting into three-

pronged fork-shaped pattern.

Typelines - the two innermost ridges that surround or

tend to surround the pattern area. The pattern area of
a loop surrounded by two diverging ridges.

Ulnar loop - a pattern in which one or more ridges

enter on the side toward the little finger, re-curve and
then exit toward the same side.

Visible print - sometimes referred to as a patent print.

Made by fingers stained with colored materials such as
blood, ink, paint, grease, or dirt.

Whorls - fingerprint pattern where the ridges turn

through at least one complete circuit. Ridges form
circularly around a central point of the finger.