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The Cathars: Trials and

Tribulations in the Languedoc


Bill Anderson, FRC

n this article, Bill Anderson, FRC, editor of land ownership and inheritance, and even

I of the Rosicrucian Beacon magazine


(English Grand Lodge for Europe, the
Middle East, and Africa) presents the Cathars
a different languageOccitan (the langue
doc). And it was not part of the kingdom of
France at the time.
and Catharism, from the origins of this beautiful The independent lords of the south
mystical tradition to their exemplary courage strove to ensure that no single power could
during the persecution of the Inquisition. dominate the region. Nevertheless, one of
them, the Count of Toulouse, who belonged
to the St. Gilles family, was indisputably
the most influential and powerful of them
Al cap dels st cent ans, verdajara lo laurl. all. The domains and power of this family
The laurel will flourish again in 700 years. had grown through the tenth and eleventh
(Belibaste) centuries so that by the late eleventh century,
Count Raimon (Raymond) IV had the
In Christianity, the laurel, once sacred to resources to become one of the leaders
Apollo, is said to symbolize the Resurrection of the First Crusade to the Holy Land.
of Christ and the triumph of Humanity. As the armies of the First Crusade passed
The word Cathar derives from the Greek through Constantinople, in her book The
word katharos meaning pure. Catharism Alexiad, Princess Anna Komnene describes
itself was a gnostic and dualist Christian Raymonds superior intellect, the purity of
religious movement that appeared in the his life, and how greatly he valued the truth.
Languedoc region of France, called Occitnia For these reasons her father, the Byzantine
at the time, around the middle of the eleventh Emperor Alexios I, held him in great esteem.
century. The movement was branded by
the Catholic Church as heretical, with some
authorities denouncing Cathars as not being
Christian at all. It existed throughout much
of Western Europe, including Aragon and
Catalonia in Spain, the Rhineland and
Flanders, and Lombardy and Tuscany in Italy.
In the early thirteenth century, the area
of the Midi or southern France known as
the Lengadc (Languedoc) stretched from
the Rhone valley in the east to the Garonne
River in the west, and from the Auvergne in
the north to the Roussillon in the south. This
area had a cultural unity quite different from
the north of France. It had different forms The Languedoc region.

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which he based his teachings, trying through
different paths to reach the Great Universal
Truth. His disciples, who were called the
Manicheans, spread his doctrine, which
was based at one and the same time upon
the spirit of renunciation of the Eastern
religions and upon the great law of love and
compassion of Christian inspiration.
Interesting documentswritings of
Cathar traditions can be traced back to the prophet Mani, Mani and his discipleswere discovered
who lived in the Persian Empire in the third century CE. shortly before World War I in Turkestan
The greatest rivals in Occitnia to the and China, and also in the Fayum in Egypt.
Counts of Toulouse were the Counts of Some of those documents escaped burning
Barcelona. They acquired the kingship of when the followers of Mani were persecuted.
Aragon in 1137; the kingship of Mallorca in From the East, Manis followers migrated
1228; and the kingship of Valencia in 1238. to Europe through the Byzantine Empire,
The lesser nobles of the region, like the initially to Bulgaria. According to some
Counts of Foix and the Viscounts of Bziers, authors, the Cathars teachings spread from
Carcassonne, Narbonne, and Montpellier Bulgaria into Italy via Bosnia, and laterin
exploited the conflict between these great a movement westwardspread to Spain and
noble houses by transferring their allegiance France, where we find them towards the end
from one lord to another to maximize of the eleventh century and where they were
their independence. called the Cathars.
Origins of Catharism Monotheists
Much has been written about these They believed in a sole, unique Divinity
remarkable mystics, their probable origin, but admitted to the existence of two opposing
their history and connections with other principles which manifested as spirit and
so-called heretical sects of the Middle matter. As dualist Christians, they believed in
Ages. Reliable information however, can Light and Darkness or good and evil. Light,
be obtained from various historical reports or the positive constructive principle, was
and also from an intelligent interpretation opposed to the negative, destructive principle.
of the reports compiled by the Inquisition.
Naturally, discrimination must be used in
analyzing those latter reports, as they are
bound to bear the mark of that institution,
its partiality, and fanatical spirit.
Cathar traditions can be traced back to
the prophet Mani, who lived in the Persian
Empire in the third century CE. He was
a student of Buddhism and Chaldean
philosophy, and delved into the mysterious
knowledge of the Egyptians. Later on he
Rosicrucian became a devout Christian, and from the vast
Digest knowledge he acquired from those diverse
No. 2 spiritual sources, he drew up a synthesis on The symbol of the Cathar dove hewn through a rock.
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Through matter, the SoulHumanitys of simple Believers who worked and prayed
Divine Principleis plunged into Darkness, under the guidance of the Perfects, who
from which it has to work out its salvation instructed and tended them on the path of
through successive reincarnations, in a series spiritual knowledge. The liberation of the
of lives on Earth. Through suffering and soul from the bonds of matter and the love
the practice of love and charity, the Soul of others were the fundamental tenets of
slowly emerges from the Darkness, from their doctrine.
the delusion of matter, to eventually reunite Their leaders were well-read students
with the Divine Light, the First Principle, the of philosophy and took an active part in all
Creator, or the Divine. discussions and controversies that might
Initiations enlighten them. But academic teachings were
In order to help their disciples in the not their only source of knowledge: through
slow and progressive unfolding of their concentration and meditation they tried to
souls, Cathars performed initiations. But to attune directly with the Cosmic Spirit, the
be worthy of those initiations, the followers Consciousness of Christ. To this end, they
had to purify themselves through gradual regularly practiced fasting before initiation
asceticism, through fasting, abstinence, and and occasionally after initiation; they also
a great and sincere desire for perfection. fasted before great religious celebrations.
Poverty was also considered a means of
liberating the self from worldly fetters.
Hell did not exist for the Cathars; they
believed that hell was a state of existence on
Earth. The fire of the lower regions of the
Powers of Darkness was the actual suffering
of human beings, here and now, and not
in some afterlife. The souls of humans, A stone dove representing the Holy Spirit: One of
they believed, could therefore be saved and the few known surviving artifacts recovered from
the site of Montsgur.
redeemed through the trials and tribulations
of this terrestrial life. The Consolamentum
Although specific, the Cathar teachings One peculiarity of their rites was
were not dogmatic. The work of Cathar the laying-on of hands, called the
ministers, usually referred to as Perfects Consolamentum or Consolation. It was
by the Inquisition, was not to impose a considered as a baptism. The Cathars did
blind faith but to convince their followers not recognize the Churchs baptism by water
through persuasion and living openly as as established by John the Baptist; for them
shining examples of purity and probity. They there was only one true baptismthat of the
were truly practicing the highest possible Holy Spirit and as practiced by Jesus. Thus
spirituality, and deserved the appellation only could the Divine Spirit of Life penetrate
Perfect or the Pure. the soul of humanity, permeating and
To the Cathars themselves they were transmuting the grosser vibrations of matter.
simply called the Bons mes (Good Men), The Consolamentum was considered a
Bonas Femnas (Good Women), or simply means of redemption and at the same time
as Bons Crestians (Good Christians). Such as a consecration of the condition of purity
were the ministers, but there were of course attained by the disciple after a long period
more humble followers, the great multitude of fasting and meditation. This rite was

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also practiced upon the dying, to help the But that is inconsistent with their faith in
passing of the soul to the Great Beyond. In reincarnation, for how could a person be
such a case, the Consolamentum could also reborn upon Earth if marriage and the family
be given by a member of the family, or by a were condemnable institutions?
woman, provided that he or she had already Certainly they held the state of celibacy
received the sacrament; that is, that the in high regard, considering it a means for
mediator be fully and spiritually qualified to liberation of the senses and for the lessening
bestow it upon the dying. of ones karma and reincarnations; but that
The ordination as a Perfect was also was only for the Perfectsthose who had
conferred by the Consolamentum, to men already attained the required condition of
and women; the women were consecrated purity. For the men and women who had
deaconesses. In Western Europe, women to live normal lives, they acknowledged
were second or even third class citizens, but in the necessity of marriage, although the only
Cathar society, women and men were equal. valuable sacrament in such case was the true
The Cathars were individualists union of two souls.
and believed that there was no road to Among married people, those who
evolution except through personal work received the Consolamentum were at
and personal effort. Whatever your standing times authorized by husbandor wife as
in society might be, noble or peasant, the the case may beto break the bond of
same consideration was granted to all. marriage so they could devote the rest of
The most humble of workers had as much their lives to greater purification and more
of a right as their bishops to attune with absolute asceticism.
the Cosmic Spirit, and the only factors Such was their probity that the giving
that mattered were purity and perfection. of their word was sufficient bond and they
The humblest neophyte therefore, could refused to take oaths. In this regard they
aspire to the highest spiritual development adhered strictly to the spirit of the second
and attainment. and eighth commandments of the Judeo-
Cathar Beliefs Christian tradition. This in particular was
regarded as seditious, as oaths were what
Their beliefs about marriage in
bound medieval society together; humans
particular were distorted by false reports
to their feudal superiors and humans
and misunderstandings of their adversaries
to church.
in the Inquisition. Some authors claim
that they were against marriage and Occitnia
preached abstinence and celibacy for all. Occitnia was a land where the blending
of several races produced strong, independent
individuals, and where the Cathar teachers
found propitious soil for the spreading
of their religious ideas. The sum of their
knowledge was translated into Occitanian.
At this time Occitnia had more in common
with Aragon and Catalonia than it did with
the north of France. Their language was very
Rosicrucian similar to the Catalan language. From now
Digest on, in this article I choose to use the names
No. 2 Cathar Cross etched in stone. that they called themselves, rather than the
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clergy extorted tithes from the people, kept
mistresses, and sold all sacraments. Indeed,
they were like the merchants in the Temple
that Jesus drove out.
We have therefore on one hand Cathar
men and women, renowned as weavers,
agricultural workers, doctors, and educators,
who conformed as closely as possible to
the accepted Christian code of life, and on
Occitan Cross.
the other hand, we have a Catholic clergy
of immense corruption and materialism.
French names you will find in most of the Moreover the prelates of Rome were often
books about the Cathars. temporal lords with considerable estates
This whole region had remained and wealth, caring more for power and for
impregnated with ancient Roman the good of their own dynasties than for the
civilization and refinement. The nobles and welfare and spiritual health of the people.
knights, the Counts of Toulouse, the Counts The popes occupied the position of vicar of
of Foix, and the Viscounts of Bziers, were God and much more for political reasons
learned scholars; and the burgesses were than for any defense of Christian principles,
distinguished and emancipated minds. and it is not surprising therefore that so
Esclarmonda de Foix, a romantic figure many ordinary people sympathized with the
of medieval legend, and sister of Raimon- Cathars, while corruption of the clergy kept
Rogir, Count of Foix was initiated into the the mass of followers away from the Roman
Cathar faith, as was Raimon-Rogirs wife Catholic Church.
Phillipa. Count Raimon VI of Toulouse, There was also a deep-seated antagonism
though not adopting their religion, openly between the clergy and the nobility of
favored them, even taking sides with them at Occitnia, for the nobility extended help
times against the Roman Catholic clergy. to those whose extreme purity of life and
The first centers of Catharism in the disinterest in material wealth had won their
south of France were at Montpellier and respect. Furthermore, whereas the Cathars
Narbonne; from there they spread across were no threat to the nobilitys temporal
the Pyrenees into Spain. Later on, Toulouse power, the Roman Catholic clergy most
was their headquarters, and they had several definitely was. The Cathars were, socially
bishops in Albi. In fact, it is from the name of and spiritually, several centuries ahead of
that town that they were called Albigenses their time. One of the most renowned of
as well as Cathars, and the name Albigensian their ministers was Guilabert de Castres,
has remained attached to the persecutions who was Bishop of Toulouse and whose
they suffered at the hands of the Roman preaching and popularity gave much trouble
Catholic Church in many places such as to the Catholic Church at the beginning of
Bziers, Carcassonne, Agen, and Razs. the thirteenth century. He openly censured
The unusual purity of life of the the corruption of the Catholic clergy and it
Cathars was a great contrast to the appalling was only a matter of time before things came
licentiousness and simony of the Catholic to a head.
clergy of that epoch. While the Cathars were The Cathars believed that an unworthy
solely devoted to the welfare of the people, person i.e., one who did not live the teachings
nursing and healing them, the Catholic of Christ, had no right to minister to others.

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Title was nothing for them, and they looked
only to the intrinsic value of the individual.
The poorest laborer, if his or her mode of
living and spiritual standards were high, was
more qualified to become a minister than
a person who had been ordained a priest
merely by fiat from Rome. Ordination meant
nothing to them.
This type of preaching was therefore Pope Innocent III (11981216).
a direct attack against the mandates of
Rome. The simplicity of the lives of those will help to shed some further light upon
mystics and their disinterest in temporal their history. From the middle of the twelfth
power were considered revolutionary. Their century, various church councils condemned
teachings were a most dangerous heresy, and the Cathars. These seem to have been a series
a transgression against the established dogma of premeditated and well-orchestrated events,
of Roman Catholicism. and eventually the pope formally requested
the assistance of the lords of the south of
Condemned by the Pope France. They were in effect asked to take up
Condemned as Manichaeans, this arms against the Cathars, and in return the
was sufficient pretext for Rome to order a Vicar of Christ (the pope) promised plenary
crusade against the Cathars. Pope Innocent indulgences as a reward. The Cathars were
III (reigned 11981216)in addition anathematized as heretics, and in accordance
to organizing the Fourth Crusade, which with the established norms of the day they
was supposed to go to the Holy Land were, in the eyes of the Church, no better
but instead attacked and conquered the than the infidel of the East and had to be
Orthodox Christian Byzantine capital of killed en masse. At the same time as Innocent
Constantinoplewas the driving force III was asking for the help of the Occitanian
behind this. nobles and lords, he was also writing to the
While using coercive methods against Archbishops of the South, trying to stimulate
the Cathars, the pope also tried to convert their zeal against the Cathars.
them by sending in the Cistercians, who The papal legate, Pierre de Castelnau,
were famous dialecticians, to preach to them. had been unable to convince Count Raimon
According to the extremely rigid rules of the VI of Toulouse and bring him into the fight
Cistercian Order, their monks had to live in for the Church against the heretics. Raimons
absolute poverty. As ascetics they compared fourth wife was Joan of England, the favorite
favorably with the Cathars, for they practiced sister of Richard the Lionheart. Interestingly,
many of the same virtues. However, the Richards wife was a princess of neighboring
Cathars were deeply devoted to their beliefs Navarre, whose last king became King
and found little reason in the Cistercians Henry IV of France who later figures in the
appeals to change their ways, even with the naissance of Rosicrucianism. The son of Joan
persuasion of such worthy adversaries. and Raimon VI was Raimon VII.
Numerous books have been written Castelnau excommunicated Raimon VI,
about the barbaric persecutions that the but when the pope confirmed the sentence in
Rosicrucian Cathars subsequently had to endure, so this brutally forceful and violent terms, Raimon
Digest aspect will not be delved into here. However, VI quickly submitted to his authority. But
No. 2 some of the most salient points of the fight the submission was not sincere, and after a
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stormy controversy in Saint-Gilles, Castelnau home territory, the odds were clearly stacked
again excommunicated him. Some time against them. It is not surprising, therefore,
thereafter, in January 1208, Castelnau that Raimon VI, who was of irresolute
was murdered, run through by a lance, character, submitted himself once more to
andaccording to somekilled by one of the power of Rome. The pope, although
Raimons knights. Innocent III then appealed unconvinced of his sincerity, was only too
to the king of France, Phillipe Auguste, who glad to weaken his adversaries, and for the
was the suzerain of the county of Toulouse time being, contented himself in separating
and to the barons of the North to come and Raimon from the other Lords.
fight against the barons of the South. The powerful crusaders army pursued
Phillipe Auguste refused, and Innocent the heretics who, under the leadership of
III had taken upon himself the whole Raimon-Rogir TrencavelViscount of
responsibility of the crusade with only the Bziers and nephew of Raimon VItook
help of the northern lords, to whom he again refuge in Bziers. Despite their courageous
promised plenary indulgences in addition to efforts, this town, and later on Carcassonne,
the hope he gave them of winning new lands was taken and defeated. Before the carnage at
and booty. Under the threat of invasion to Bziers, a knight asked Arnaud-Amaury, the
his domains, Raimon VI was again forced to Abbot of Citeauxthe crusades spiritual
pay homage to the Church and to separate leaderhow they were to know the Cathars
himself from the other lords of the South. from the other inhabitants. Kill them all,
The Holy War replied the holy Abbot, God will know
his own!
According to historical reports, the
crusader army, led by Simon de Montfort, An anonymous author wrote:
was composed of twenty thousand knights There was seen, the greatest
and some twenty thousand vilains (soldiers slaughter of all ages; neither old
or free peasants, from which comes the nor young people were spared, not
English word villain.) Although the lords even children at the breast; all were
of the South were fighting for the Cathars on exterminated. When seeing such
butchery, the inhabitants took refuge
in the big Church of Saint-Nazaire.
The priests of the church were to ring
the bells when all the heretics were
dead. But the bells were never heard
for neither robed priest nor clerk was
left alive; all were put to the sword;
none escaped. The town was sacked,
then burnt to the ground, and no
living creature was left in it.
The crusaders believed that they were
helping the cause of Christianity by killing
the heretics, but being allowed to loot the
towns they took may have been a more
compelling reason for their enthusiasm. And,
of course, all their sins would be forgiven
The crusader army was led by Simon de Montfort. for having taken part in this crusade. Rape,

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artifices, ensnare those who believe in their
own righteousness, and blind them with false
reasoning and misunderstanding.
Montsgur
During the crusades, there were many
changes of fortune in both camps. Some of
the defeated Cathars succeeded in escaping.
Through the help of the people and the
lords who had revolted against the cruel
fanaticism of the Church, the vanquished
Cathars would sometimes remain hidden for
considerable periods of time, and continued
converting people to their cause.
This state of affairs continued up until
The crimes committed in the name of the their final stand in the formidable castl
Divine were many. de Montsegur, the citadel better known
as Montsgur (Mountain of Safety)an
murder, torture, and theft, all sanctioned ancient place of worship. A temple dedicated
by the Church and all sins forgiven in to a form of solar worship was said to have
advancewhat more could medieval existed there several centuries before the
knights and knaves want? Christian era, and in the Middle Ages, the
Such was the spirit that animated the castle became the stronghold where the
leaders of the crusade. The many crimes Cathars fought their last battle.
perpetrated in the name of the Divine were Raimon de Perelha, Lord of Montsgur,
quite literally done for the Divine, or at least sheltered refugees in his castle as far back
for Gods Vicar in Rome. Participation in as 1209, even before the worst phases of
the crusade against the Cathars was therefore the crusade reached his doors. In 1232
a blessed path to salvation, just as killing he received Guilabert de Castres, Cathar
the infidel in the East, no matter what the Bishop of Toulouse and one of the greatest
brutality, was a road to heaven. Cathar minds, together with several other
But there were some who, despite their Cathar leaders. From then on, Montsgur
persecutions of the Cathars, genuinely became the center of the Cathar Church,
believed in their mission to stamp the and towards the end of the crusade, was
Roman Catholic version of Christianity their last stronghold when Raimon VII
on all people, regardless of the brutality who had succeeded his father as Count of
of the process. To them it was like taking a Toulouse, under duress from the French king
bitter pillswallow it quick, endure the in 1243was forced to help fight the last of
bad taste, and be done with it as quickly as the Cathars and to destroy their final refuge.
possible. They were the monks of Citeaux, On March 2, 1244, Montsgur
the Cistercians who were extremely devoted surrendered. There was a two-week truce. The
followers of their cult. Another was Saint terms seemed lenient: Everyone could go free
Dominic, whose asceticism could only be if they allowed themselves to be questioned by
compared to that of his enemies themselves. and swore loyalty to the Church of Rome. For
Rosicrucian
Digest It is one of the ways of intolerance, when the Perfects, the choice was simpler, renounce
No. 2 the Powers of Darkness, with their subtle Catharism or burn at the stake. The Perfects,
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however, would not lie or take an oath, so their be Believers while betraying their friends and
fate was sealed. They spent the fortnight caring family. Such were the tactics of the Gestapo
for their charges and arranging their affairs. in other parts of France many centuries later.
Then something extraordinary happened. For a few years towards the end of the
Twenty-one ordinary Believers asked to thirteenth century, some Cathars, under the
be given the Consolamentum during the leadership of the Autier brothers, continued
final two weekssome on the very day worshipping and practicing their faith
before the final battlethereby becoming until 1309, when Pire Autier was arrested
Perfects, and knowing full well what the result and burned at the stake. Their last known
would be. This act was a great testament to Perfect, Guilhm Belibaste, was also betrayed
the appeal and power of Catharism and its and burned at the stake in 1321, after which
powerful message. the Believers fled, hiding in the wild region
Following the truce to think the terms of Sabarthez until they all seemed to have
over, the knights and their families went free disappeared, either because they had been
while 205 Cathars were burned alive on the killed, or because they had fled abroad to
morning of March 16, 1244. There were too Spain and Lombardy.
many to tie to individual stakes, so a palisade As for the county of Toulouse, after
was built around a pyre. The Cathars were Count Raimon VII died in 1250, his
shut inside and the fires were lit. A stele daughter was married to the brother of the
commemorates the spot where 205 beautiful king of France. After their deaths in 1271,
souls passed into transition. the county was absorbed into the French
The Aftermath royal possessions and the entire Languedoc
finally came under royal control.
After Montsgur fell, a number of
Cathar outposts managed to survive, at least Martyrs
until 1258. Pope Innocent IV promulgated We can honestly say that the faith of the
the bull Ad Extirpanda, which allowed Cathars was of such high quality that it can
the torture of suspects, ordering the civil only be compared to that of the early martyrs
magistrates to extort from all heretics by of Christianity. Their doctrine was truly
torture a confession of their own guilt and a inspired by the pure spirit of the pristine
betrayal of all their accomplices. Thus gave Christian ideal, before the misrepresentation
the Church another weapon. Throughout and deformation through the sectarianism of
the second half of the thirteenth century, the the clergy of later times.
Cathars became increasingly isolated, and Many suffered dreadful deaths through
by the early years of the fourteenth century, fire with the high courage of the early martyrs
there were very few Perfects left who could during the Roman persecutions. And yet,
administer the Consolamentum. their doctrine was so deformed by the
The horrors of the Inquisition however, Inquisitors that they were accused of holding
which had become a recognized institution the belief that suicide was a lawful act. In
of Rome under the name of the Holy some cases, they submitted themselves to
Office in about the year 1223, were such what they called the Endura, either before the
that in many places the people of the South sacrament of Consolamentum or after they
rebelled against the fanatical domination had been imprisoned. In the former case, the
of the Roman Catholic Church. The Endura was a very severe fast, not practiced
Inquisitors confiscated houses and land from with the idea of committing suicide, but as a
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of the senses. In the latter case, when they disappeared, some traces of their descendants
were imprisoned, it was undertaken to try still remain, and their doctrine and teachings
to escape the tortures of the Inquisition or were preserved and in fact may have been
death by fire, and they would therefore allow precursors to the Rosicrucian teachings of
themselves to starve to death. later centuries. If we compare their traditions
All epochs have had their contrast of and teachings with those of modern
Light and Darkness. In the darkness of the Rosicrucians, one cant help but see that they
medieval ages, in a deeply humble manner, are based upon the same ancient fundamental
the sincere efforts of Cathars strove for truths deriving from the innate human sense
inner liberation and shone with the light of universal justice and the ardent aspiration
of pure spirituality. This affirmed that for spiritual enfoldment.
however insurmountable the obstacles may Epilogue
appear, the process of evolution continues One of the greatest achievements of
its irrevocable motion throughout eternity. humankind is religion; yet paradoxically, it
Evil may triumph temporarily, but for is also one of humankinds greatest enemies.
goodness and sanctity, final victory is When organized religion becomes the
always assured, even if that takes centuries bedfellow of secular power, it is a recipe for
to come. disaster. Each religion thinks it is better than
Every action has its reaction, and the all othersit is human nature!
power of the popes was thereafter greatly I often wonder if the great avatars and
weakened. The massacres and acts of teachers of the past would be horrified to
savagery that the pope had unleashed, greatly see what had become of their teachings.
diminished the authority of the Church. The Catholic Church eventually reformed
For a long time the Vicars of Christ (the itself, so the Church in this story no longer
popes) had lost their spiritual authority over reflects the Church of today. At the end of
the countries of Europe. Their violent and the crusades, a whole way of life had been
fanatical suppression of all forms of dissent destroyed, along with the prosperity of one
and difference of opinion through the of the richest regions of France. But you cant
actions of the Inquisition left a permanent entirely destroy an idea, and the story of the
scar from which the Roman Catholic Cathars has survived despite all attempts to
Church has taken centuries to recover. erase it from living memory.
In conclusion it may be said that Al cap dels st cent ans, verdejara lo laurl.
although the Cathars seem to have entirely The laurel will flourish again in 700 years.

Rosicrucian
Digest
No. 2
2011

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