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Dalle Grave, R.a , Calugi, S.a , Petroni, M.L.b , Di Domizio, S.c , Marchesini, G.c
Weight management, psychological distress and binge eating in obesity. A reappraisal of the problem
(2010) Appetite, 54 (2), pp. 269-273. Cited 2 times.
a
Department of Eating and Weight Disorder, Villa Garda Hospital, Via Montebaldo 89, I-37016 Garda (VR), Italy
b
Unit of Nutrition Rehabilitation, San Giuseppe Hospital, Via Cadorna 90, I-28824 Piancavallo (VB), Italy
c
Clinical Dietetics, Alma Mater Studiorum University, Via Massarenti 9, I-40138 Bologna, Italy

Abstract
The psychological effects of dieting and weight loss have been an area of controversy in obesity. As part of a large
multicenter study involving 1944 obese subjects seeking treatment at Italian medical centers, we investigated the
effects of weight loss on psychological distress and binge eating in 500 subjects remaining in continuous treatment
at different centers with slightly different strategies (78.8% females; age: M = 46.2 years, SD = 10.8; BMI: M = 37.3
kg/m2, SD = 5.6). At baseline and after 12 months all subjects were evaluated by the Symptom CheckList-90
Global Severity Index (SCL-GSI) and by the Binge Eating Scale (BES). In both males and females, weight loss was
associated with improved psychometric testing. Changes in SCL-GSI were associated with changes in BMI ( =
0.13; t = 2.85; p < 0.005), after adjustment for age, gender, initial BMI and center variability. Similarly, BES
changes were associated with BMI change ( = 0.15; t = 3.21; p < 0.001). We conclude that in subjects compliant
to follow-up a successful management of obesity, not directly addressing psychological distress, is associated with
a significant improvement of both psychological distress and binge eating, linearly related to the amount of weight
loss, independently of treatment procedures. 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Author Keywords
Binge eating; Depression; Obesity treatment; Psychological distress; Weight loss

Document Type: Article

Source: Scopus

Vitousek, K.M., Gray, J.A., Grubbs, K.M.

Caloric restriction for longevity: I. Paradigm, protocols and physiological findings in animal research
(2004) European Eating Disorders Review, 12 (5), pp. 279-299. Cited 14 times.

University of Hawaii, 2430 Campus Road, Honolulu, HI, United States

Abstract
The initial article in this series reviews basic findings in the field of caloric restriction for longevity (CRL). To eating
disorder specialists, the data are disconcerting. The chronic dieting and subnormal weight we endeavour to prevent
and treat in humans appear highly beneficial when imposed on animals. In the laboratory, organisms from
nematodes to monkeys thrive when forced to undereat, as long as they receive sufficient micronutrients. The most
remarkable results are obtained through the most extreme measures: mice, for example, do best if limited to a third
of expected caloric intake, beginning soon after weaning and continuing throughout adulthood. Deprivation can be
achieved through an 'anorexic' protocol of steady underconsumption or a 'bulimic' pattern in which periods of
fasting alternate with bouts of binge eating. The benefits of such regimens include delayed senescence,
postponement and/or attenuation of age-related disease and dramatic increases in average and maximum lifespan.
Although some biological functions are impaired (including growth, reproduction and perhaps resistance to certain
stressors), the cost/benefit ratio clearly favours CRL when calculated on the basis of physical outcomes in late age.
Advocacy of comparable regimens for people, however, is ill-considered. Enthusiasm for CRL can be sustained
only by detaching deprivation from the context of daily life, ignoring psychological effects, and dismissing data on
human semi-starvation and eating disorders. The experiences of participants in Biosphere 2 and individuals with
anorexia nervosa suggest that the price of CRL is unacceptably high when a wider range of outcome variables is
examined. Copyright 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.

Author Keywords
Ageing; Biosphere 2; Dietary restriction; Eating disorders; Semi-starvation

http://www.scopus.com/citation/print.url?origin=resultslist&sid=4w_IGGqChlAPYX... 24/11/2011
Scopus - Print (5 November 2011) Pgina 2 de 3

Document Type: Review

Source: Scopus

Brownell, K.D., Rodin, J.

Medical, metabolic, and psychological effects of weight cycling
(1994) Archives of Internal Medicine, 154 (12), pp. 1325-1330. Cited 104 times.

Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States

Abstract
This article reviews studies on the effects of weight cycling and weight variability on metabolism, psychological
status, morbidity, and mortality. Repeated bouts of weight loss and regain, known as weight cycling or yo-yo
dieting, are highly prevalent, occur in males and females, and are common in both overweight and nonoverweight
individuals. While there has been no consistent demonstration that, as was first thought, weight cycling makes
subsequent weight loss more difficult or regain more rapid, it is possible that this does occur under some conditions
or in particular individuals. There are stronger and more consistent links between body weight variability and
negative health outcomes, particularly all-cause mortality and mortality from coronary heart disease. Weight cycling
may also have negative psychological and behavioral consequences; studies have reported increased risk for
psychopathology, life dissatisfaction, and binge eating. The bulk of epidemiologic research shows an association of
weight variability with morbidity and mortality, although the mechanisms are not clear at present. There is a clear
need for further research on the effects of weight cycling on behavior, metabolism, and health. Understanding and
promoting weight maintenance is an important priority.

Document Type: Review

Source: Scopus

French, S.A., Jeffery, R.W.

Consequences of Dieting to Lose Weight: Effects on Physical and Mental Health
(1994) Health Psychology, 13 (3), pp. 195-212. Cited 161 times.

Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, United States

Abstract
Concern has been raised that negative physiological and psychological effects of dieting may outweigh aesthetic
and health benefits. This review of the literature concludes the following: (a) The measurement of dieting is an
important unresolved issue; (b) current dieting, chronic dieting, desire to lose weight, specific weight control
behaviors, and weight changes may have different effects on health and need to be distinguished; (c) dieting is
usually not associated with nutritional deficiencies, adverse physiologic adaptations, severe psychological
reactions, or the development of eating disorders; and (d) recommendations against weight loss efforts involving
moderate changes in eating and exercise habits are not warranted.

Author Keywords
dieting; eating disorders; weight cycling; weight loss

Document Type: Article

Source: Scopus

Warren, C., Cooper, P.J.

Psychological effects of dieting
(1988) British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 27 (3), pp. 269-270. Cited 24 times.

Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, United Kingdom

Document Type: Article

Source: Scopus

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