Author:

Armin Eftekhari

Novin Parsian Co.

Mar.2006

Hydraulic calculation in piping networks

(Piping Training Courses)
 Novin Parsian Co.
Mar.2006
Introduction of the trainer
Introduction of
trainer

Armin Eftekhari
Topics

Piping Network

Labeling
Diagram

Network Personal Information Marital status : Married

inlet & outlet
Age : 34 years ( 8th Sep. 1972)
Hydraulic Place of Birth : Tehran
Calculation
Definition Education M.S. in Mechanical Engineering (Applied Mechanics)
[ Sep.1995 ~ Sep.1998 ] Azad University of Tehran
Sizing Criteria
B.S. in Mechanical Engineering (Solid Mechanics)
Velocity [ Sep.1990 ~ Jan.1995 ] Azad University of Tehran
Professional experience [ Sep. 2000 until now ] Montreal Consulting Engineering Company(Tehran / Iran)
Pressure drop

Requirements & Designer of piping & auxiliary systems of power plants

contract Design of design criteria, system description, Process Flow Diagram, Piping &
Recommendati
ons instrumentation diagram, General & equipment arrangement, Pipe route, Piping
Pipe Sizing
layout, Isometric, Input for civil work Drawing, Piping specification, Insulation
Calculations specification, Preparation of line list, valve list, equipment list, stress analysis,
MTO(Material take off), supporting, sizing &pressure drop calculation of the
COMPRESSIBL
E FLOW IN
following systems :
PIPING Natural gas system
Sequence Of
Gas oil system
Simulation Auxiliary cooling system
Compressed air system
Example 1
Lube oil system
 Novin Parsian Co.
Mar.2006
Introduction of the trainer
Introduction of
trainer

Armin Eftekhari
Topics

Piping Network

Labeling
Diagram

Network
inlet & outlet Professional experience Production & Supply water system
Hydraulic Air conditioning system
Calculation Plumbing System
Definition
Chemical drain & sewage system
Sizing Criteria Mechanical Cordinator
Velocity Kazeroon Gas Turbine Power Plants
Damavand Gas Turbine Power Plants
Pressure drop
Sanadaj Gas Turbine Power Plants
Requirements &
Shirvan Gas Turbine Power Plants
contract Head Of piping Group
Recommendati
ons Additional professional skills Working with the following soft wares:
Pipe Sizing
Windows 2000 / XP ,Word , Excel, Access, Power point, Front Page
Calculations Auto cad , Microstation ,Caesar II, Cadworx , Pipe net, Trace calculator ,
Insulation calculator,PDS
COMPRESSIBL
E FLOW IN
Working with the following Computer languages:
PIPING Matlab, Qbasic,Fortran
Sequence Of Trainings Excel, Cadworx, Caesar II ,Micro station,Siemens technology transfer for
Simulation combined cycles(Equipment & General Modules)
Languages English( fluent in specking, Reading & writing)
Example 1
Farsi(Native Language)
 Novin Parsian Co.
Mar.2006
Schedule
Introduction of
trainer

Topics
Topics
Piping Network

Labeling
Diagram
1- Piping Network 7- Steady single phase compressible &
Network
incompressible flow in piping
inlet & outlet
2- Labeling Diagram systems
Hydraulic
Calculation
Definition
3- Inlets and Outlets 8- Sequence of simulation
Sizing Criteria

Velocity
4- Hydraulic Calculation 9- Example #1
Pressure drop

Requirements &
contract
5- Sizing Criteria 10- Example #2
Recommendati
ons
5.1- Velocity
Pipe Sizing
Calculations 5.2- Pressure drop 11-Introduction of pipe net Software
COMPRESSIBL 5.3- System requirements &
E FLOW IN
PIPING contract (client) recommendations
Sequence Of
Simulation

Example 1
6- Pipe sizing calculation
 Novin Parsian Co.
Mar.2006
Basic Definitions
Introduction of
trainer
1- Piping Network
Topics

Piping Network
In general, networks consist of a number of components (Pipes, Ducts,
Labeling
Diagram Pumps, Valves, Filters, Orifice Plates, Fixed Pressure Drops and Nozzles)
Network all connected together. The points at which the components may be joined
inlet & outlet

Hydraulic
to other components are referred to as nodes. Consider, for example, the
Calculation
Definition
simple system shown below, which consists of a single pipe with a nozzle
Sizing Criteria
on one end. A fluid enters at theopen end of the pipe and is discharged
Velocity
through the nozzle.
Pressure drop

Requirements &
contract
Recommendati
ons

Pipe Sizing
Calculations

COMPRESSIBL
E FLOW IN
PIPING

Sequence Of
Simulation

Example 1
 Novin Parsian Co.
Mar.2006
Basic Definitions
Introduction of
trainer This network can be represented schematically by the diagram shown below.
Topics

Piping Network

Labeling
Diagram

Network
inlet & outlet

Hydraulic
Calculation
Definition

Sizing Criteria

Velocity

Pressure drop

Requirements &
contract
Recommendati
ons
2- Labeling Diagram
Pipe Sizing
Calculations
Notice how the pipe, nozzle and nodes have each been given a label. When
COMPRESSIBL
E FLOW IN
preparing a network for simulation every component and every node must
PIPING be given a label which identifies it uniquely. The production of a fully
Sequence Of
Simulation
labelled schematic diagram is an essential part of any simulation.Labels
may either be tagged or untagged.
Example 1
 Novin Parsian Co.
Mar.2006
Basic Definitions
Introduction of
trainer
Labels can be tagged or untagged.Tags can be used to make labels more
Topics
meaningful, and to allow sections of large networks to be more easily
Piping Network
identified. In our schematic diagram we have labeled the pipe as
Labeling
Diagram P/1(tagged label), the nozzle as 100(untaged label), and the nodes as 1
Network and 2(untaged label).
inlet & outlet

Hydraulic
Calculation
Definition
3- Inlets and Outlets
Sizing Criteria

Velocity
In the drawing of a network ,each pipe, pump, valve and filter component
Pressure drop
should have two nodes (one at each end). One of these nodes is
Requirements &
designated the component's input node and the other is designated its
contract
Recommendati
output node. Note that fluid does not necessarily flow from the input node to
ons
the output node.
Pipe Sizing
Calculations

COMPRESSIBL
E FLOW IN
PIPING

Sequence Of
Simulation

Example 1
 Novin Parsian Co.
Mar.2006
Sizing
Introduction of
trainer
4- Hydraulic Calculation
Topics

Piping Network
-Sizing calculation.
Labeling
Diagram

Network -Pressure Drop calculation.

inlet & outlet

Hydraulic
Calculation
Definition
-Adjust/Regulate/Control of the piping systems.
Sizing Criteria

Velocity

Pressure drop

Requirements &
5- Sizing Criteria
contract
Recommendati
ons
1-Velocity.
Pipe Sizing
Calculations

COMPRESSIBL 2-Pressure drop.

E FLOW IN
PIPING

Sequence Of
Simulation
3-System requirements and contract (client) recommendations.
Example 1
 Novin Parsian Co.
Mar.2006
Sizing
Introduction of
trainer
5.1- Velocity
Topics

Piping Network
High velocity in piping systems increases the following effects:
Labeling
Diagram

Network -Pressure Drop.

inlet & outlet

Hydraulic
Calculation
Definition
-Pipe corrosion.
Sizing Criteria

Velocity
-Water hammer.
Pressure drop

Requirements &
-Noise (sound) emission.
contract
Recommendati
ons
In the other hand low velocities increases pipe diameter (Increase the total
Pipe Sizing
Calculations cost) and also increase the possibility of illuviation (Sedimentation) in a
COMPRESSIBL piping systems.
E FLOW IN
PIPING

Sequence Of
Simulation
For fluid velocities of different systems it is better to refer to the piping hand
Example 1
books.
 Novin Parsian Co.
Mar.2006
Basic Definitions
Introduction of
trainer
5.2- Pressure drop
Topics

Piping Network
Generally if is preferable to reduce pressure drop in piping system as far as
Labeling
Diagram possible because :
Network
inlet & outlet

Hydraulic
-To decreases the size of pump or compressor (Cost reduction).
Calculation
Definition

Sizing Criteria
-To reduces the initial pressure (i.e. in case of gravity flows).
Velocity

Pressure drop
-To decreases the energy losses.
Requirements &
contract
Recommendati
-To reduce down stream velocity of gases and also the related corrosion and
ons
noise emission.
Pipe Sizing
Calculations

COMPRESSIBL For admissible pressure drop for different media system it is better to refer to
E FLOW IN
PIPING piping hand books (For example for Water it is 2.5 m/100m and for natural
Sequence Of
Simulation
gas the total pressure drop shall be less than 10% of initial pressure).
Example 1
 Novin Parsian Co.
Mar.2006
Basic Definitions
Introduction of
trainer
5.3 -System requirements & contract (client) recommendations
Topics

Piping Network
Some times we have to meet some conditions in Terminal points / input/out
Labeling
Diagram put points (according to technical matters, contract specifications or client
Network requirements). For example:
inlet & outlet

Hydraulic
Calculation
Definition
- For a long water piping system with gravity flow may be it is needed to use
Sizing Criteria
velocities less than what was mentioned before.
Velocity

Pressure drop
- For a system with predefined flow characteristics in inlet and out let points
Requirements &
(flow characteristics have been defined in terminal points).
contract
Recommendati
ons
-Climatic conditions.
Pipe Sizing
Calculations

COMPRESSIBL
E FLOW IN
PIPING

Sequence Of
Simulation

Example 1
 Novin Parsian Co.
Mar.2006
Sizing
Introduction of
trainer
6- Pipe sizing calculation
Topics

Piping Network
Suppose that a pipe shall deliver a media with density of r and flow rate of
Labeling
Diagram m then :
Network
m0
r= 0 m0 = r Q 0
inlet & outlet

Hydraulic
Calculation Q
Definition

Sizing Criteria Q 0 = A V
p
Velocity

Pressure drop A= Di 2
4
Requirements &
contract
Recommendati
Hence :
ons

Pipe Sizing p
Calculations m0 = r Di 2 V
COMPRESSIBL
4
E FLOW IN
PIPING
Q0 m0
Sequence Of Di = 2 or Di = 2
Simulation p V r p V
Example 1
 Novin Parsian Co.
Mar.2006
Sizing

Where; r = Liquid Density [kg/m] , m=mass flow rate [kg/s] ,

Introduction of
trainer

Topics

Piping Network
Q=Volumetric flow rate [m/s] , A=Pipe cross section area [m] ,
Labeling
Diagram

Network V=Admissible flow velocity (to be taken from the table) [m/s] ,
inlet & outlet

Hydraulic
Calculation
Definition
Di = Internal pipe diameter [m]
Sizing Criteria

Velocity
After calculation of the pipe inside diameter ,according to the pipe schedule
Pressure drop
and pipe dimension standard the suitable nominal diameter is selected.
Requirements &
contract
Recommendati
Now the actual velocity of the medium in the pipe shall be calculated
ons
according to the selected nominal diameter.
Pipe Sizing
Calculations

COMPRESSIBL Note: The metal pipe dimensions are basically according to ANSI B36.10 or
E FLOW IN
PIPING API 5L.Also for PE pipe please refer to DIN 8074.
Sequence Of
Simulation

Example 1
 Novin Parsian Co.
Mar.2006
Flow of fluids
Introduction of
trainer
7- STEADY SINGLE-PHASE COMPRESSIBLE FLOW IN PIPING
Topics

Piping Network
According to Darcy formula , the friction head loss in an incompressible
Labeling
Diagram fluid is calculated from the following formula :
Network
inlet & outlet
L V2
Hydraulic Hf = f L V2
Calculation
Definition
Di 2 g DPf = r f
Sizing Criteria DP f = r g H f
Di 2
Velocity

Pressure drop
Where ;
Requirements &
contract
Recommendati H f = Friction Head loss [m] f = Darcy Friction Factor
ons

L=Pipe Length [m] , r = Liquid Density [kg/m3] , V=Fluid velocity [m/s]

Pipe Sizing
Calculations

COMPRESSIBL
E FLOW IN
PIPING Di = Internal Diameter Of pipe [m] , g=Gravity acceleration [9.81 m/s]
Sequence Of
Simulation

Example 1
 Novin Parsian Co.
Mar.2006
Flow of fluids
Introduction of
trainer The Darcy friction factor is obtained from the following formula :
Topics
64
Piping Network f= (for laminar flow : Re<2000 )
Labeling
Diagram
Re
Network
Expressions for calculating the loss of pressure in turbulent flow are based
inlet & outlet upon experimental data. For complete turbulence zone (Re>3000) the
Hydraulic
Calculation
following has been developed by Colebrook:
Definition

Sizing Criteria
1 e 1.252
= -1.768 Ln(0.27 + )
Di Re f
Velocity

Pressure drop
f

rVDi
e = Roughness [mm] , Re=Reynolds No.=
Requirements &
contract
Recommendati Where :
ons
m
m=
Pipe Sizing
Calculations
Fluid viscosity [cp]
COMPRESSIBL
E FLOW IN
PIPING For transitional flow (2000<Re<3000)f is found by interpolating between
Sequence Of
Simulation
laminar value for Re=2000 and turbulent value at Re=3000.
Example 1
 Novin Parsian Co.
Mar.2006
Flow of fluids
Introduction of
trainer

Topics

Piping Network

Labeling
Diagram

Network
inlet & outlet

Hydraulic
Calculation
Definition

Sizing Criteria

Velocity

Pressure drop

Requirements &
contract
Recommendati
ons

Pipe Sizing
Calculations

COMPRESSIBL
E FLOW IN
PIPING

Sequence Of
Simulation

Example 1
 Novin Parsian Co.
Mar.2006
Flow of fluids
Introduction of
trainer
Pressure losses which occur in piping systems due to bends, elbows, joints,
Topics
valves, and so forth are called form losses. For the recommended values
Piping Network
of local flow resistance coefficients (K-factors) please refer to Crane Flow
Labeling
Diagram of Fluids.
Network V2 V2
inlet & outlet
H fittings = K DPfittings = r K
Hydraulic 2g 2
Calculation
Definition

Sizing Criteria
Where; r = Liquid Density [kg/m3] , V=Fluid velocity [m/s]
Velocity

Pressure drop
H fittings = Head loss due to the fittings [m] , K=Fittings resistance coefficient
Requirements &
contract
Recommendati
DPfittings = Pressure drop due to fittings [Pascal]
ons

Pipe Sizing
Calculations Form losses may also be expressed in terms of the equivalent length Le of
COMPRESSIBL pipe that has the same pressure head loss for the same flow rate; thus
E FLOW IN
PIPING

Le V 2 V2 Di
Sequence Of
Simulation f = K Le = K
Di 2 g 2g f
Example 1
 Novin Parsian Co.
Mar.2006
Flow of fluids
Introduction of
trainer
With this formula according to k factor of each fitting the relevant equivalent
Topics
length will be obtained. For quick calculations a chart has been provided in
Piping Network
Crane Flow of fluids.
Labeling
Diagram

Network The pressure loss due to elevation changes in a pipe section will be
inlet & outlet

Hydraulic
calculated by the following formula :
Calculation

DPstatic = rg ( z2 - z1 )
Definition

Sizing Criteria

Velocity

Pressure drop
Hence the total pressure drop of a piping system will be obtained as follow :
Requirements &
contract
Recommendati
DPtotal = DPfriction + DPfittings + DPstatic + DPotheres
ons

Where DPotheresis belong to any other equipment or accessory in the system.

Pipe Sizing
Calculations

L V2
COMPRESSIBL
E FLOW IN
PIPING
DPtotal = r( f + K) + rg ( z2 - z1 ) + DPothers
Sequence Of
Simulation
Di 2
Example 1
 Novin Parsian Co.
Mar.2006
Flow of Fluids
Introduction of
trainer
8- Sequence of simulation
Topics

Piping Network
-Prepare a pipe route (single line) according to the technical specification and
Labeling
Diagram system requirements.
Network
inlet & outlet

Hydraulic
-Specify the process characteristics of flow in I/O points (Regarding to the
Calculation
Definition
Terminal point data, consumers and also system component specifications)
Sizing Criteria

Velocity
-Specify each pipe section and its node numbers and extract its relevant
Pressure drop
information from the pipe route and technical specifications (length of the
Requirements &
pipe section, its start & end nodes identification, its fitting, fixed pressure
contract
Recommendati
drops,).
ons

Pipe Sizing
Calculations -Calculate the pipe size of each pipe section (see page 12).
COMPRESSIBL
E FLOW IN
PIPING -Calculate the total pressure drop in each pipe section. It is noted that out put
Sequence Of
Simulation
pressure of each pipe section shall be used as input pressure of the next
Example 1
pipe section.
 Novin Parsian Co.
Mar.2006
Flow of Fluids-Example 1
Introduction of
trainer
-The total pressure drop is the difference between inlet pressure of the first
Topics
pipe section and outlet pressure of the farthest pipe section.
Piping Network

Labeling
Diagram Example #1 : Please specify the pressure of out put points (consumers) for
Network the water distribution system in the next page. It is noted that according to
inlet & outlet

Hydraulic
piping specification of contract the pipe schedule for all size shall be
Calculation
Definition
Sch. STD commercial pipe and water temp is 15c.Also according to the
Sizing Criteria
strainer data sheet the maximum pressure drop of the strainer at dirty
Velocity
condition is 0.2 bar. Regarding to the piping specification All the bends are
Pressure drop
long radius (R=1.5D). The minimum pressure in inlet terminal point is 8
Requirements &
barg .The elevation of the inlet terminal point is 800 MSL.
contract
Recommendati
ons
Solution :
Pipe Sizing
Calculations

COMPRESSIBL Step 1 & 2: Regarding to the technical specification and I/O process
E FLOW IN
PIPING characteristics a pipe route has been prepared in the next page.
Sequence Of
Simulation
Step 3:In sheet after each pipe section and its relevant nodes has been
Example 1
identified.
 Novin Parsian Co.
Mar.2006
Flow of Fluids-Example 1
Introduction of
trainer

Topics

Piping Network

Labeling
Diagram

Network
inlet & outlet

Hydraulic
Calculation
Definition

Sizing Criteria

Velocity

Pressure drop

Requirements &
contract
Recommendati
ons

Pipe Sizing
Calculations

COMPRESSIBL
E FLOW IN
PIPING

Sequence Of
Simulation

Example 1
 Novin Parsian Co.
Mar.2006
Flow of Fluids-Example 1
Introduction of
trainer

Topics

Piping Network

Labeling
Diagram

Network
inlet & outlet

Hydraulic
Calculation
Definition

Sizing Criteria

Velocity

Pressure drop

Requirements &
contract
Recommendati
ons

Pipe Sizing
Calculations

COMPRESSIBL
E FLOW IN
PIPING

Sequence Of
Simulation

Example 1
 Novin Parsian Co.
Mar.2006
Flow of Fluids-Example 1
Introduction of
trainer

Topics
Piping geometry information
Piping Network Input Out put
Other
Labeling Pipe Input Out put node node Length
Item List of Fittings pressure
Diagram Section node node elevation elevation [m]
loss [bar]
Network [m] [m]
inlet & outlet
90 Elbow : 1
Hydraulic
Calculation 1 P/1 1 2 800 805 35 Gate valve : 1 -
Definition check valve :1
Sizing Criteria
Tee branch : 1
Velocity 2 P/2 2 3 805 805 180 90 Elbow : 1 -
Pressure drop
Globe valve : 1

Requirements &
contract Tee branch : 1 0.2
3 P/3 2 4 805 805 165
Recommendati 90 Elbow : 1 (Strainer)
ons

Pipe Sizing
Calculations Tee run : 1
4 P/4 4 5 805 798 72 90 Elbow : 1 -
COMPRESSIBL
E FLOW IN Globe valve : 1
PIPING

Sequence Of Tee branch : 1

Simulation 5 P/5 4 6 805 811 6 -
Ball valve : 1
Example 1
 Novin Parsian Co.
Mar.2006
Flow of Fluids-Example 1
Introduction of
trainer
Pipe size calculation :
Topics

Piping Network
For pipe section P/1:Q=235 m/h , V = 3 m/s (Acc. To the admissible velocity)
Labeling
Diagram Hence:
Network
inlet & outlet
Q0 235 / 3600
Di = 2 =2 = 0.166 m
p V p 3
Hydraulic
Calculation
Definition

Sizing Criteria Di = 166 mm

Velocity

Pressure drop
Pipe sch. is STD. There fore according to the standard dimension the Nominal
Requirements &
Diameter is selected:
contract
Recommendati
ons
DN 150 , Sch STD Di = 154.08 mm
Pipe Sizing
Calculations

COMPRESSIBL DN 200 , Sch STD Di = 202.74 mm

E FLOW IN
PIPING

Sequence Of
Simulation
DN 200(Sch. STD) selected. Di=202.74
Example 1
 Novin Parsian Co.
Mar.2006
Flow of Fluids-Example 1
Introduction of
Q0
trainer
V= V = 2.022 m / s (actual velocity)
Topics p / 4 Di 2

Piping Network
In the same way the size of the other pipe sections obtained as follow:
Labeling
Diagram

Network
inlet & outlet
For pipe section P/2:Q=80 m/h , V = 3 m/s Hence: Di=0.097
Hydraulic
DN 100(Sch. STD) selected. Di=102.26 mm ,V=2.706 m/s
Calculation
Definition

Sizing Criteria For pipe section P/3:Q=155 m/h , V = 3 m/s Hence: Di=0.135
Velocity DN 150(Sch. STD) selected. Di=154.08 mm ,V=2.309 m/s
Pressure drop

Requirements & For pipe section P/4:Q=110 m/h , V = 3 m/s Hence: Di=0.114
DN 125(Sch. STD) selected. Di=128.20 mm ,V=2.367 m/s
contract
Recommendati
ons

Pipe Sizing

For pipe section P/5:Q=45 m/h , V = 3 m/s Hence: Di=0.073

Calculations

COMPRESSIBL
E FLOW IN DN 80(Sch. STD) selected. Di=77.92 mm ,V=2.621 m/s
PIPING

Sequence Of
Simulation Now all of the pipe section has sized. Next step is pressure drop calculation.
Example 1
 Novin Parsian Co.
Mar.2006
Flow of Fluids-Example 1
Introduction of
trainer
For pipe section P/1: pipe size is DN 200 then according to table A26 of
Topics
Crane hand book pipe friction factor is obtained : fT = 0.014
Piping Network

Labeling
Diagram The fittings are :
Network
inlet & outlet

Hydraulic
90 Elbow : 1 K1 = 14 fT = 14 0.014 K1 = 0.196 (From table A29)
Calculation
Definition

Sizing Criteria
Gate valve : 1 K2 = 8 fT = 8 0.014 K1 = 0.112 (From table A27)
Velocity

Pressure drop
check valve :1 K3 = 100 fT = 100 0.014 K1 = 1.4 (From table A27)
Requirements &
contract
Recommendati
K = K1 + K2 + K3 K = 1.708
ons

Pipe Sizing
Calculations The roughness of the commercial steel pipes is 0.0457mm,hence the
COMPRESSIBL relative roughness will be calculated as follow :
E FLOW IN

e 0.0457
PIPING

Sequence Of RR = = = 0.000225
Simulation
Di 202.74
Example 1
 Novin Parsian Co.
Mar.2006
Flow of Fluids-Example 1
Introduction of
trainer
The Reynolds number is :
Topics
rVD 999kg / m3 2.022m / s 0.20274m
Piping Network
Re = = = 4.095 105
Labeling m 0.001 Pas.s
Diagram

Network By referring to Darcy friction factor chart (see page 16) The Darcy friction
inlet & outlet

Hydraulic
Factor is obtained : f = 0.0151
Calculation
Definition

Sizing Criteria
By reviewing pipe section geometry information it is seen that the input node
Velocity
elevation is 800m and out put node elevation is 805.
Pressure drop

Requirements &
The total pressure loss of the first pipe section will be :
contract
Recommendati L V2 35 2.0222
ons
DPtotal = r ( f + K) + rg ( z2 - z1 ) = 999(0.0151 + 1.708)
Pipe Sizing
Calculations
Di 2 0.20274 2
COMPRESSIBL
+ 999 9.81 (805 - 800) = 57671.6 Pascal
E FLOW IN
PIPING

Sequence Of
Simulation
In the same way the pressure drop of the other pipe sections obtained as
Example 1
follow:
 Novin Parsian Co.
Mar.2006
Flow of Fluids-Example 1
Introduction of
trainer
Darcy Total Total
Topics
Pipe Fittings Relative Reynolds Pipe Pressure Pressure
Item
Piping Network Section K Factor Roughness Number Friction Drop Drop
Factor [Pascal] [bar]
Labeling
Diagram

Network
inlet & outlet 1 P/1 1.708 0.000225 4.095x100,000 0.0147 57671.6 0.576
Hydraulic
Calculation
Definition

Sizing Criteria
2 P/2 7.038 0.000447 2.764 x100,000 0.0180 141627.7 1.416
Velocity

Pressure drop

Requirements & 3 P/3 1.11 0.000297 3.554x100,000 0.0165 50010.9 0.500

contract
Recommendati
ons

Pipe Sizing
Calculations
4 P/4 5.984 0.000356 3.031x100,000 0.0172 -24821.2 -0.248
COMPRESSIBL
E FLOW IN
PIPING

Sequence Of
Simulation
5 P/5 1.134 0.000586 2.040x100,000 0.0192 67765.4 0.678
Example 1
 Novin Parsian Co.
Mar.2006
Flow of Fluids-Example 1
Introduction of
trainer
As it is seen from the Pipe nodes arrangement :
Topics

Piping Network Pnode #3 = Pnode #1 - DPpipe-sec tion #1 - DPpipe-sec tion # 2

Labeling
Diagram

Network
Pnode # 6 = Pnode #1 - DPpipe-sec tion #1 - DPpipe-sec tion #3 - DPpipe-sec tion #5
inlet & outlet

Hydraulic
Calculation
Pnode #5 = Pnode #1 - DPpipe-sec tion #1 - DPpipe -sec tion #3 - DPpipe-sec tion # 4
Definition

Sizing Criteria

Velocity Pnode #3 = 8 - 0.576 - 1.416 = 6.008 bar

Pnode #6 = 8 - 0.576 - 0.500 - 0.678 = 6.246 bar
Pressure drop

Requirements &

Pnode #5 = 8 - 0.576 - 0.500 + 0.248 = 7.172 bar

contract
Recommendati
ons

Pipe Sizing
Calculations

COMPRESSIBL
E FLOW IN
PIPING

Sequence Of
Simulation

Example 1
 Novin Parsian Co.
Mar.2006
Introduction of soft ware
Topics

Piping Network

Labeling
Diagram
Pipe Net
Standard Module
Network
inlet & outlet

Hydraulic
Calculation
Definition

Sizing Criteria

Velocity

Pressure drop

Requirements &
contract
Recommendati
ons

Pipe Sizing
Calculations

COMPRESSIBL
E FLOW IN
PIPING

Sequence Of
Simulation

Example 1

Introduction of
software
 Novin Parsian Co.
Mar.2006
Introduction of soft ware
Topics

Piping Network
What is pipe net ?
Labeling
Diagram
The PIPENET suite of programs has been designed to enable the accurate
Network
inlet & outlet
simulation of fluid through a network of pipes and other components.
Hydraulic
Calculation
Definition

Sizing Criteria The full suite of programs consists of the following modules:
Velocity
1-Standard Module: For general flow analysis of the single phase flow of
Pressure drop
liquids and gases.
Requirements &
contract
Recommendati
ons
2-Spray / Sprinkler Module: Specifically for the design of fire protection
Pipe Sizing systems (deluge, ring main or sprinkler) in accordance with NFPA rules .
Calculations

COMPRESSIBL 3-Transient Module: For the analysis of transient flow in all types of network
E FLOW IN
PIPING employing a liquid. It has many applications including predicting pressure
Sequence Of
Simulation
surges, calculating hydraulic transient forces and modeling control
Example 1
systems.

Introduction of
software
 Novin Parsian Co.
Mar.2006
Introduction of soft ware
Topics

Piping Network
Applications
Labeling
Diagram
-Powerful tool in the design (sizing & pressure drop calculation) of piping
Network
inlet & outlet systems contain single phase steady flow of liquids and gases.
Hydraulic
Calculation
Definition
-It is also a flexible tool for simulation of ducts, pumps, fans, filters, control
Sizing Criteria
valves, non-return valves, orifice plates, nozzles and fixed pressure drops
Velocity
in the piping systems.
Pressure drop

Requirements &
contract
-It can be used as an aid in designing a new network of pipes with
Recommendati
ons
appropriate pipe sizes and ensuring that the system specification
Pipe Sizing requirements are met. It can also be used to investigate the
Calculations
consequences of blocked or broken pipes in the network.
COMPRESSIBL
E FLOW IN
PIPING

Sequence Of
Simulation

Example 1

Introduction of
software
 Novin Parsian Co.
Mar.2006
Introduction of soft ware
Topics

Piping Network
What is the advantage of this soft ware:
Labeling
Diagram
- A large number of inputs and outputs.
Network
inlet & outlet

Hydraulic - Units - Metric, SI, British, US or User defined.

Calculation
Definition

Sizing Criteria - Networks comprising any arrangement of branches, grids and loops.
Velocity

Pressure drop - Open and closed loop systems.

Requirements &
contract
Recommendati
ons
- Incompressible and compressible fluids.
Pipe Sizing
Calculations
- Fluids at a fixed or variable temperature.
COMPRESSIBL
E FLOW IN
PIPING
- Built-in fittings and pipe schedules and user defined fittings, pipe schedules
Sequence Of
Simulation and fluids.
Example 1

Introduction of
software
 Novin Parsian Co.
Mar.2006
Introduction of soft ware
Topics

Piping Network
Applications
Labeling
Diagram
- Ring mains for water supply.
Network
inlet & outlet

Hydraulic - Coolant systems and Steam networks.

Calculation
Definition

Sizing Criteria - Crude oil and Fuel oil supply lines.

Velocity

Pressure drop - Air ducting systems.

Requirements &
contract
Recommendati
ons
- Water injection and Gas distribution systems.
Pipe Sizing
Calculations

COMPRESSIBL
E FLOW IN
PIPING

Sequence Of
Simulation

Example 1

Introduction of
software