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Home>Chemistry>ChemistryProjecttoMeasuretheAmountofAceticAcidinVinegar

ChemistryProjecttoMeasuretheAmountofAcetic
AcidinVinegar
MeasuringtheAmountof
AceticAcidInVinegar
AIM

MeasuringtheAmountofAceticAcidInVinegarbyTitrationwithanIndicatorSolution

Certificate

ThisistocertifythatMohitK.DasofclassXIIhascompletedthechemistryprojectentitled
DETERMINATIONOFAMOUNTOFACETICACIDINVINEGARhimselfandundermyguidance.The
progressoftheprojecthasbeencontinuouslyreportedandhasbeeninmyknowledgeconsistently.

Mrs.AditiKapoor

(P.G.TCHEMISTRY)

MOTHERDIVINEPUBLICSCHOOL

Acknowledgement

ItgivesmegreatpleasuretoexpressmygratitudetowardsourchemistryteacherMrs.ADITIKAPOORforher
guidance,supportandencouragementthroughoutthedurationoftheproject.Withouthermotivationandhelp
thesuccessfulcompletionofthisprojectwouldnothavebeenpossible.

NaviArora

Index

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1Certificate

2Acknowledgement

3Aim

4Objective

5Introduction

6MaterialsandEquipment

7Theory

8ExperimentalProcedure

>Experiment1

>Experiment2

>Experiment3

9Result

10Precautions

11Bibliography

Objective

ThegoalofthisprojectistodeterminetheamountofAceticAcidindifferenttypesofvinegarusingtitration
withacolouredpHindicatortodeterminetheendpoint.

Introduction

Vinegarisasolutionmadefromthefermentationofethanol(CH3CH2OH),whichinturnwaspreviously
fermentedfromsugar.Thefermentationofethanolresultsintheproductionofaceticacid(CH3COOH).There
aremanydifferenttypesofvinegar,eachstartingfromadifferentoriginalsugarsource(e.g.,rice,wine,malt,
etc.).Theamountofaceticacidinvinegarcanvary,typicallybetween4to6%fortablevinegar,butuptothree
timeshigher(18%)forpicklingvinegar.

Inthisproject,wewilldeterminetheamountofacidindifferentvinegarsusingtitration,acommontechniquein
chemistry.Titrationisawaytomeasuretheunknownamountofachemicalinasolution(thetitrant)byadding
ameasuredamountofachemicalwithaknownconcentration(thetitratingsolution).Thetitratingsolution
reactswiththetitrant,andtheendpointofthereactionismonitoredinsomeway.Theconcentrationofthetitrant
cannowbecalculatedfromtheamountoftitratingsolutionadded,andtheratioofthetwochemicalsinthe
chemicalequationforthereaction.

Tomeasuretheacidityofavinegarsolution,wecanaddenoughhydroxylionstobalanceouttheadded
hydrogenionsfromtheacid.Thehydroxylionswillreactwiththehydrogenionstoproducewater.Inorderfor
atitrationtowork,weneedthreethings:

1.atitrationsolution(containshydroxylionswithapreciselyknownconcentration),
2.amethodfordeliveringapreciselymeasuredvolumeofthetitratingsolution,and
3.ameansofindicatingwhentheendpointhasbeenreached.

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Forthetitratingsolution,welluseadilutesolutionofsodiumhydroxide(NaOH).Sodiumhydroxideisastrong
base,whichmeansthatitdissociatesalmostcompletelyinwater.SoforeveryNaOH

moleculethatweaddtothesolution,wecanexpecttoproduceahydroxylion.

Todispenseanaccuratelymeasuredvolumeofthetitratingsolution,wewilluseaburette.Aburetteisalong
tubewithavalveatthebottomandgraduatedmarkingsontheoutsidetomeasurethevolumecontainedinthe
burette.Theburetteismountedonaringstand,directlyabovethetitrantsolution(asshowninthepicture).

Solutionsintheburettetendtocreepupthesidesoftheglassatthesurfaceoftheliquid.Thisisduetothe
surfacetensionofwater.Thesurfaceoftheliquidthusformsacurve,calledameniscus.Tomeasurethevolume
oftheliquidintheburette,alwaysreadfromthebottomofthemeniscus.

Inthisexperiment,wewilluseanindicatorsolutioncalledphenolphthalein.Phenolphthaleiniscolourlesswhen
thesolutionisacidicorneutral.Whenthesolutionbecomesslightlybasic,phenolphthaleinturnspinkish,and
thenlightpurpleasthesolutionbecomesmorebasic.Sowhenthevinegarsolutionstartstoturnpink,weknow
thatthetitrationiscomplete.

MaterialsandEquipment

Todothisexperimentwewillneedthefollowingmaterialsandequipment:

.Vinegar,threedifferenttypes.

.Distilledwater

.Smallfunnel

.0.5%Phenolphthaleinsolutioninalcohol(pHindicatorsolution)

.0.1Msodiumhydroxidesolution

.125mLConicalflask

.25or50mLburette

.10mLgraduatedcylinder

.Ringstand

.Buretteclamp

Theory

Requiredamountofsodiumhydroxide(NaOH)canbecalculatedusingthefollowingformula:

W_MolarityxMolarmassxVolume(cm)
_1000

MolarmassofNaOH=40g/mol=0.5x40x500~1000=10g

Theaceticacidcontentofavinegarmaybedeterminedbytitratingavinegarsamplewithasolutionof
sodiumhydroxideofknownmolarconcentration(molarity).

CH3COOH(aq)+NaOH(aq)CH3COONa(aq)+H2O(l)(acid)+(base)>(salt)+(water)

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Attheendpointinthetitrationstoichiometrybetweenthebothsolutionliesina1:1ratio.

MCH COOHVCH COOH1

3 3

MNaOHVNaOH1

Strengthofacidinvinegarcanbedeterminedbythefollowingformula:

Strengthofaceticacid=MCHCOOHx60

Indicator:PhenolphthaleinEndPoint:Colourlesstopink

ExperimentalProcedure

PerformingtheTitration

1.Pour1.5mlofvinegarinanConicalflask.
1.Adddistilledwatertodissolvethevinegarsothatthevolumeofthesolutionbecomes20mL.
2.Add3dropsof0.5%phenolphthaleinsolution.
1.Usetheburetteclamptoattachtheburettetotheringstand.Theopeningatthebottomofthe
buretteshouldbejustabovetheheightoftheConicalflaskweuseforthevinegarand
phenolphthaleinsolution.
2.Useafunneltofilltheburettewitha0.1Msolutionofsodiumhydroxide.
3.Notethestartinglevelofthesodiumhydroxidesolutionintheburette.Putthevinegar
solutiontobetitratedundertheburette.
4.Slowlydripthesolutionofsodiumhydroxideintothevinegarsolution.Swirltheflaskgently
tomixthesolution,whilekeepingtheopeningunderneaththeburette.
5.Atsomepointwewillseeapinkcolourinthevinegarsolutionwhenthesodiumhydroxideis
added,butthecolourwillquickly

disappearasthesolutionismixed.Whenthishappens,slowtheburettetodropbydropaddition.

1.Whenthevinegarsolutionturnspinkandremainsthatcolourevenwithmixing,thetitrationiscomplete.
Closethetap(orpinchvalve)oftheburette.
2.Notetheremaininglevelofthesodiumhydroxidesolutionintheburette.Remembertoreadfromthe
bottomofthemeniscus.
3.Subtracttheinitiallevelfromtheremainingleveltofigureouthowmuchtitratingsolutionwehaveused.
4.Foreachvinegarthatwetest,repeatthetitrationatleastthreetimes.

EXPERIMENT1

I.Takethehouseholdvinegarintheconicalflaskanddothetitrationwithsodiumhydroxide(NaOH)as
mentioned.

OBSERVATIONS

S.no Volumeofvinegar BuretteReading VolumeofNaOH

solution Initial(inmL) Final(inmL) solutionused
1. 20 0 27 27
2. 20 0 27 27
3. 20 0 27 27

Concordantvolume=27mL

CALCULATIONS
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Weknowthat,

MCH COOHVCH COOH_MNaOHVNaOH

3 3

=>MCH3

COOH

VMNaOHVNaOH

CH3COOH

COOH 0.5x27

=>MCH

20

=0.675mol/L

Strengthofaceticacid=0.675x60

=40.5g/L

EXPERIMENT2

I.Takethewinevinegarintheconicalflaskanddothetitrationwithsodiumhydroxide(NaOH)asmentioned.

OBSERVATIONS

S.no Volumeofvinegar BuretteReading VolumeofNaOH

solution Initial(inmL) Final(inmL) solutionused
1. 20 0 48 48
2. 20 0 48 48
3. 20 0 48 48

Concordantvolume=48mL

CALCULATIONS

Weknowthat,

MCH COOHVCH COOH_MNaOHVNaOH

3 3

=>MCH3

COOH

VMNaOHVNaOH

CH3COOH

COOH 0.5x48

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=>MCH

20

=1.2mol/L

Strengthofaceticacid=1.2x60

=72g/L

EXPERIMENT3

I.Takethefruit(Persimmon)vinegarintheconicalflaskanddothetitrationwithsodiumhydroxide(NaOH)as
mentioned.

OBSERVATIONS

S.no Volumeofvinegar BuretteReading VolumeofNaOH

solution Initial(inmL) Final(inmL) solutionused
1. 20 0 32 32
2. 20 0 32 32
3. 20 0 32 32

Concordantvolume=32mL

CALCULATIONS

Weknowthat,
MCH COOHVCH COOH_MNaOHVNaOH
3 3

=>MCH3

COOH

VMNaOHVNaOH

CH3COOH

COOH 0.5x32

=>MCH

20

=0.8mol/L

Strengthofaceticacid=0.8x60

=48g/L

Result

>Strengthofaceticacidinhouseholdvinegar=40.5g/L.

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>Strengthofaceticacidinwinevinegar=72g/L.

>Strengthofaceticacidinfruitvinegar=48g/L.

Graphicallyplottingvariousvinegarsamplesinaccordancewiththeamountofaceticacidpresentinthemwe
presentastunningfind:

HouseholdVinegarWineFruitVinegar

Orderofamountofaceticacidindifferentsamplesofvinegaris:

Wine>Fruitvinegar>Householdvinegar

Precautions

>Transferenceofmeasuredvinegarintoameasuringflaskshouldbedoneverycarefully.

>Measuringmustbeperformedcarefully.

>Lookatthemeniscusofsolutionateyeleveltoavoidparallax.

>Lookatthelowermeniscusinthelightcolouredsolutionanduppermeniscusinthedarkcolouredsolution
becauseofvisibility.

>Donotforgettoadddistilledwatertothevinegar.

Bibliography

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great!veryhelpfulindeed.

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